Truth is universal

Promotes the development of human intelligence

A highly traditional and inflexible philosophy

Advocated for what he called “permanent studies.”

Ideal education is one that aims to cultivate the mind

Didactic Instruction

Coaching

Socratic Method

-Encourages active participation and critical thinking

Intellectual guide

Seminar leader

Mental disciplinarian

Engaged with classic texts

Participate in discussions

Develop reasoning and analytical skills

Existence precedes essence

Individual Existence

Freedom and Choice

Father of Existentialism

Individuals must find own path to understanding and meaning

Confronting feelings is essential for personal growth and self-discovery

Will to power- individual's drive to assert and enhance own power and influence

Overman- challenges people to rise above societal norms and mediocrity

Appreciation of oneself

Self-direction

Self-expression emphasis on teaching humanities

Think critically and reflect on their own belief,s values, and experiences

Learning is self-paced

Self-directed

Learning is connected to real-world experiences and personal relevance

Humanities

Psychology

Theology

Act as guide and facilitator

Creating an environment where students have the freedom to choose their own learning paths

Assist students in recognizing and embracing responsibility for their own thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Responsible for their own learning

Active participant in learning process

Has freedom to make own choice

Ideas are true if it is in real-world applications

Experience and action are important over fixed principles

Truth evolves with new experiences and evidence

Pragmatic Maxim: concept lies on observable practical consequences

Fallibilism: all knowledge is subject to revision based on new evidence and experiences

Promoting critical thinking and problem-solving skills in students instead of rote memorization

Focusing on experiential learning and practical applications.

Integrating various subjects to provide a holistic understanding of concepts.

More discovery-oriented than explanatory

Hands-on problem solving

Experimenting

Projects

Cooperative Learning

Philosophical issues

Promoting questioning and problem-solving

Encourager of critical thinking

Lifelong-learning model

Engage actively

Utilizing their experiences

Critical thinker

Prioritizes the interests, experiences, and needs of students.

Develop the whole child, addressing social, emotional, and ethical growth alongside academic skills.

Democratic principles in education

Education that catered to the interests and needs of children

Emphasized hands-on experiences

Learning by doing

Fostering democratic ideals

"Democracy and Education"

Developed "Project Method"

Importance of developing the whole child—intellectually, socially, and emotionally

Emphasizing the importance of active, relevant, and socially conscious learning

Hands-on activities, real-world problem-solving, and project-based learning

Critical Thinking and Inquiry

Social justice, civic engagement, and the development of responsible citizens.

Teamwork and collaboration

Group work and collaborative projects

Inquiry-based learning

Hands-on activities

Real-world problem-solving

Project-based learning

Subjects are often connected

Interdisciplinary approach

Facilitator of learning

Mentor

Assessor of understanding

Designer of Learning Experiences

Take charge of their own learning

Ask questions, explore topics of interest, and engage in inquiry-based learning

Reflect on their learning experiences

Problem Solver

Adapt and respond to changing societal conditions

Social justice and ethical responsibility

Promoting equity

Empowering individuals to challenge and transform their societies.

Education should actively address social issues and inequalities

Education as essential to a functioning democracy

Promoting democratic values

Understanding diverse cultures and perspectives

Fostering social responsibility and ethical values

Social Justice

Awareness of social issues

Cultural awareness

Real-world experiences

Focusing on problem solving, critical thinking, research, and cooperative learning

Collaborative Learning

Contemporary social issues

Interdisciplinary approach

Ethics and Values

Historical events

Facilitator

Mentor

Creator of safe and democratic environment

Community connector

Engage in active, project-based learning, or service learning

Analyze information, question societal norms, and engage in reflective thinking

Ask questions and explore topics of interest

Understand their roles in society

Advocates for a standardized curriculum

Structured and disciplined learning environment

Mastering foundational content

Emphasis on Character Development

Core curriculum was essential for all students to become informed citizens

Focus on intellectual achievement

Importance of character education alongside academic learning

Developed the Core Knowledge Sequence

Cultural literacy aims to promote educational equity

Importance of Reading and Vocabulary

Understanding cultural references, historical events, and key concepts

Mastery of content

Moral and Character Development

Clear expectations and structured routine

Teacher-Centered Instruction

Well-defined curriculum

Understand and retain essential knowledge through repetition and practice

Establish clear rules and expectations

Regular assessments are conducted

3R's (Reading, Writing, Arithmetic)

Fundamental subjects: Science, Mathematics, Literature, and History

Knowledge Provider

Maintaining order and discipline

Regularly assess student understanding

Role Model

Absorb and master foundational content

Adhere to classroom rules and routines

Critical Thinker

Develop personal responsibility and moral values

Take initiative in their learning

Measurable and observable behaviors

Relationship between stimuli (environmental factors) and responses (behaviors)

Reinforcement and Punishment to shape behaviors

Best known as the founder of Behaviorism

The influence of the environment on behavior development

Developed Operant Conditioning Theory

behavior could be modified using reinforcement (rewards) and punishment.

Measurable actions

Scientific Approach

Understanding and predicting behavior

Clear Objectives

Reinforcement

Repeated practice

Structured environment to minimize distractions and reinforce the desired behaviors

Regular assessments

Empirical research

Observable phenomena

Instructor

Reinforcer

Behavior Manager

Model appropriate behaviors and responses

Evaluate student performance

Active Learner

Respondent

Practice behaviors repeatedly

Work towards specific learning objectives

Inherent value and agency of individuals

Person's unique qualities and potential

Self-Actualization

Search for meaning and purpose in life

Best known for his "Hierarchy of needs"

Viewed individuals as whole beings

Hands-On Learning

Tailoring education to the individual needs and interests of each child

Fostering Independence

Valuing personal perspectives and feelings

Personal development and fulfillment

Comprehensive understanding of individuals

Real-world application

Cooperative learning and collaborative projects

Emotional, social, and intellectual development

Open communication between students and teachers

Promoting intrinsic motivation

Values and Ethics

Culture, history, and social contexts

Self-actualization

Fostering a nurturing learning environment

Listener and Observer

Encourage critical thinking and self-reflection

Providing emotional support

Active Learner

Self-Explorer

Critical Thinker

Goal Setter