●Broken down into 4 phases:

■Performed in the sagittal & frontal plane

■Knee and hip begin to flex

■Where the quarterback builds up torque & power

■Primarily in the transverse plane

■Where lead foot contact beings

■Arm cocks back with maximum shoulder external rotation to gain power and accuracy on the throw

■Elbow drop occurs

■Occurs in the transverse & sagittal plane. 

■Shoulder goes from external to internal rotation

■Hips also internally rotating so body face target

■Occurs in sagittal plane 

■Deceleration of the arm after ball is released

■Stopping rotation of the hips and shoulders 

●We are aiming to see if elbow angle during the acceleration phase differs in both the static stance and the dynamic stance. As well we wanted to see if velocity, torque, elbow torque and distance differs from these throws. 

●The ability of a quarterback to hit a target while running is extremely impressive, and as a group, we wanted to explore the differences between this static stance and a dynamic stance. 

●As we attend the University of Georgia, the game of football is extremely important as it is one of the main sources of income for the school, as well football is one of the greatest American pastimes.

●This study analyzed throw arm angle, ball speed, non-throw arm elbow angle, front leg knee angle, and back leg knee angle between all approaches. 

●Results: a greater number of drop steps may increase quarterback throwing distance. 

●This study illuminates a gap in the research: what if instead of drop steps backwards, the player is running forward while throwing?

●We were able video record each participants throw and use the OnForm app, which allowed us to go back over measure each participants arm angle of every throw. 

●Our 2nd procedure involved us using a force plate, allowing us to measure and compare the extension torque and ground reaction force between the 2 different types of throws. 

●The computer system used for the force plate gave us very detailed and precise results, allowing us to get accurate answers to our study. 

●Static throw is a BETTER throw than the dynamic throw

○Produces a better and greater throwing angle (+25º mean angle) & more consistent arm angle (leads to less error)

○Can lead to greater accuracy (more likely to hit target) 

○More comfortable throw for the quarterback

●Dynamic throw = greater variation in arm angle (less accurate & has the potential to miss target)

●Aligned with previous research 

●Small sample size (n=4), but still helps contrast different throws at a general level