Politics: Politics refers to the process of making collective decisions for a group or society. It involves the competition and cooperation among individuals and groups to influence government actions and public policies. Politics encompasses a wide range of activities, including voting, lobbying, campaigning, and public debate.

Governance: Governance refers to the way in which a society organizes and manages its affairs, particularly in relation to decision-making, authority, and the exercise of power. It encompasses the processes and institutions through which societies manage their resources, resolve conflicts, and make and implement decisions.

1. State Power: State power refers to the ability of a government to control its territory, enforce laws, and maintain order. This power can be exercised through various means, such as military force, economic sanctions, or diplomacy.

2. National Power: National power refers to the ability of a nation to achieve its goals and protect its interests in the international system. This power can be measured in terms of economic, military, and diplomatic capabilities.

1. Nation: A nation traditionally refers to a group of people who share common characteristics such as language, culture, history, and identity. In the age of globalization, the concept of a nation is being influenced by increased transnational movement, communication, and cultural exchange.

2. State: A state is a political entity with defined territorial boundaries, a government, and the capacity to exercise authority over its population. In the era of globalization, states are facing challenges to their sovereignty and autonomy as global economic, political, and social forces

3. Nation-State: A nation-state is a political entity where the boundaries of a state align with the boundaries of a specific nation. In the age of globalization, the concept of the nation-state is being challenged by the increasing movement of people, ideas, and capital across borders.

Politics is the way that people living in groups make decisions. Politics is about making agreements between people so that they can live together in groups such as tribes, cities, or countries. In large groups, such as countries, some people may spend a lot of their time making such agreements.

An ideology is a set of opinions or beliefs of a group or an individual. Very often ideology refers to a set of political beliefs or a set of ideas that characterize a particular culture. Capitalism, communism, socialism, and Marxism are ideologies. But not all -ism words are.

The main purpose behind an ideology is to offer either change in society, or adherence to a set of ideals where conformity already exists, through a normative thought process. Ideologies are systems of abstract thought applied to public matters and thus make this concept central to politics.

the ability to influence people and events. This form of power comes from individual characteristics rather than formal authority. Personal power is more of an attitude or state of mind. Someone with strong personal power is focused on their self-efficacy and ability to cooperate with others.

Social power is used to exert control over others according to the interests and motivations of the person(s) in power. Generally, social power is characterized by tradition, charisma, and rational-legal authority.

The role of the nation-state in a global world is largely a regulatory one as the chief factor in global interdependence. While the domestic role of the nation-state remains largely unchanged, states that were previously isolated are now forced to engage with one another to set international commerce policies.

The presence of a state can encourage ethnogenesis, and a group with a pre-existing ethnic identity can influence the drawing of territorial boundaries or argue for political legitimacy a period of time when there is a prevailing sense of the interconnectedness of all human beings, of a common fate for the human species and of a threat to its life on this Eart .a territory where all the people are led by the same government.

I've learned about the definitions of Power, Authority, and Force where; Power is the ability to influence the behavior of others with or without resistance. And authority is used for power perceived as legitimate by the social structure. While Force is defined as actual or threatened use of coercion to impose one's will on others. There are different forms/types of power and these are Economic Power, Social Power, Political Power, Knowledge Power, Military Power, and Ideological Power. We also discussed about the Consequences of Power such as Compliance (readiness or act of agreeing to do something), Commitment (very unlikely consequence if coercive power is employed), and last is Resistance (to refuse or to oppose).

In this lesson, I've learned what is State, What is Nation, and What is Nation-State. A state is a territory with its own institutions and populations. A nation is a large group of people who inhabit a specific territory and are connected by history, culture, or another commonality. A nation-state would be a sovereign territory with one group of individuals who share a common history.

📌Lesson 5: State and Nation in the age of Globalization

I've learned that Globalization is a process of interaction and integration of every landscape in the planet. And there are types of Globalization which are Globalization of Communications and Transportation, Economic Globalization, and Cultural Globalization.

Nation. The definition of a nation is a body of people in a particular location with a distinct government.

State. “A state is a community of persons more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, independent of external control and possessing an organized government”.

In our lesson 05 I've learned about the definition of globalization (Globalization is a process if interaction and integration of every landscape in the planet). And i also learned the Two Theories on Globalization. hyperglobalists argue that the world had evolved these past years. National economies are now part of a global economy where international financial markets and transnational dominate.

GAS-1 LESSON 1

LESSON 1 presents the basic discussions to introduce the nature, concept and theoretical framework of governance. It also provides students an understanding of the difference of governance from government as well as its evolution which will eventually develop students ability to apply these concepts to current issues on governance and development.

Knowledge is knowledge only when the students do at their best on what they learn. In each lesson are learning activities, concept development and drills/exercises. Productive and constructive teaching methodologies are presented. and hopefully utilize to build the student's competencies which include among others: professional writing style, oral presentation skills, critical analytical thinking skills, political and administrative decision-making systems, discipline-specific knowledge (government, non-profit management, and corporate management skills), public service skills, research skills, proper documentation, library skills, technology skills, and globalization

Governance refers to all processes of governing, the institutions, processes and practices through which issues of common concern are decided upon and regulated. Good governance adds a normative or evaluative attribute to the process of governing.

GAS-1 LESSON 2

LESSON 2 gives students a critical understanding of the role of the different key players/actors in the governance process. This will encourage them to develop their own ideas for enhancing participation in governance and improving accountability of the state.In social studies, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order.Ideologies bring about change when they change the thinking of masses of people. These people are then persuaded to vote for public policies and candidates who espouse the ideologies that create cultural changes.

GAS-1 LESSON 3

LESSON 3 discusses the definition and the elements or characteristics of good governance as introduced by different institutions and organizations.Power is its broadest sense, power is one's ability to achieve the desired outcome.

However, in political terms, power is the ability to influence another-the way one thinks or behaves in a manner not of his or her own choosing (Lasswell 1936). It thus involves one's capacity to get things done, and to make someone do something he or she would not otherwise do.

Political power involves three interrelated concepts: legitimacy, authority, and sovereignty. According to Roskin et al. (2012), legitimacy refers to the people's perception that their government rules rightfully, and thus must be obeyed. Sovereignty, on the other hand, speaks of the ability of a national government to be the sole leader, which has the last word of law in that society. Lastly, authority is seen as the political leader's ability to command respect and exercise powerCore elements of good governance include transparency, integrity, lawfulness, sound policy, participation, accountability, responsiveness, and the absence of corruption and wrongdoing.Good governance means that processes and institutions produce results that meet the needs of society while making the best use of resources at their disposal.

GAS-1 LESSON 4-5

LESSON 4-5 It defines a state as a political community living under a single government, while a nation is a stable community sharing common culture, language, and identity.

The nation state is a system of organization defined by geography, politics, and culture. The nation is cultural identity that is shared by the people, and the state is the governing administration. A nation state must have a shared national identity, physical borders, and a single government.

The Philippines is a self-governing independent 'Nation-State' because it has its own citizens, government, and territory… therefore it is a sovereign country

Politics is a form of power used to govern nations or states. It's viewed in four ways: as an art of government, as public affairs, as compromise and consensus, and as power itself. It's about making agreements to allow people to live together in groups, whether it's tribes, cities, or countries.

Governance, on the other hand, is the process of decision-making within an organization or society. It encourages efficient use of resources and accountability. Governance influences how objectives are set and achieved, how risk is monitored and addressed, and how performance is optimized.

Politics:Politics refers to the activities, actions, and processes related to governance and the exercise of power within a society. It encompasses the competition for authority, the formation of policies, and the distribution of resources and benefits.

Governance: Governance refers to the manner in which authority is exercised and decisions are made within a particular entity or organization, such as a government, institution, or community. It involves the processes, structures, and mechanisms through which power is managed, policies are formulated and implemented, and resources are allocated. Effective governance typically entails transparency, accountability, participation, and responsiveness to the needs and interests of stakeholders.

State is a political entity with defined geographic boundaries that has sovereignty – it exercises power and control over its territory.

Nation-State is a state that is ruled in the name of a community of citizens who identify themselves as a nation.

In also I learned that in the age of globalization, the concepts of state and nation are evolving. Globalization has made the world more interconnected and interdependent, leading to a diffusion of authority and power away from traditional nation-states. On one hand, it has brought nations closer together through trade, communication, and cultural exchange.

"she had me under her power" and many types of power like coercive power, expert power (doctor), referent power(artista), legitimate power, purchase power, many have power in society like president have, military power, veto power, to pardining, a point

• Executive

• Legislative

• Judiciary

Meanwhile, GOVERNANCE, on the other hand is considered as the MANAGEMENT or ACTIONS TO BE DONE in order to manage a particular country.

Their differences enlighten me and made me realized that there are still complicated things within the Politics that is really hard to understand

• Liberalism

• Neoliberalism

• Conservatism

• Individualism

• Individualism

• Socialism

• Anarchism

These political ideologies help a particular country to be shape and to execute a none-existing laws.

Reward Power is a power a leader has that allows them to give a reward to an employee as an incentive to improve.

Purchasing power refers to how much you can buy with your money.

Expert power involves having expertise in a specific area and confidently sharing your knowledge with others.

Coercive power is the ability of a manager to force an employee to follow an order by threatening the employee with punishment if the employee does not comply with the order.

The simplest referent power definition is a type of power that stems from a leader's ability to inspire and influence others.

Legitimate power is power you derive from your formal position or office held in the organization's hierarchy of authority.

organized polical community living

under a single system of government and

may or may not be sovereign and learn about lesson Nation is considered as the permanent community of individual which is associated through common language, history, ethics, values,customs,history etc. According to the question, similarity present in nation and state as nation is considered as ruling state and state tends to have ruling government.

Understanding the complexities of nation, state, and nation-state dynamics in the age of globalization is crucial for policymakers, scholars, and citizens alike as they navigate the complexities of our increasingly interconnected world.

States have four elements, population, territory, government, sovereignty

Nation - state a types of state that joins the political entity of a state to the cultural entity od a nation, form which it aims to derive its political legitimacy to rule and potentially its status as a sovereign state if one accepts the declarative theory of statehood as opposed to the constitutive theory

GOVERNMENT AND GOVERNANCE

Government is group of people who rule or run the administration of a country. In other hand, Governance is directing and controlling, a group of people or a state.

I also learned the POLITICAL VALUE AND THE VALUE OF POLITICS.

Political Value - believe in that relates to how government should operates, and whom should be serve and not serve, who pays for it and who benefits.

Value of Politics - talks about the value of politics in each individual.

• Socialism • Neoliberalism

•Facism •Liberalism

•Feminism •Convervatism

•Anarchism •Reactionism

•Religious fundamental

•Nationalism •Communism

-Each ideologies have their unique purposes.

-It is offer approach on how addressing the societal needs and values.

Of the politics and governance, the politics is the process of making decision that apply to member of a member group, it refersbto achieving and exercising position if the governance organized control over a human community partically state and the governance is the process of making and enforcing decisions within an organization or society political economic and administrative authority to manage a nations affair.

• I have learned about politics and governance in the Philippines is important because it describes much of society's behavior and power composition. It includes deciding on, distributing resources and determining which societal groups have the most control. Civil society is critical primarily for interrogating the government and fighting for people's speech and aspirations.

In second week of the lesson in political ideology I Learned that In social studies, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social Ideologies, or the science of ideas, in politics these ideologies plays a very important part when it comes to governing a country. nationalism, religious fundamentalism and feminism are the current political ideologies that plays a relevant part in our society today.

• on the third lesson of across nature of power, its forms and consequences, there is one quote that seemed to encapsulate that nature: "Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man's character, give him power." Encapsulation of that particular quote does seem to encapsulate the depth truths about human nature and power. the ability to influence people and events.this form of power comes from individual characteristics.

POWER-the capacity or ability to direct or influence the behavior of others or the course of events.

I learned that understanding power involves recognizing its presence in various forms, such as authority, influence, and control over others.

Acknowledging the consequences of power helps us navigate its complexities and work towards creating more equitable and just societies.

There are 5 types of power:

•Legitimate • Referent

•Coercive •Expert • Reward

And 3 consequences of power which are: •compliance, •commitment and •resistance.

means of rule over a defined or “sovereignty". Four Elements of the There are four elements of State

Population,Territory,Government, Sovereignty.

Meanwhile in lesson 5 I learned about globalization, Globalization is a process that is slowly changing things into one complexity scheme. Globalization have 3 types economic globalization, cultural globalization and globalization in communication and transportation

nd cultural issues,While the domestic role of the nation-state remains largely unchanged, states that were previously isolated are now forced to engage with one another to set international commerce policies.

In the age of globalization, the concepts of nation, state, and nation-state are evolving. What is nation, state and nation-state based on my learning? A nation refers to a group of people who share common characteristics such as culture, language, history, or ethnicity. A state, on the other hand, is a political entity with defined borders, a government, and sovereignty over its territory and people. A nation-state is a political entity where the boundaries of the state largely coincide with the boundaries of the nation. This means that the majority of people within the state identify with the same nation. Its like Japan, they have their own culture, language, history and so on and also they have territory, sovereignty and so on also.

However, globalization has led to increased interconnectedness between countries, blurring the lines between states and nations. It has facilitated the movement of people, ideas, goods, and capital across borders, challenging traditional notions of sovereignty and national identity which can lead to a multicultural community (country like The United States). As a result, there are now states with diverse populations composed of multiple nations, and there are nations spread across multiple states. Additionally, international organizations and agreements, such as the European Union, further complicate the relationship between states and nations, why? they are allowing other people who have different beliefs, culture to go to another nation/states that has their own different culture. A system like that can complicate the interconnectedness of the organization for example, communicating with other people who don't understanf your language. In this globalized world, states must navigate complex relationships with other states and non-state, while also addressing the diverse needs and identities of their populations. This can lead to tensions between national interests and global interconnectedness, as well as debates over issues such as immigration, trade, and cultural identity.

11 (GAS1) - CORINTHIANS

The thing I've learned in lesson 1 is all about the Concept of Politics and Governance. I've learned that the word "politics" is about the process of making decisions. It is the study or practice of the distribution of power and resources within a given community, it is from the Greek word "polis" which means "affairs of the cities". And also, the difference between Government and Governance. Government is a group of people who rule or run the administration of a country. It is the one who governs and controls the state. While Governance is refers to the manner in which authority is exercise and the decisions are made, governance comes from the Latin verb "gubernare", or more originally from the Greek word "kubernaein" which means "to steer".

11 (GAS1) - CORINTHIANS

Political ideologies are systems of beliefs and values that shape individuals' perspectives on governance, society, and the economy. Learning about these ideologies is crucial for critical thinking, engagement in political discussions, and policy evaluation. It provides insight into historical events and social movements, enabling learners to navigate complex political landscapes and contribute to community development.

11 (GAS1) - CORINTHIANS

My learnings in Lesson 3: Nature, Forms and Consequences of Power. Power can be understood as the ability to influence or control others and the world around us. It takes various forms, including political power, economic power, social power, and personal power. Political power is wielded by governments and institutions, economic power by corporations and wealthy individuals, social power by influential groups and networks, and personal power by individuals within their spheres of influence. The consequences of power can be both positive and negative, depending on how it is exercised. It can lead to progress, stability, and positive change, but also to oppression, inequality, and abuse. Understanding power dynamics is important for us to promote justice and equality in society.

11 (GAS1) - CORINTHIANS

In this week, I've learned about The Nation, State, and Nation state in the age of globalization. A nation refers to a group of people who share a common identity, typically based on factors like culture, language, history, or ethnicity. This shared identity fosters a sense of belonging and solidarity among its members. A state, on the other hand, is a political entity with defined boundaries, a government, and sovereignty over its territory. It has the authority to enact laws, govern its citizens, and engage in relations with other states. When a nation and a state coincide, forming a political entity where the majority of citizens share a common identity and are governed by a single state apparatus, it's termed a nation-state. In essence, a nation-state embodies both the cultural cohesion of a nation and the political organization of a state, representing a powerful fusion of identity and governance.

The significant learning that I have acquired on this lesson was the distinction of POWER, AUTHORITY and FORCE. To put into my own words and understanding,

• POWER is to influence without resistance

• AUTHORITY is perceived legitimate by the use of position / social structure

• FORCE is by the means of threats

Furthermore, this lesson also taught the taxonomy of powers wherein there are different types of powers that the people uses as their advantages. Some of the examples are;

• Economic Power

• Ideological Power

• Political Power

• Social Power

• Knowledge Power

• Legitimate Power , etc.

Lastly, consequences of power had been also discussed wherein COMPLIANCE is an act of agreeing to do something; COMMITMENT is a total dedication to do something; RESISTANCE is to oppose or refuse something.

• NATION was commonly formed by the basis of LANGUAGES, TERRITORY, LIFE ETHNICITY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL.

• STATE has a SOVEREIGNTY

• NATION-STATE has a combination of the two.

Meanwhile, GLOBALIZATION has been also discussed wherein the learnings that I have acquired here was GLOBALIZATION was continuous due to the fact that with the help of GLOBALIZATION, each country could be able to cope up with the standards of the other countries and our country(Philippines) could be also be developed.

In the first lesson of the week, I learned about the concepts of governance and politics. I learned that governance is the process of making and enforcing decisions within an organization or society, political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's affairs. Politics is the process of making decisions that apply to members of a member group; it refers to achieving and exercising position if the governance organized control over a human community, specifically state.

GOVERNMENT, the politics AS PUBLIC

AFFAIRS, the politics AS

COMPROMISE

AND

CONSENSUS and politics as power.

Political governance is the process of decision-making to formulate policy. Administrative governance is the system of policy implementation. Encompassing all three, good governance defines the processes and structures that guide political and socio-economic relationships.