What have I learned? by ALONDRA NICTE OVIEDO TORRES

1.1 Verb to be

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The verb to be is the fundamental verb used to indicate the existence of an entity (person, object, abstraction) or to relate an entity to its qualities or characteristics. In linguistics, it is sometimes known as a copula. For example

Hello, My name is Carolina, and I am 17 yers old.
Are you eating shushi?

1.1 Personal nouns

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Use to talk about people (singular, plural) animals and objets

I
You /singular
He
She
It
We
You / Plural
They

1.1 Greetings introductions and goodbyes

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All about simple conversations

1.2 Word order in questions

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The WH- object pronouns make the sentence take the word order of a question:
(Question Word) + Object pronoun + Auxiliary + Subject + Infinitive

In Simple present questions
Example:

Do you speak other lenguage?
Does she study medicine?
What is your favoritve song?

Use:
 Do - I, You, We, They
Does- She, He , It

1.3 Prepositions of place: at, on, in.

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Specific At: Ex. at home/at night
|
| On: Ex. on corner/onFriday
General In: Ex. in London/ in The 80's

1.4 Possessive adjectives

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Possesive Adjetives
I-------my
You----your
He-----his
She----her
It------its
We----our
You----your
They---their

Example

I like her backpack, it's so funny
You need to bring your dictionary

1.5 Discriptive Text

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In descriptive writing, the author does not just tell the reader what was seen, felt, tested, smelled, or heard. Rather, the author describes something from their own experience and, through careful choice of words and phrasing, makes it seem real. Descriptive writing is vivid, colorful, and detailed.

Authors of descriptive writing use a variety of styles and techniques to connect with readers, but effective descriptive writing often shares these characteristics:

Vivid details. Specific details paint a picture in the reader’s mind and appeal to the reader's senses. Descriptive writing may also go beyond creating a strong sensory impression to give the reader a “picture” of the feelings the description evokes in the writer.
Figurative language. Tools of the writer’s craft such as analogy, simile, and metaphor add depth to authors’ descriptions.
Precise language. General adjectives, nouns, and passive verbs are used sparingly. Instead, specific adjectives and nouns and strong action verbs give life to the picture being painted in the reader's mind.
Thoughtful organization. Some ways to organize descriptive writing include: chronological (time), spatial (location), and order of importance. Descriptive writing about a person might begin with a physical description, followed by how the person thinks, feels and acts.

My opinion

323300168 — 2022-10-02 19:20:11 UTC

I liked the contain of the unit 1. It is simple but i think it is important to study to start talking english. The topics are correct and easy to learn

1.6 Family members

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2.1 Qualitative Adjectives

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A qualitative adjective is used to describe the features or qualities of a noun (a person, place, thing, idea). They are “gradable,” with superlative, comparative and positive forms. They are generally found before the word they modify but can be seen throughout the sentence

Examples

That ox is big, strong and has a huge horn
Some flower smell sweet
My brother's shoes are white
This place is wonderful

about me

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I am quiet, gentle, curious, smart, tall

2.2 Demonstrative Adjectives

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A demonstrative adjective is an adjective used to specifically describe the position of something or someone in space or time. The most commonly used demonstrative adjectives are this, that, these, and thosee

2.3 There is, There are

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYrdo62iLYo

There is There are= Hay

2.4 The indefinite article: a/an.

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We use the indefinite article, a/an, with singular nouns when the listener/reader does not know exactly which one we are referring to
We also use it to show that the person or thing is one of a group

We use a before a consonant sound:

a pen
a student

and an before a vowel sound:

an umbrella
an hour (/au/)

2.5 Quantifiers

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Quantifiers express an indeterminate quantity and always precede a noun, article or determiner. Some of the most common quantifiers are: some/any, much/many, (a) few/(a) little, lots of/a lot of y enough.

Example:
All my classmates like Ariana Grande
I don't have any pets
Many people like red color

2.6 Prepositions to indicate location

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Prepositions of location are words that are used to describe the place where a certain object is at a certain time. For you to achieve in identification of prepositions of direction, then you have to ensure that you answer the question where.

Types of Prepositions of Location:

At

‘At’ is a preposition of location that is used to specify the point where an object or person is at the moment. It indicates an exact position of an object. (To indicate means to show) Examples of its use in a sentence;

Joshua works at the bank.

‘In’ is a preposition of location that is used to describe an enclosed space. It tells us that the noun is covered everywhere by something hence inside. Below are some of the examples:

The ball is in the box.

This preposition indicates a position that is open and on the surface. You should use ‘on’ when the object being described is in contact with something on the surface. Below are its examples:

The shoes are on the floor.

Above

This preposition is used to describe a position that is at a higher level from a particular surface. A case in a sentence:

The plane flew above the clouds.

Below

This preposition describes something that is at a lower level than a referenced surface. An example in a sentence is:

The divers went 500 meters below the sea level.

Next to

Next to is used to describe a position just beside the referenced object of person. This preposition can be used interchangeably with beside. An example in a sentence;

I was seated next to the company manager.

In between

This preposition describes space separated by two objects. An example of its application is:

The baby crawled in between her legs.

Behind

Behind is a preposition that describes a position at the back of something.

The rude boy was hiding behind the main house after beating his friend.

Under

‘Under’ is used to describe a surface just below another surface.

2.7 Asking for and giving directions

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https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Giving_directions/Asking_and_giving_directions_vy975552tk

2.8 The definite article "the"

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We use the definite article in front of a noun when we believe the listener/reader knows exactly what we are referring to:

because there is only one
because there is only one in that context
because we have already mentioned it
to say something about all the things referred to by a noun
to refer to a system or service
We can also use the definite article with adjectives like rich, poor, elderly and unemployed to talk about groups of people

The definite article with names

We do not normally use the definite article with names:

William Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
Paris is the capital of France.
Iran is in Asia.

But we do use the definite article with:

countries whose names include words like kingdom, states or republic:

the United Kingdom | the Kingdom of Bhutan
the United States | the People's Republic of China

countries which have plural nouns as their names:

the Netherlands | the Philippines

geographical features, such as mountain ranges, groups of islands, rivers, seas, oceans and canals:

the Himalayas | the Canaries | the Atlantic (Ocean) | the Amazon | the Panama Canal

newspapers:

The Times | The Washington Post

well-known buildings or works of art:

the Empire State Building | the Taj Mahal | the Mona Lisa

organisations:

the United Nations | the Seamen's Union

hotels, pubs and restaurants:

the Ritz | the Ritz Hotel | the King's Head | the Déjà Vu

But note that we do not use the definite article if the name of the hotel or restaurant is the name of the owner:

Brown's | Brown's Hotel | Morel's | Morel's Restaurant

families:

the Obamas | the Jacksons

2.9 Our favorite artwork (project)

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My opinion

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The topics in this unit are completed and important to make simple sentences, an example:

Asking for and giving directions
Preposition to indicate location
Qualitative Adjectives

I think these topics are essentially about starting and making conversations with different people, How to talk ,What to talk about describing objects and other things. And The other topics are use for grammar, when it's used, how it's supposed to sound/write, and the order.

3.1 Simple present tense

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The simple present is a verb tense with two main uses. We use the simple present tense when an action is happening right now, or when it happens regularly (or unceasingly, which is why it’s sometimes called present indefinite). Depending on the person, the simple present tense is formed by using the root form or by adding –s or –es to the end.

3.1 Adverbs of frequency.

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With the present simple, we often use adverbs of frequency to say 'how often' we do something.

We usually put these adverbs in the middle of the sentence, between the subject and the verb:

I allways drink a lot of water
She sometimes learn the news
We never go to a party alone

We can also put them at the very beginning or end of the sentence. This makes them stronger:

Often I go to the cinema.
I go to the cinema often.
But never: ~~I go often to the cinema.~~

3.2 Forming Gerunds

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In English grammar, a gerund (jer-ənd) is a verb with an “-ing” ending that functions as a noun in a sentence. A gerund can be the subject of the sentence (e.g., “Running is his favorite activity.”), the direct object (e.g., “He enjoys running”), the indirect object (e.g., “He made running a priority.”), or the object of a preposition (e.g., “Besides running, he likes camping.”).

How to Form a Gerund

Forming a gerund is straightforward:

1. Select a verb. To create a gerund, first select an infinitive-form action verb to use, like “to jump” or “to sing.”
2. Give it an -ing ending. Next, take the verb and give it an -ing ending to create the gerund form of the verb, like “jumping” or “singing.”
3. Treat it as a noun in a sentence. Once you have a verb with an -ing verb ending, use it in a sentence in place of a noun to form a gerund: For example, “Jumping rope is my favorite form of exercise.”

3.2 Like + Verb-Ing Like + Infinitive enjoy + verb-ing

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Like + ing

We can use like, don't like, love, hate and don't mind + ing to say how we feel about an activity.

I like going to the park.
She loves playing games.
They hate cleaning.

Enjoy + verb-ing

We enjoy playing cards.

After enjoy we have the verb ending in ING, in this case playing. We CANNOT say:

We enjoy to play cards. (This is NOT correct).

It is NOT possible to use enjoy + an infinitive.
Another example:

He enjoys going to the cinema.

enjoy + verb-ing, in this case going. This is correct.
We do NOT say:

He enjoys TO GO to the cinema. … This is NOT correct!

3.2 If we want to stop future pandemics, biodiversity matters now more than ever

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3.3 Zero Conditional

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The zero conditional is a type of conditional that is used to express a cause-effect relationship in facts that are always true (scientific facts, particular facts, etc.) or to give instructions.
STRUCTURE
If + sujeto + present simple, sujeto + present simple

Examples:
If it rains, don't go to the playground.
If you have a dog, you have to take it for a walk.

Zero conditional

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3.4 Simple past tense with regular verbs

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The simple past is used to describe an action that occurred and was completed in the past. The simple past is formed by adding –ed to the base form of the verb (the infinitive without to).

base form | + ed = | simple past
walk | walked
push | pushed
greet | greeted
cover | covered
For regular verbs ending in the vowel -e, add –d.

There are several irregularities in the spelling of regular verbs in the simple past. Similarly, there are different ways to pronounce the simple past ending – see the lesson on pronunciation of the Simple Past –ed ending.

For the very few English verbs that end in a vowel other than -e, add –ed.

base form | | simple past
ski | skied
echo | echoed

Exceptions: The verbs DO and GO are irregular: See below.

For regular verbs that end in a vowel+y, add –ed.

Exceptions: The verbs SAY and BUY are irregular: See below.

For regular verbs that end in a consonant+y, change the –y to –i and add –ed.

Exception: The verb FLY is irregular: See below.

For regular verbs ending in a consonant + vowel + consonant, double the final consonant before adding -ed.

Some irregular verbs

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Some Regular verbs

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Simple Past: Negatives and Questions

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My opinion

323300168 — 2022-12-05 01:01:22 UTC

during unit 3 i learned about zero conditonal
I reinforced about gerunds and adverbs of frequency, I was very interested in the zero conditional part, since I was also seeing it in another class, which helped me understand it not only in Spanish but also in English, being one of my favorite topics in this unit

4.1 What are some of the most frequent activities you do in the Internet?

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Search information
See news
Watch videos, series or movies
Download music, photos, videos
Play games
Chat with family and friends

4.4 Oversharing

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4.3 My favorite Internet Actvities

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Modal Of deduction

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We can use modal verbs for deduction – guessing if something is true using the available information. The modal verb we choose shows how certain we are about the possibility. This page focuses on making deductions about the present or future.

We use the modal verbs might, may and could + an infinitive form without to when we think it is possible that something is true. We use must when we are sure it is true and can’t when we are sure it isn’t true.

Modal Verbs

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Types of modal verbs
must

We use must when we feel sure that something is true or it's the only realistic possibility.

This must be her house. I can see her car in the garage.
He must live near here because he always walks to work.
Come inside and get warm. You must be freezing out there!

might, may, could

We use might, may or could to say that we think something is possible but we're not sure.

She's not here yet. She might be stuck in traffic.
He's not answering. He could be in class.
We regret to inform you that some services may be delayed due to the bad weather.

They all have the same meaning, but may is more formal than might and could.

can't

We use can't when we feel sure that something is not possible.

It can't be far now. We've been driving for hours.
She can't know about the complaint. She's promoted him to team leader.
It can't be easy for him, looking after three kids on his own.

Modal Verbs

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4.5 Reading and writting skills development task

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Developing reading skills

Reading extensively inside and outside classrooms helps to improve the learners' reading skills.When preparing a lesson plan, teachers need to think that learners want various skills at different ages and competency levels. Teachers should use learner-related contexts whenever possible, as this will help them motivate students to read. Some of your learners have complained that reading is boring and they do not want to read the texts you have given them - what should you do? Choose the same types of texts that learners enjoy reading outside the classroom and design motivating pre-reading and post-reading tasks to go with them. They would probably enjoy doing the reading task as they are acquainted with it already. After relieving their boredom, you could introduce academic reading comrehension, poetry or prose.

4.6 Final Task An Infographic.

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My opinion

323300168 — 2022-12-16 01:28:48 UTC

I really like this unit, and thanks to it, I learned more about modal verbs and what each one means, when they are used and on what types of occasions and thanks to different jobs I learned not to rush and to listen and read well