Definition:

Definition:

-Tone is the author attitudes, how the author narrate the story.

Example:

- Arrogant

-Cruel

-Apologetic

-Encouraging

-Frustrated

-Apologetic

-Compassionated

In charlotte's Web the tone is peace and acceptance.

-"But I feel peaceful. Your success in the ring this morning was, to a small degree, my success."

What is Tone?

https://youtu.be/KoBekTbDKRQ?si=N1oCLwYnbJoiO38Q

Definition:

Words that the author chooses to use to convey a meaning.

They are 9 types of diction:

-Informal=it involves the playful use of words, including jokes and wordplay.

-Pedantic= uses an excessive amount of academic or “big” words, as if the speaker is trying to prove how smart they are.

-Formal= uses the proper definitions of words in a mostly serious tone.

-Pedestrian= instead of trying to sound smart, it’s trying to sound normal or common.

-Slang= encompasses words and phrases that only a particular type of person understands.

-Quolloquial= refers to specific words or phrases used in particular geographical locations.

-Abstract= refers to discussing something intangible.

-Concrete= uses specific and direct language with minimal ambiguity.

- Poetic= use of rhymes, rhythm, and phonetics to make words sound pleasing together.

Informal and formal examples:

- Informal- No way, that's not true at all.

-Formal- Respectfully, I must disagree.

https://youtu.be/UKIaMWmwJuk

Definition:

Theme is the central idea of a text.

Examples:

-Love

-Revenge

-Forgiveness

Story example:

In the book ''Ghosts" by Raina Telgemeier, the theme is death and illness.

https://youtu.be/I5KZcdAmWLw

Figurative language is a type of communication that does not use a word's strict or realistic meaning.

7 common figures of speech are:

-Simile

-Hyperbole

-Alliteration

-Metaphor

-Personification

-Onomatopoeia

-oxymoron

Example:

-Simile- compares two different things using like or as.

''My dad swims like a dolphin''

-Metaphor- comparing with another thing in order to show or suggest that they are similar.

''My mom has a heart of gold.''

Central idea is what the text is about.

Example:

-a basketball team that works together to beat a team of more talented players that do not work well together. The reader can infer the central idea: hard work and togetherness are more important than sheer talent.

https://youtu.be/G16TgYiRlKM

Rhetorical appeals are the qualities of an argument that make it truly persuasive.

They are four rhetorical appeals:

-Ethos- Credibility

-Pathos- Emotion

-Logos- Logic

-Kairos- Time

Example:

Ethos-Advertisements where doctors recommend a product.

Pathos- a humorous post can make the audience laugh and relate to the brand, while a post that uses fear can make them aware of an issue and prompt them to take action.

Logos- a speaker claims that "teen pregnancy has decreased in the last five years" by citing studies that show a significant decrease in teenage pregnancy

Kairos- This is a one-time offer. You can't this price after today.

https://quizlet.com/test/rhetorical-appeals-quiz-373984000

A rhetorical device is a use of language that is intended to have an effect on its audience.

-antithesis- a proposition that contrasts with or reverses some previously mentioned proposition.

-Analogy- a comparison or correspondence between two things because of a third element that they are considered to share.

-Rhetorical question- a question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer.

-Anaphora- consists of repeating a sequence of words at the beginnings of neighboring clauses.

-Allusion- an implied or indirect reference to a person, event, or thing or to a part of another text.

Examples:

Anaphora- “You is kind, you is smart, and you is important"

Analogy- ''You have to be as busy as a bee to get good grades in high school.”

https://quizlet.com/45476507/rhetorical-devices-flash-cards/

Text structures refer to the way authors organize information in text.

chronological order: describes events in the order they occur.

EX: When I first woke up, I got dressed and went on a long run. Then, I got ready for the day and went to work. After I got to work, I realized that I had forgotten my lunch and purse.

Cause and effect: connects events that happen with why they happen.

EX: Cause: The roads were icy. Effect: Many car accidents occurred.

Descriptive: describes or explains a topic, idea, person, place, or thing to give the reader a mental picture.

EX: A book about animals describes the different kinds of whales and their habitats or the life cycle of frogs.

Problem and solution: a format of writing that where the structure of written text is laid out to show different problems and then how the problem is solved.

EX: Problem: The main issue is that runoff pollutes the reservoir. Solution: Remedy.

https://youtu.be/7kWGQ-_ipBY

Context Clues: hints you can find about a word's meaning by looking carefully at the other words in a sentence.

EX: "Gerard was so hungry that for lunch he consumed three sandwiches and a quart of milk. The sentence gives context clues that Gerard was hungry."

Etymology: the study of a word's history.

EX:

root: meter.

meaning: measure.

example: chronometer, symmetry.

Connotation vs denotation: A word's denotation is its plain and direct meaning. A word's connotation is what the word implies.

Connotation example: Strong, tough, sturdy, hard.

Denotation example: it was too hard.

https://youtu.be/LWNbog9rlls?si=Tr8B-mcy-Erdfm0s

Informative writing- A non fiction writing piece that is written to inform readers on a certain topic or subject. They are always fact-based and do not include arguments or opinions from the author.

Example: Simply put, informative writing is writing with the purpose to inform. It might be in the form of an instruction manual, an academic journal, an encyclopedia, or even just the back of a box of cereal.

Argumentative writing- collecting and presenting evidence, allowing the reader to make an informed decision regarding the topic.

Example: A writer might argue that smoking is bad for health by citing statistics about the number of people who die from smoking-related diseases each year.

Expository writing- style of composition that exposes or explains a topic using facts.

All components:

-Claim: state or assert that something is the case, typically without providing evidence or proof.

Example: Phones distract students in their learning.

-Counterclaim: a claim for relief filed against an opposing party after the original claim is filed.

Example: Others say that students should be allowed to carry cell phones for emergency purposes.

-Rebuttal: the speech act of refuting by offering a contrary contention or argument.

Example: There are plenty of other, less disruptive ways for parents and students to communicate.