Biliary& Endocrine by Mason, Orane https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu en-us 2022-11-25 02:36:25 UTC 2022-11-25 20:29:06 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f4d5.png Funtion https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398188616 Controls the amount of calcium in the blood. 4 glands located around the thyroid gland.

]]> 2022-11-25 18:10:46 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398188616 large ductless glad in the neck which secretes hormones regulating growth and developed through the rate of matabolism https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398189488 2022-11-25 18:12:33 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398189488 Definition https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398189848 Inflammation of the Pancreas]]> 2022-11-25 18:13:14 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398189848 Uses of Gonads https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398191296   primary reproductive organs responsible for producing the sperm and ova. They also secrete hormones and are considered to be endocrine glands.]]> 2022-11-25 18:16:14 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398191296 Key assessments: https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398191588 N/V
Abdominal distension
Diminished or absent bowel sounds.
Severe abdominal pain, often mid-epigastric or LUQ
Jaundice
Severe acute pain
Weight loss


]]> 2022-11-25 18:16:53 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398191588 Definition https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398192061   Inflammation of the Gallbladder usually when a gallstone blocks the cystic duct. Acute Cholecystitis is potentially serious because of the risk of complications]]> 2022-11-25 18:17:56 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398192061 Hypoparathyroidism https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398192597 Low PTH - gland doesn't produce enough PTH 
 *can also cause hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia.



]]> 2022-11-25 18:18:59 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398192597 Caused by: omason6 https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398192846
Autoimmune disorder
Neck surgery
Radiation to the neck

]]> 2022-11-25 18:19:32 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398192846 DIAGNOSTIC TEST https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398193005 1)Ultrasound
2)(CT)scan
3)(MRI)
4)(PET)
The most accurate way to diagnose pancreatic cancer is Biopsy ]]> 2022-11-25 18:19:52 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398193005 Symptoms: omason6 https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398193489
Patchy hair loss
Tingly fingertips and toes
Brittle nails.
Hardening and changes to the bones cause poor growth.]]> 2022-11-25 18:20:47 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398193489 Lab: https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398193569 Elevated amylase: stay elevated
Elevated lipase
Elevated Trypsin]]> 2022-11-25 18:20:55 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398193569 Excess parathyroid hormone - Hyperparathyroidism https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398194157 When the gland produces too much hormones in the bloodstream and tissue. Causes Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. Primary- enlargement of the parathyroid gland. Secondary- occurs from another disease that affects calcium levels.]]> 2022-11-25 18:22:03 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398194157 Function: https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398194249 control the body's metabolism, by  transform the food we eat into energy]]> 2022-11-25 18:22:11 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398194249 ACUTE Cholecystitis S/S https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398194325 Sudden sharp persistent pain in the upper right side of the tummy and spreads to the right shoulder, fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, jaundice, bulging stomach


]]> 2022-11-25 18:22:22 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398194325 Diagnostic test+ Labs: https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398194897
  • Stool tests. (FOBT)
  • Ultrasound. 
  • Pancreatic Function Test (PFT). Lipase, Amylase, Trypsin
  • ( CBC) Elevated white blood test

]]> 2022-11-25 18:23:40 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398194897 Functions https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398195067
  • Secretion of sex hormones.
  • Production of gametes.
  • It facilitates cell division, especially meiosis.
  • They are indirectly responsible for controlling the maturation of reproductive organs.
  • They are responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics in both males and females.

    • ]]>     2022-11-25 18:24:03 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398195067     Treatment omason6 https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398195187 NPO, REST, IV FLUIDS ,PAIN MEDS,ANTIBIOTICS,SURGERY]]> 2022-11-25 18:24:23 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398195187 S/S https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398196561 Increased Temp
    decreased appetite
    affects sleep. 
    Hypothalamic obesity occasionally develops in response to major hypothalamic injury/damage affecting the centers of appetite regulation and energy balance.]]>     2022-11-25 18:26:34 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398196561     Causes https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398196605 Low blood calcium levels.
    Tumor(Primary)
    Chronic Kidney Failure (Secondary)
    Vitamin D deficiency (Secondary)]]>     2022-11-25 18:26:39 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398196605     Hormones released by Gonads https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398197255
  • FSH(follicular stimulating hormone)
  • LH (luteinizing hormone)
  • GH (growth hormone)
  • TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
  • Prolactin

    • ]]>     2022-11-25 18:28:01 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398197255     S/S (Hypothyroidism) low thyroid Levels https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398197493 tiredness,weight gain,depression,muscle aches and weakness,muscle cramps and being sensitive to cold.]]> 2022-11-25 18:28:29 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398197493 key labs. https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398197757 1)ALT (increase)
    2)AST(increase)
    3)WBC(increase0
    4)Tumor markers -CA 19-9
    Carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)
    5)CBC]]>     2022-11-25 18:29:03 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398197757     Symptoms https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398199845 Kidney stones
    Osteoporosis
    Bone and joint pain]]>     2022-11-25 18:33:31 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398199845     Care and Management https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398201182 NPO to rest the bowel (Acute)!
    Pain Management (Acute)
    Alcohol cessation ( chronic)
    Low fat diet
    drink 2-3 L of fluid daily if not contacindicated]]>     2022-11-25 18:36:32 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398201182     Tests-Hyperparathyroidism https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398201234 Urine test
    Bone mineral density test
    Ultrasound
    Sestamibi parathyroid scan]]>     2022-11-25 18:36:41 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398201234     Symptoms that may appear in females include: https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398201909
  • lack of menstruation
  • slow or absent breast growth
  • hot flashes
  • loss of body hair
  • low or absent sex drive

    • ]]>     2022-11-25 18:38:11 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398201909     Symptoms that may appear in males include: https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398202897
  • loss of body hair
  • muscle loss
  • abnormal breast growth
  • reduced growth of penis and testicles
  • erectile dysfunction
  • osteoporosis

    • ]]>     2022-11-25 18:39:43 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398202897     Treatments-Hyperparathyroidism https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398203810 1.Surgery- only for the glands that are enlarged or have a tumor.
    2.Hormone replacement therapy- after menopause for those suffering from osteoporosis.
    3. Bisphosphonates- lessens osteoporosis prevent loss of calcium in the bones.]]>     2022-11-25 18:41:27 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398203810     Symptoms of the hypothalamus dysfunction https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398203876 temperature fluctuation, muscle loss and weakness, delayed puberty, poor bone health, infertility, weight loss or weight gain with or without changes in appetite., mood swings ]]> 2022-11-25 18:41:34 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398203876 Signs and Symptoms https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398204444 1)Jaundice
    2)Abdominal pain
    3)Rapid weight loss
    4)Bloating
    5)Loss off appetite
    6)Discolored stools
    7)Dark colored urine
    8)Stomach Ache
    9)Dermatitis (eczematous dermatitis)
    10)Nausea
    -Polyuria .
    -polydipsia
    -polyphagia
    -Icterus ]]>     2022-11-25 18:42:42 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398204444     main causes of steatorrhea in client with pancreatitis https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398204690 Lack of enzymes due to pancreatic damage results in poor digestion and absorption of food, especially fat]]> 2022-11-25 18:43:16 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398204690 Causes https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398205024
  • Chromosomal abnormalities such as Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome.
  • Mutations in the FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) genes.
  • Infections such as mumps and orchitis(inflammation of one or both testicles).
  • Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy.
  • Trauma.
  • May cause cirrhosis of the liver.



    • ]]>     2022-11-25 18:43:58 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398205024     CHRONIC Cholecystitis https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398205102 Characterized by repeated attacks of pain(biliary colic) that occurs when gallstones periodically block the cystic duct. Gallbladder becomes thick-walled,scared and small. ]]> 2022-11-25 18:44:09 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398205102 Tests-Hypoparathyroidism https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398205369 Urine test
    ECG
    Blood test for: Calcium, parathyroid and phosphorus levels.]]>     2022-11-25 18:44:48 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398205369     Diagnostic test is blood work(test) https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398205518  (TSH,T3/T4 and Tsl)
    TSH is 0.5 to 5.0mlu,
    T4 normal  is 0.7 to 1.9ng/dl.]]>     2022-11-25 18:45:07 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398205518     Insulin omason6 https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398205647 70-110  mg/dL]]> 2022-11-25 18:45:25 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398205647 How Gonads is diagnosed https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398206013
  • Serum hormone testing
  • Semen analysis 
  • Iron saturation
  • MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the brain helps in diagnosing disorders of the pituitary gland.


    • ]]>     2022-11-25 18:46:14 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398206013     Ascites in client with pancreatitis https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398206453 Pancreatic ascites occurs when pancreatic secretions collect in the peritoneum as a result of a pancreatic duct injury which  can leads to peritonitis.]]> 2022-11-25 18:47:10 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398206453 Hemoglobin A1C omason6 https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398206607
    Normal  below 5.7%
    6.5% or more indicates diabetes
    ]]>     2022-11-25 18:47:27 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398206607     Treatment-Hypoparathyroidism https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398206739 Medication:
    Oral calcium, Vitamin D, magnesium, Thiazide diuretics, parathyroid hormone replacement.

    ]]>     2022-11-25 18:47:47 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398206739     Liver Function Tests omason6 https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398207047
  • ALT. 7 to 55 units per liter (U/L)
  • AST. 8 to 48 U/L
  • ALP. 40 to 129 U/L
  • Albumin. 3.5 to 5.0 grams per deciliter (g/dL)
  • Total protein. 6.3 to 7.9 g/dL
  • Bilirubin. 0.1 to 1.2 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)
  • GGT. 8 to 61 U/L
  • LD. 122 to 222 U/L
  • PT. 9.4 to 12.5 seconds

    • ]]>     2022-11-25 18:48:35 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398207047     S/S of Hyperthyroidism (excess thyroid) https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398207104 weight loss,rapid or irregular heartbeat,sweating and irrtability]]> 2022-11-25 18:48:42 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398207104 Labs and Diagnostic Testing https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398207138 MRI or CT scans, Eyeball pressure tests, blood or saliva tests used to assess cortisol, estrogen, thyroid and other hormone levels]]> 2022-11-25 18:48:48 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398207138 Acute pancreatitis : https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398208365 ØCan be life-threatening inflammation of pancreas]]> 2022-11-25 18:51:46 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398208365 omason6 https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398208710 2022-11-25 18:51:58 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398208710 Causes of chronic Pancreatitis https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398210091 Chronic Alcohol use]]> 2022-11-25 18:55:00 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398210091 Causes https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398210329 Dysfunctions that may be manifests as a result of hypothalamic injury.]]> 2022-11-25 18:55:34 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398210329 Labs and Diagnostic testing omason6 https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398210337
    Labs :
    elevated bilirubin and Alkaline phosphate assays.
    Diagnostic:
    Ultrasound,X-ray,CT scan, MRI scan, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP )

    Gold standard for diagnosis of  Acute Cholecystitis is Cholescintigraphy
    -alternative method of imaging HIDA is injected intravenously and taken up by the liver]]>     2022-11-25 18:55:35 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398210337     Care/management https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398210934 -Monitor and maintain a healthy weight
    -Stay hydrated
    -eat small. frequent meals
    -High protein foods with every meal
    -consider the use  of liquid supplements or shakes
    choose food that are easy to digest

    Surgical care
    Standard of care for pancreatic cancer is SURGICAL RESECTION. curative  treatment  and provides a survival benefit  in patients with small ,localized pancreatic tumors, but should be considered only along side systemic therapy. Patients with unresectable, metastatic, or recurrent disease are unlikely to benefit from surgical resection.]]>     2022-11-25 18:57:05 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398210934     Functions https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398211589  The most important hormone that the pancreas produces is insulin. Insulin is released by the 'beta cells' in the islets of Langerhans in response to food.]]> 2022-11-25 18:58:30 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398211589 Insulin: https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398212169 Insulin is a hormone created by your pancreas that controls the amount of glucose in your bloodstream at any given moment]]> 2022-11-25 18:59:55 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398212169 Lack of insulin in the body: https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398213216 Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells. This buildup of glucose in the blood is called hyperglycemia.]]> 2022-11-25 19:02:15 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398213216 Functions: https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398214241  structure located in the center of the brain that serves as the primary link between the central nervous system and the endocrine system. The endocrine system is responsible for releasing different hormones into the bloodstream to help the body functions properly.]]> 2022-11-25 19:04:57 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398214241 Excessive insulin in the body: https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398214657 Excess insulin in the bloodstream causes cells in the body to absorb too much glucose (sugar) from your blood, which can leads to hypoglycemia or cause Diabetic ketone acidosis.]]> 2022-11-25 19:06:04 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398214657 Treatment of hypothyriodism is Levothyroxine.For hyperthyroidism you can use methimazole(tapazole)and propylithiouracil. https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398226198 2022-11-25 19:34:33 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398226198 Definition omason6 https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398226856 Cancer of the Pancreas ]]> 2022-11-25 19:36:00 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398226856 Diagnostic Test omason6 https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398240505 Diagnostic Test; hepatobiliary scintigraphy or a HIDA scan with cholecystokinin(CCK)  ]]> 2022-11-25 20:08:37 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398240505 Risk Factors for Chronic 6 'F' for Chronic Cholecystitis omason6 https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398241990
    FEMALE, FAIR, FAT, FORTY, FLATULENCE, Fertility meds  (birth control)]]>     2022-11-25 20:12:09 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398241990     Treatment omason6 https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398242848 surgery/radiation  for tumors 
    hormone medications 
    appetite suppressant 
    diet modification
    metformin ]]>     2022-11-25 20:14:10 UTC https://padlet.com/omason6/tk48qfgplufudsfu/wish/2398242848