LECTURE 10. "LARGE CITIES OF THE UK" BY ED-301 YELUBAY ZARIN by https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze Сделано на позитиве en-us 2021-11-03 09:37:13 UTC 2021-11-03 10:06:03 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f1ec-1f1e7.png "LARGE CITIES OF THE UK" zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864133044 2021-11-03 09:38:24 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864133044 London  , England zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864133486 2021-11-03 09:38:41 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864133486 The biggest cities of the United Kingdom are also great industrial and cultural centres. The biggest city of the country is London. The population of Greater London is now over 8 million people. Lots of men and women crowd the city at day-time. They are engaged in the vast international business of London which has made it like no other place in the world. Many of the present-day commercial, financial, and civic institutions of the city have their roots in the 16th century, and some go even deeper. London is also a cultural centre of the England. The British Museum, located here is the largest in the world. In the evening you may choose between more than 50 theatres of the city. Among most famous city attractions are also Buckingham Palace, the Houses of Parliament, St. Paul’s Cathedral, Westminster Abbey, the Tower of London and many others. zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864133959 2021-11-03 09:38:58 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864133959 zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864135689 2021-11-03 09:39:59 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864135689 Birmingham  , England zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864137434 2021-11-03 09:41:00 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864137434 zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864138315 2021-11-03 09:41:33 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864138315 Birmingham, second largest city of the United Kingdom and a metropolitan borough in the West Midlands metropolitan county. It lies near the geographic centre of England, at the crossing points of the national railway and motorway systems. Birmingham is the largest city of the West Midlands conurbation—one of England’s principal industrial and commercial areas—for which it acts as an administrative, recreational, and cultural centre. The city lies approximately 110 miles (177 km) northwest of London.Birmingham remains the chief centre of Britain’s light and medium industry and is still sometimes described as “the city of 1,001 different trades.” The key to its economic success was the diversity of its industrial base, though it has been principally concerned with the metal and engineering trades. The largest single industry in terms of employment is the production of motor vehicles. Bicycles and motorcycles are made in the area, though the bicycle trade has declined. The city is also one of the main centres of the machine-tool industry. Since the 1970s, however, the city’s service sector has grown to rival the manufacturing sector. zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864138695 2021-11-03 09:41:47 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864138695 Liverpool , England zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864140409 2021-11-03 09:42:52 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864140409 Liverpool, city and seaport, northwestern England, forming the nucleus of the metropolitan county of Merseyside in the historic county of Lancashire. The city proper, which is a metropolitan borough of Merseyside, forms an irregular crescent along the north shore of the Mersey estuary a few miles from the Irish Sea. The docklands and several areas of the historic centre of the city collectively were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2004.The Economy of Liverpool is one of the largest within the United Kingdom, sitting at the centre of one of the two core economies within the North West of England.In 2006, the city's GVA was £7,626 million, providing a per capita figure of £17,489, which was above the North West average.Liverpool's economy has seen strong growth since the mid-1990s, with its GVA increasing 71.8% between 1995 and 2006 and employment increasing 12% between 1998 and 2006.GDP per capita was estimated to stand at $32,121 in 2014, and total GDP at $65.8 billion. zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864140998 2021-11-03 09:43:14 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864140998 zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864142411 2021-11-03 09:44:02 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864142411 Sheffield  , England zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864143179 2021-11-03 09:44:26 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864143179 zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864144054 2021-11-03 09:44:57 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864144054 Sheffield, town, city, and metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of South Yorkshire, north-central England. Sheffield lies about 160 miles (260 km) northwest of London. The city and metropolitan borough lie within the historic county of Yorkshire, except for the area around Beighton and Mosborough, which belongs to the historic county of Derbyshire. Sheffield is situated at the foot of the Pennine highlands at a point where four streams—the Sheaf, Porter, Rivelin, and Loxley—running in deep valleys converge to form the River Don.Although its industrial base underwent some shrinkage in the late 20th century, Sheffield is still a major British producer of raw steel, cutlery, and machinery. Food processing is also important. Sheffield is sited on a hill-and-valley system of great beauty, and both the moors of the Pennines and the wooded dales of Derbyshire sweep up to the very edge of the city’s residential areas. Outside the town of Sheffield, the metropolitan borough includes suburban areas and open countryside, including part of Peak District National Park. Sheffield is served by modern roads and is the major shopping and cultural centre in South Yorkshire. zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864144546 2021-11-03 09:45:16 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864144546 Bristol  , England zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864147536 2021-11-03 09:47:05 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864147536 Bristol, city and unitary authority, southwestern England. The historic centre of Bristol and the sections of the city north of the River Avon (Lower, or Bristol, Avon) were part of the historic county of Gloucestershire, while the areas south of the Avon lay within the historic county of Somerset until the creation of the county of Bristol (1373–1974) and then of the county of Avon (1974–96). When the county of Avon was abolished, Bristol became a unitary authority.Bristol is located about 120 miles (190 km) west of London at the confluence of the Rivers Avon and Frome. Just west of the city, the Avon flows into the estuary of the River Severn, which itself empties into Bristol Channel of the Atlantic Ocean, about 8 miles to the northwest. Bristol is a historic seaport and commercial centre. Area 42 square miles (110 square km). zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864148410 2021-11-03 09:47:38 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864148410 zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864148814 2021-11-03 09:47:53 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864148814 Glasgow  , Scotland zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864150203 2021-11-03 09:48:44 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864150203 Glasgow, Gaelic Glaschu, city, west-central Scotland. It is situated along both banks of the River Clyde 20 miles (32 km) from that river’s mouth on the western, or Atlantic, coast. Glasgow is Scotland’s largest city, and it forms an independent council area that lies entirely within the historic county of Lanarkshire.The city occupies much of the lower Clyde valley, and its suburbs extend into surrounding districts. Most important commercial and administrative buildings lie north of the Clyde. Area council area, 68 square miles (177 square km). Pop. (2001) council area, 577,869; urban area, 935,760; (2011) council area, 593,245; urban area, 957,620. zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864151359 2021-11-03 09:49:27 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864151359 zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864152147 2021-11-03 09:49:54 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864152147 Leicester  , England zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864152596 2021-11-03 09:50:10 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864152596 Leicester, city and unitary authority, geographic and historic county of Leicestershire, England. It lies on the River Soar and the Grand Union Canal. Although Leicester lost its city status in the 11th century, a royal charter of incorporation was granted in 1589, and in 1919 it was again officially recognized as a city. The Church of St. Martin—first constructed by the Normans and then rebuilt and enlarged between the 13th and 15th centuries—became Leicester Cathedral in 1927 after the diocese of Leicester was constituted by the Church of England. Leicester has the second largest economy in the East Midlands, after Nottingham. Companies that have their principal offices or significant sites in Leicester and the surrounding area include; Brantano Footwear, Dunelm Mill, Next, Shoe Zone, Everards brewing and associated businesses, KPMG, Mazars, Cambridge & Counties Bank, HSBC and Santander banking, Hastings Insurance, British Gas, British Telecom, Caterpillar (Inc.), Topps Tiles and DHL. zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864152918 2021-11-03 09:50:23 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864152918 zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864153338 2021-11-03 09:50:39 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864153338 Edinburgh  , Scotland zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864154144 2021-11-03 09:51:09 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864154144 zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864155445 2021-11-03 09:51:49 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864155445 Edinburgh, Gaelic Dun Eideann, capital city of Scotland, located in southeastern Scotland with its centre near the southern shore of the Firth of Forth, an arm of the North Sea that thrusts westward into the Scottish Lowlands. The city and its immediate surroundings constitute an independent council area. The city and most of the council area, including the busy port of Leith on the Firth of Forth, lie within the historic county of Midlothian, but the council area also includes an area in the northwest, around South Queensferry, in the historic county of West Lothian. Edinburgh is today, as it was in the 18th century, predominantly a provider of services. Less than one-tenth of its labour force now works in the manufacturing sector, while service-related industries employ nearly seven-eighths. Edinburgh has long been an important centre for financial and legal services. The city’s institutions financed much of the development of the western United States, including ranching, railroads, timber, and mining, and thereby laid the basis for its fortune. As the centre of Scotland’s legal system, Edinburgh has a flourishing legal profession, which ranks second only to banking as the highest-paid profession in the city. The city houses a large international conference centre, built in 1995, that attracts both business and tourist trade. zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864155924 2021-11-03 09:52:04 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864155924 Leeds  , England zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864156760 2021-11-03 09:52:33 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864156760 zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864157337 2021-11-03 09:52:50 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864157337 Leeds, urban area (from 2011 built-up area), city, and metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, northern England. It lies along the River Aire about 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Manchester. The coal and iron ore deposits in the locality, a plentiful supply of soft water from the Aire’s tributaries, and the city’s excellent transportation links through the Pennines helped make it the industrial capital of Yorkshire. It is the largest city in Yorkshire and one of Britain’s major cultural centres. Leeds has more than 200 parks and open spaces. These include more than 1,500 acres (600 hectares) of woodland, farmland, and parkland designed in the 18th century by noted landscape architect Lancelot (“Capability”) Brown that surround Temple Newsam House, a Tudor-Jacobean mansion . The mansion was built between about 1500 and 1520 and was the birthplace of Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, husband of Mary, Queen of Scots. zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864157730 2021-11-03 09:53:03 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864157730 Cardiff  , Wales zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864158438 2021-11-03 09:53:27 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864158438 zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864159014 2021-11-03 09:53:48 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864159014 Cardiff, Welsh Caerdydd, city and capital of Wales. Cardiff exists as both a city and a county within the Welsh unitary authority system of local government. It is located within the historic county of Glamorgan (Morgannwg) on the Bristol Channel at the mouth of the River Taff, about 150 miles (240 km) west of London. The origins of its name are a point of debate but are widely believed to have come from an English corruption of the original Welsh title Caer-Taff (Fort on the Taff).As the capital city of Wales, Cardiff is the main engine of growth in the Welsh economy. Though the population of Cardiff is about 10% of the Welsh population, the economy of Cardiff makes up nearly 20% of Welsh GDP and 40% of the city's workforce are daily in-commuters from the surrounding south Wales area. zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864159452 2021-11-03 09:54:05 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864159452 Manchester  , England zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864160540 2021-11-03 09:54:41 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864160540 zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864161799 2021-11-03 09:55:26 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864161799 Manchester, city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester urban county, northwestern England. Most of the city, including the historic core, is in the historic county of Lancashire, but it includes an area south of the River Mersey in the historic county of Cheshire. Manchester is the nucleus of the largest metropolitan area in the north of England, and it remains an important regional city, but it has lost the extraordinary vitality and unique influence that put it at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution. Until the 1960s the latter had narrowly based economies largely dependent on the textile trade, which still provided more than half the employment of women. The former, however, had an economy of greater diversity: manufacturing was varied (including printing and the production of engineering and electrical products, chemicals, and clothing), and a broad range of service activities gave stability to the economy. This old pattern of contrast was breaking down in the late 20th century, as the core city lost factory employment at a rapid rate and became increasingly dependent on services while the peripheral towns acquired greater industrial diversity and thus a securer (and locally expanding) manufacturing base. zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864162491 2021-11-03 09:55:55 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864162491 Stoke-on-Trent  , England zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864163723 2021-11-03 09:56:40 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864163723 Stoke-on-Trent, city and unitary authority, geographic and historic county of Staffordshire, west-central England, consisting of the industrial ceramic-producing area known as the Potteries. Ceramics is the chief industry, although metalworking, glass, and rubber are also important.The city of Stoke-on-Trent combines the former towns of Burslem, Fenton, Hanley, Longton, Stoke-upon-Trent, and Tunstall. The British Ceramic Research Association’s laboratories were opened in 1951, and Staffordshire University (founded 1970) has programs in ceramic technology.Stoke-on-Trent is a world centre for fine ceramics—a skilled design trade has existed in the area since at least the 12th century. But in the late 1980s and 1990s Stoke-on-Trent was hit hard by the general decline in the British manufacturing sector. Numerous factories, steelworks, collieries, and potteries were closed, including the renowned Shelton Bar steelworks. This resulted in a sharp rise in unemployment in the 'high-skilled but low-paid' workforce. zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864164230 2021-11-03 09:57:00 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864164230 zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864165039 2021-11-03 09:57:30 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864165039 zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864168277 2021-11-03 09:59:27 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864168277 zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864170058 2021-11-03 10:00:33 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864170058 zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864171726 2021-11-03 10:01:23 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864171726 zarina040 https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864174434 2021-11-03 10:03:04 UTC https://padlet.com/zarina040/tlwzvg1hjc2wa5ze/wish/1864174434