https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842 In your group, list as many POWERS and ROLES of the following institutions as you can think of. Use your notes, handouts, and ppts from throughout the year to help accomplish this task. en-us 2022-03-03 16:32:29 UTC 2025-11-29 21:29:46 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562266533 House and Senate]]> 2023-04-20 18:21:29 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562266533 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562267384 2023-04-20 18:22:17 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562267384 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562267921 Composed of 436 members, and have a certain number of representatives based on your state's population. You must be 25 years of age and be a U.S. citizen for 7 years. The representatives represent a portion of their state known as congressional districts and have many rules/more formal. 

]]> 2023-04-20 18:22:41 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562267921 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562268063 Part of the iron triangle along with bureaucracy and political parties]]> 2023-04-20 18:22:47 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562268063 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562268200 this is the branch that houses congress and makes laws along with checking the executive branch by voting on approval.]]> 2023-04-20 18:22:56 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562268200 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562268404  Composed of 100 senators, 2 for each state. You must be 30 years of age and be a U.S. citizen for 9 years. The 2 senators represent your states equally and the senate has few rules/less formal.  ]]> 2023-04-20 18:23:08 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562268404 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562268464 Outlines the process of judicial review (determining constitutionality of a law/action), emphasizes the importance of an independent judiciary, life long terms]]> 2023-04-20 18:23:12 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562268464 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562268852 NRA, Sierra Club, Labor Unions]]> 2023-04-20 18:23:23 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562268852 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562268956

The process by which congressional districts are redrawn and seats are redistributed among states in the house

]]> 2023-04-20 18:23:29 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562268956 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562268984 Specific powers that are given to Congress through the Constitution. Such as the power to levy taxes and to wage war. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:23:30 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562268984 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562268991 9 justices total, life long terms
Chooses which cases they hear (typically appeals)
Jurisdiction: constitutional issues, interstate problems, federal crimes, foreign government/ambassadors]]> 2023-04-20 18:23:30 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562268991 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562269395 a group of members of the US congress that meets to pursue common legislative objectives. Easier to form a long-lasting coalition in the senate because they are in term for longer. 

]]> 2023-04-20 18:23:50 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562269395 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562269475 Discretionary spending is a category through which governments can spend through a yearly appropriations bill. Ex. Military, environmental protection. Mandatory spending is areas of the federal budget that must be enacted each year by law and are not dependent on annual review by committees of congress. Ex. social security, medicare. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:23:55 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562269475 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562269766 2023-04-20 18:24:10 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562269766 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562269899 Authority for congress to raise and spend money. Congress allots how public money will be spent. President proposes a budget, but congress has the ultimate say.  Congress coins money and both the house and senate have committees for budgeting and appropriations.]]> 2023-04-20 18:24:17 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562269899 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562269970 Connects the people to the politicians through lobbying]]> 2023-04-20 18:24:21 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562269970 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562270033 Powers derived from the necessary and proper clause. These powers are not stated specifically but are considered to be reasonably implied through the exercise of the delegated powers 

]]> 2023-04-20 18:24:24 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562270033 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562270045 Congress has the power to regulate commerce which means they can regulate foreign and interstate trade. Because of the necessary and proper clause in conjunction with the interstate commerce power the government can set a minimum wage and prohibit discrimination in trade.  ]]> 2023-04-20 18:24:25 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562270045 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562270188 When a member of Congress talks for a very long time in an effort to delay or prevent a the passing of a bill.
Can only happen in Senate today since a law was passed banning this in the House of Reps. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:24:33 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562270188 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562270276 Democrats (liberal) and Republicans (conservative) are the two major parties. There are several third parties such as Libertarians or Socialists who rarely win elections, but they help get larger parties to pay attention to certain issues]]> 2023-04-20 18:24:38 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562270276 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562270529 the leader of the majority party who serves as the "boss" of the HOP. They are appointed by the majority party and voted upon. They are in charge of making everyone follow the rules and they manage the order of the HOP. Also third in line for succession for President.]]> 2023-04-20 18:24:52 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562270529 mollstit8105 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562270887 purpose: inform the public and lawmakers about issues that matter to the group, lobby Congress and the Bureaucracy to pass certain laws/regulations, and endorse candidates & create ads]]> 2023-04-20 18:25:13 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562270887 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562271089 Collective agencies and employees of the executive branch that help the president carry out and enforce the laws]]> 2023-04-20 18:25:24 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562271089 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562271179 Congress can declare war, set a budget for military spending, and approve all ambassador appointments and secretary of state. The senate in particular ratifies treaties made by the president. 

]]> 2023-04-20 18:25:27 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562271179 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562271209 The party whips are supposed to keep people in their parties in line and make sure they vote the way the party wants.]]> 2023-04-20 18:25:29 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562271209 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562271390 Two political parties working together to reach a common goal]]> 2023-04-20 18:25:39 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562271390 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562271531 Someone who represents the interest organization to try to influence legislators.
 inside lobbying: Takes the interest group’s message directly to a government official such as a lawmaker.
 outside lobbying: indirect lobbying where the interest group will advocate for their cause on tv, social media, etc.


]]> 2023-04-20 18:25:47 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562271531 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562271544 Interest groups endorse candidates and can create ads for a campaign ]]> 2023-04-20 18:25:47 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562271544 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562271817 Strong allegiance to one's own political party, often leading to unwillingness to compromise with members of the opposing party.]]> 2023-04-20 18:26:02 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562271817 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562271818 The president is the commander in chief and therefore commander of the US military but cannot declare war]]> 2023-04-20 18:26:02 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562271818 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562272254 These are groups in congress and the HOR that debate bills associated with a certain topic. Members are assigned to these committees to be in charge of certain bills.]]> 2023-04-20 18:26:27 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562272254 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562272268 Selected by the president himself, they advise him and sometimes speak on his behalf. Includes the heads of the 15 top-level departments and the vice president. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:26:28 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562272268 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562272633 These are groups in congress and the HOR that debate bills associated with a certain topic. Members are assigned to these committees to be in charge of certain bills.]]> 2023-04-20 18:26:48 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562272633 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562272835 the president and the legislature being of different political partys ]]> 2023-04-20 18:27:00 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562272835 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562273015 introduce revenue bills( tax bills), select president if no one wins the electoral college vote, and impeachment power (accuse of wrongdoing) ]]> 2023-04-20 18:27:08 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562273015 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562273033 This is a committee in the House of Representatives that makes the rules for the debates of bills like who can speak when and for how long.]]> 2023-04-20 18:27:09 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562273033 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562273058

• Occurs every four years for both the Republican and Democratic Party.
• During this meeting the party sets political goals, establishes a vision for the party, and hosts speeches.
  • establishes the party's platform
  • vote for party's presidential candidate

]]> 2023-04-20 18:27:10 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562273058 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562273243 Each party hosts a convention to announce their nominee every election cycle. These conventions over time have turned into a larger event]]> 2023-04-20 18:27:18 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562273243 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562273433 this is a committee made up of all the people in the legislative branch to preform a procedure that hastens the bill making process.]]> 2023-04-20 18:27:27 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562273433 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562273463 advice and consent (recommend and reject/ approve presidential appointments ex: cabinet secretaries, federal judges, and ambassadors), approval of presidential treaties (⅔ vote), conducts trials of impeachment officials. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:27:27 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562273463 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562274135 this is one congress member trading votes with another, saying like if you vote for my bill ill vote for yours.]]> 2023-04-20 18:28:00 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562274135 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562274162 Acts in the absence of VP from the senate, is the longest-serving member of the majority party, and is third in line for presidential succession. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:28:02 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562274162 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562274234

Organization that seeks political power by electing members to different government offices

Primary purpose: Gain power and win elections

Secondary purpose: Influence public policy

]]> 2023-04-20 18:28:05 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562274234 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562274706 these are small spending projects that are set aside in the budget by congress members.]]> 2023-04-20 18:28:29 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562274706 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562274886 This allows the government, mainly Congress, to do more than is stated in the Constitution. Some actions that are justified by this are setting a minimum wage, prohibiting discrimination, drug laws, and environmental laws. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:28:39 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562274886 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275016 Groups of people with similar ideas are organized for political power. The United States has two major national political parties : The Democratic and The Republican party . ]]> 2023-04-20 18:28:45 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275016 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275061 Professional interest groups seek to influence laws that will benefit the professional interests of their members (ex. Exxon Mobil, Amazon, banks). Single use interest groups focus on single issues in society (ex. NAACP, Sierra Club, NRA) Public interest groups work for the good of society in general (ex. Common Cause, League of Women Voters)]]> 2023-04-20 18:28:47 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275061 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275221 Agencies that run outside of the President's direct control and outside the cabinet with very specific tasks. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:28:57 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275221 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275230 oh no its when a political party manipulates voting districts by srinking and streching the borders to divided and combine ]]> 2023-04-20 18:28:57 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275230 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275434 Made to design rules for how bills will be debated on the floor. The speaker determines who is on this committee. Any bill debated must have rules. Open rules mean any member can add any amendment to any section of the bill, closed rules are when no member can add an amendment to the bill, modified open and closed is when the rules committee chair picks who can engage in the amendment process. The majority party dominates. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:29:08 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275434 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275624 Hamilton wrote about the need for the Unitary Executive in which he would be the head of the country. The people would took to him during times of crisis. But in with plurality in the executive, there would be uncertainty. This uncertainty would reflect on to public perception of the entire government. Inevitably ending in an ineffectual government, which is why we need a unitary executive.]]> 2023-04-20 18:29:17 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275624 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275651 - Turns laws into administrative actions. Their role is to interpret laws passed by congress and decide how to enforce these laws
ex. FBA, OSHA IRS and CDC]]> 2023-04-20 18:29:18 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275651 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275673 2023-04-20 18:29:20 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275673 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275706 System of electing the president where all the votes go to one party in a state. There are some exceptions where the state's votes can be split]]> 2023-04-20 18:29:22 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275706 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275772 2023-04-20 18:29:25 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275772 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275919 This is unique to the house and includes but does not require all representatives. The committee of the whole is more of a state operation in which the House rules are relaxed than the actual committee. It was created to allow longer debates among fewer people and to allow members to vote as a group rather than in an individual roll call. Other nonvoting delegates from US territories like Puerto Rico and Guam can vote when the House operates in the Committee of the Whole. Only 100 members must be present and when it finished shaping the bill the Committee “rises and reports” the bill to the House. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:29:33 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562275919 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562276228  The discharge petition can bring a bill out of a reluctant committee. The petition’s required number of signatures has changed over the years but now stands at a simple majority to discharge a bill. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:29:50 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562276228 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562276262 When the Supreme Court makes a decision in a case, their decision impacts the laws of the states.  This essentially incorporates a right from the Bill of Rights so that it is applicable to the states.]]> 2023-04-20 18:29:52 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562276262 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562276587 The cloture rule enables and requires a two-thirds supermajority to stop debate on a bill, thus, stopping a filibuster and allowing for a vote. In 1975 it was lowered to three-fifths or 60 out of 100 senators. Once cloture is reached, each senator has the privilege of speaking for up to one hour on that bill or topic. 

]]> 2023-04-20 18:30:12 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562276587 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562276786 Each department has sub-departments called agencies. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:30:23 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562276786 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562276809 2023-04-20 18:30:25 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562276809 loiejone6993 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562276814 Judicial review is the right of the supreme court to determine acts from the executive or legislative branch unconstitutional. This gave the judicial branch more power and helped even out the amount of power between the three branches.]]> 2023-04-20 18:30:25 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562276814 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562276977 Parties can say a lot about a candidate's beliefs, so many people who have not done extensive research into candidates will vote for them just for their political party]]> 2023-04-20 18:30:33 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562276977 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562277072 Unanimous consent is the approval of all senators. Before the Senate takes action, the acting senate president requests unanimous consent to suspend the debate. If anyone objects, the motion is put on hold or at least stalled for discussion. For example, unanimous consent is asking if any of the 100 senators object to ending the debate and moving to a vote. If no objection is heard, the Senate proceeds to a vote. If the majority leader can’t secure the consent of all 100 senators, the leader (or another senator) typically files a cloture motion, which then requires 60 votes to adopt.

]]> 2023-04-20 18:30:39 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562277072 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562277374 Implements policies from other branches and creates regulations. It implements using different agencies and departments.]]> 2023-04-20 18:30:58 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562277374 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562277393 A hold is a measure to stand a bill. Senators will place a hold on a motion or a presidential appointment as a bargaining tool. An informal practice by which a senator informs Senate leadership that he or she does not wish a particular measure or nomination to reach the floor for consideration. A Senate hold is how a senator informally signals his objection to a bill or nomination. Most congressional actions clear parliamentary hurdles by “unanimous consent” of the Senate, so a senator who intends to object to such procedures can, effectively, hold up the action. 

]]> 2023-04-20 18:30:59 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562277393 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562277711

Middle aged/older (Ex. Might care more about money and finances.)

White 

Men (Ex. Men more likely to believe in death penalty & fiscal conservatism).

Evangelical/White Protestants (Conservative social values).

Higher Income (Less regulation & taxes).

Rural (Prefer less gov. intrusion).

]]> 2023-04-20 18:31:15 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562277711 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562277815 2023-04-20 18:31:21 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562277815 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562277922 Cabinet - a group of president advisers that includes the heads of the 15 top - level executive departments and the VP. 

Cabinet oversees departments that run specific parts of government 

Heads of departments = secretaries 
Ex. Secretary of treasury giving Biden recommendations for stimulus. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:31:26 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562277922 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562277930 The bureaucracy is a part of the iron triangle which also includes Congress and interest groups. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:31:27 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562277930 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562278123 Member who introduces a bill and assumes authorship over it

]]> 2023-04-20 18:31:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562278123 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562278150

Younger (Tend to be more liberal)

Minorities (Ex. African Americans tend to view the justice system more negatively than whites; more concerned with domestic issues than foreign).

Women (Favor more spending on welfare, more anti-death penalty).

LGBTQ

Jewish, Muslim, secular (Ex. Jews put high priority on privacy, basic rights for the accused & supporting charity).

Post-graduate education 

Urban/City (Cities are more heterogeneous). 

]]> 2023-04-20 18:31:36 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562278150 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562278378 A spending bill that incorporates multiple different smaller areas of spending into one larger bill. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:31:49 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562278378 mollstit8105 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562278685 1.  Elections - Encourage their membership to vote for particular candidates that support their cause
2. Mobilize Membership - To apply pressure to legislators & civil servants
3. Educate voters & officeholders - Educate voters on issues concerning the group, provide expert information to government officials
4. Draft Legislation - Suggest and support legislation, draft executive branch regulations
5. Create PACs - Political Action Committees (Organization that raises and spends money to elect and defeat candidates)
6. Lobbying

]]> 2023-04-20 18:32:06 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562278685 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562278692

Parties look for candidates to run for state legislature positions or for U.S. Congress especially in “swing” districts.

Mainly look for candidates who are energetic, telegenic, and scandal-free with good resumes.

Parties look for candidates to run for office, that have their own financial resources or a strong, established following. 

]]> 2023-04-20 18:32:07 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562278692 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562278725 when because of people moveing the goverment has to redraw the borders to make it fair but can be manipulated into jerrymanderation]]> 2023-04-20 18:32:09 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562278725 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562279329 Conservatives argue that people’s tax burden is already significant and instead of raising taxes or increasing debt, the government should pass laws that reduce social programs that are responsible for most mandatory spending. Liberals tend to argue that rich people can bear the burden of higher taxes and that the mandated social programs serve a vital function in an economy with a vastly unequal distribution of wealth. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:32:43 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562279329 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562279356 Businesses that the United States government runs. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:32:45 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562279356 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562279567 Department of the Interior- Protects parks and endangered species
Homeland Security- Oversees americas defense against terrorism
Department of Transportation- Manages public roads and transportation in the US]]> 2023-04-20 18:32:58 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562279567 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562279569 the executive branch can choose whether or not to enforce SCOTUS decisions and can nominate people for the supreme court. The Judaical branch can control who is appointed to the supreme court, can change the decisions made by SCOTUS through new laws, and can take away the jurisdiction of low level federal courts. And the Judaical branch has the balance of Judaical review. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:32:58 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562279569 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562279689 Parties tend to try to recruit candidates who are telegenic, scandal-free, have a following, and have financial resources]]> 2023-04-20 18:33:04 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562279689 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562279954 - harder to raise funds
- difficult to get ballot access
      - often the party needs to pay a fine and get a min amount of signatures to be placed on ballot
- Media doesn't usually cover 3rd party candidates, debates
- winner-take-all voting in the Electoral College means that 3rd parties get no votes because they don't win popular vote]]> 2023-04-20 18:33:16 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562279954 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562280153

Delegate Model- A member of congress who always follows their constituent's voting preferences ex: Senator Portela votes for the bill 

Trustee Model-  A member of congress who takes into account the views of their constituents and uses their own judgment to decide how to vote. Ex: Rep. Wallen voting against his constituents 

Politico Model- A member of congress who acts as a delegate on issues that their constituents care about and a trustee on issues that their constituents don't care about. Ex: Senator Kamath votes in favor of the park bill but also in favor of her constituents 

]]> 2023-04-20 18:33:28 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562280153 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562280220 2023-04-20 18:33:31 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562280220 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562280533 2023-04-20 18:33:48 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562280533 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562280722 Congress has difficulty passing laws there is no movement
(Because of Gerrymandering)

]]> 2023-04-20 18:33:59 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562280722 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562280753 Parties have employees who fund raise, advertise, recruit, poll, and research]]> 2023-04-20 18:34:01 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562280753 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562280828 The main task of the federal bureaucracy is to help the president enforce the laws. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:34:05 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562280828 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562280979 - The 22nd amendment limits the president to only be able to serve two terms (8 years)
- The 25th amendment largely covers matters pertaining to the Vice President including:
     -The Vice president becomes the official president if the current president is to die
     -If there is a vacancy in the role of the Vice President, the President appoints and congress approves the appointment
     -If there is a temporary vacancy in the role of the president due to things like illness or any personal matters, the Vice president is to fill in the role of President until they return to the position
-The Vice President along with the Cabinet are able to seem the President "unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office"]]> 2023-04-20 18:34:14 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562280979 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562281077 After the 1990 census, the NC general assembly redrew its congressional districts to account for changes in the population. The US department of justice rejected NC’s district plan stating it did not represent minorities well enough. NC was asked to add one more majority-minority district. The proposed district was oddly shaped following along a highway for nearly the entire length of the state. A group of voters sued on the grounds that the district was an unconstitutional gerrymander. This violated the 14th amendment equal protection clause that set the precedent that racial gerrymandering is not allowed. Although districts must meet the provisions of the voting rights act, race cannot be the only factor in drawing districts. 

]]> 2023-04-20 18:34:19 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562281077 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562281332 Parties have state and local chapters to manage the party on a smaller level]]> 2023-04-20 18:34:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562281332 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562281348 Although Third Parties don't have political dominance .They are composed of other groups :The Libertarian ,The Green Party ,The Reform Party etc..) ]]> 2023-04-20 18:34:37 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562281348 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562281396 Most Americans lived in cities and suburbs, and rural counties dominated the legislators across the entire nation. Charles baker sued Tennessee secretary of state Joe Carr over malapportionment which is the inequitable or unsuitable apportioning of representatives to a legislative body. Solicitor general Archibald Cox argued that the court should agree that it could hear apportionment cases so that a standard could be set in the future. This malapportionment violated the 14th amendment's equal protection of the laws. This case did not automatically fix malapportionment but allowed jurisdiction to be decided in the state courts. 

]]> 2023-04-20 18:34:40 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562281396 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562281462 2023-04-20 18:34:43 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562281462 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562281697  Ruled states had to reapportion by the 1966 election. “One person, one vote” expresses the principle of equal representation in voting. 30 states pass a call for a constitutional convention. The outcome improved democracy by equalization of the distribution of state resources for education, roads, hospitals, and public improvements. Equal apportionment affects America today because after the census is conducted every 10 years the commission will ]]> 2023-04-20 18:34:55 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562281697 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562281898 - have to follow the laws that the legislature creates

- manages the courts budget

- has to approve supreme justices]]> 2023-04-20 18:35:07 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562281898 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562281909 The legislative branch can impeach the president and the supreme court. The house of representatives has the sole power of impeachment and the Senate has the power to try all impeachments. 

]]> 2023-04-20 18:35:08 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562281909 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562282293 2023-04-20 18:35:30 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562282293 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562282688 A bill is drafted by people/lobby makers/ Congressmen and sent to the House or Senate. This bill has to be passed by one side and then is sent to the other side to be approved before it can go to the president.. It then goes to the president for them to approve or veto. If the president vetoes the bill, both sides of Congress can override the bill with a 2/3's vote. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:35:52 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562282688 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562282704 Is the idea that SCOTUS should let past precedents stand, and not overturn them to keep decisions by the government consistent and less confusing to the public.]]> 2023-04-20 18:35:53 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562282704 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562282819 2023-04-20 18:35:59 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562282819 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562283034 The Supreme Court is the last stop for appeals cases, so it is the last opportunity for many plaintiffs to get justice. Many landmark cases arose as a result of plaintiffs feeling that their fundamental rights have been neglected or outright denied. SC decisions can influence federal and state policy. Some decisions rule in the favor of citizens' rights, while others prioritize law/order/traditionalism.]]> 2023-04-20 18:36:10 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562283034 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562283427 Although the bureaucracy is not directly mentioned in the Constitution, the amount of responsibilities given to the president anticipates some form of a bureaucracy]]> 2023-04-20 18:36:31 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562283427 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562284036 - can pass the presidents veto 

- manage the presidential budget

-indirect control on the beurocrocys]]> 2023-04-20 18:37:05 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562284036 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562284282 Executive Orders are issued by the president to one or more agency or organization within the executive branch. It allows him or her to, as the Constitution directs, "take care that the laws be faithfully executed" (Article 2, Section 3) For example a president may use this if they can not get legislation they support passed.
Executive Agreements are agreement s made by the President of the United States and another foreign head of state that does not require a formal treaty. It also does not subject to Senate approval.
Bargaining and Persuasion is the ability of the president to use the power of the office in order to get members of Congress to agree with him or her on legislative priorities
Signing Statements is an addition issued by the President that accompanies the signing of a law. These are often controversial because their legal status remains uncertain but it is a way for presidents to clarify legislation.
Foreign Policy- the president can conduct foreign policy and influence relations with other countries.

]]> 2023-04-20 18:37:20 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562284282 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562285023 - mobilize and educate voteers
- recruit candidates
- manage campaigns for candidates
- fundraise money and use media strategy to shape public opinion
- act as a linkage institution: A linkage institution is a channel that connects people with the government and keeps people informed and trying to shape public opinion and policy. A political party is an example of this because it connects people of similar ideas to each other and together they work together to persuade others of their ideas and wants for the nation. For example creating TV ads to persuade people to vote for a party's sponsored candidate

]]> 2023-04-20 18:38:08 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562285023 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562285118 The Designated Survivor is randomly chosen head of a department of the Cabinet that stays in a secure location during the State of the Union address so that should any event happen where the entire line of succession clears while they are all in the same building, the designated survivor assumes the role of the president]]> 2023-04-20 18:38:14 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562285118 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562285126 The Democratic National Committee (DNC)  & The Republican National Committee (RNC) are the organizations that  govern the Democratic and Republican Party.

• Both political parties have non-lawmaking committees in each house of Congress. 
  • National Republican Senatorial Committee (NRSC)
  • National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC)
  • Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee (DSCC)
  • Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC)
    
    

]]> 2023-04-20 18:38:15 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562285126 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562285355 In the current day, the president runs with an agenda that aligns with a specific ideology/political view this then affects the appointment to the cabinet, court appointments, and ambassadors. This also applies to the legislation or projects they will sign and endorse. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:38:28 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562285355 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562285378 -With consent and advice from Senate to make treaties 
-Appoint ambassadors, public ministers, council, and judges of the supreme court and others that don't get elected by law with the consent of the Senate. 
-Veto/pocket veto 
-Commander-in-chief ]]> 2023-04-20 18:38:29 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562285378 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562285742 Writing and Enforcing Regulations- authority to interpret laws and make those laws more specific when enforcing 
Monitoring and Issuing Fines: Enforce laws by issuing fines for those who don't follow. Also have the authority to issue inspections. Ex: OSHA employees inspecting a work site making sure it complies with all of their polices. 
Testify in front of Congress- provide oversight to congress in advising in cases 
---cabinet and officials seen as experts


]]> 2023-04-20 18:38:50 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562285742 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562285752 2023-04-20 18:38:51 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562285752 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562286222 Activism: the idea that SC justices can and should interpret the Constitution in a looser way, allowing for greater use of judicial review. A justice who would practice judicial activism would be likely to overturn things or declare them unconstitutional.]]> 2023-04-20 18:39:20 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562286222 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562286445 2023-04-20 18:39:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562286445 liamgigg9105 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562286806 The bill of rights was written to protect people from being oppressed by the government. It is often used in court cases to justify what the defendant did. There are 10 amendments protecting people and their rights.  ]]> 2023-04-20 18:39:59 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562286806 loiejone6993 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562286891 Living constitionalists believe that the constitution should be interpreted and held to todays standard. Living constitutionalists are typically liberal.]]> 2023-04-20 18:40:04 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562286891 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562287560 Restraint: the idea that SC justices should not personally interpret the law themselves, but rather through a lens of the Constitution. Closely parallels originalist view of the constitution. A justice who would practice judicial restraint would be likely to respect precedent and NOT overturn things very much.]]> 2023-04-20 18:40:45 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562287560 loiejone6993 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562287868 2023-04-20 18:41:04 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562287868 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562287947 Businesses that are run by the US government 
ex. USPS, Peace Corps, US AMTRAK]]> 2023-04-20 18:41:10 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562287947 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562288014 Is one of the two ways of interpreting the constitution. Is the idea that all things in the constitution should be taken in the context of the time period and/or, only what is said in the constitution not implied. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:41:14 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562288014 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562288590 The president has 10 days to respond to a bill if not it goes to Congress. If congress is disbanded the bill gets pocket vetoed. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:41:49 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562288590 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562288665 Congress gives agencies the power to interrupt legislation and decide how to enforce laws. Ex: compliance monitoring, fines, rule-making etc. ]]> 2023-04-20 18:41:54 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562288665 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562288871 Both can be made to overturn, make void, or limit previous cases. 
Ex. Brown v Board overturned the precedent set in Plessy v Ferguson
14th Amendment overturned the precedent set in Dred Scott v Sandford]]> 2023-04-20 18:42:07 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562288871 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562288985 2023-04-20 18:42:13 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562288985 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562288990

Hosting political rallies & fundraisers.

Canvassing for votes; distributing literature & campaign items

Phone Banking & Texting

Establishing a Social Media Presence

Give money to candidates directly, with limits. The RNC and DNC, local and state party chapters, can only give up to $5000 to candidates directly per election.

]]> 2023-04-20 18:42:13 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562288990 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562288999 parties that are consistent across ideology such as the socialist party and the libertarian party]]> 2023-04-20 18:42:14 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562288999 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562289468 2023-04-20 18:42:38 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562289468 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562289547 parties that just focus on one issue (like the prohibition party)]]> 2023-04-20 18:42:44 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562289547 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562290337 SC hears a lot of cases regarding the Bill of Rights. Hears a lot of RAPPS and equal protection cases.]]> 2023-04-20 18:43:30 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562290337 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562290363 The Bureaucracy is a complex organization that has multilayered systems and processes. 

Functions of Bureaucracy: 
- rule making: regulations about how Congressional laws must be carried out (quasi-legislative)
- enforcement & fines: compliance monitoring - ongoing inspections ex. EPA & factory pollution, USDA, & farms. , administrative adjudication (quasi-judicial) - judge settles a dispute between an agency & a company. 
- testifying before Congress: cabinet secretaries & agency directors are often considered experts on their field & are asked to testify during committee hearings. 

Federal Bureaucracy: the collective agencies and employees of the executive branch that enforce the law. 
   
These are all the positions that the President uses to manage the executive branch]]> 2023-04-20 18:43:31 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2562290363 https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2566137330 The judicial branch has lifelong terms so judges are less likely to be influenced by leaders from the other branches of governments. For example, a member from the house of representatives could bribe a supreme court judge to make a certain decision to get votes from their state.]]> 2023-04-24 18:30:13 UTC https://padlet.com/tccolvard/tnxiccksaxv11842/wish/2566137330