My harmonious shelf by https://padlet.com/malini_knsnair/tfcvxa2l57dg Made with a little mischief en-us 2019-01-28 00:43:53 UTC 2019-01-29 07:12:37 UTC hello@padlet.com Identify and define the component of language https://padlet.com/malini_knsnair/tfcvxa2l57dg/wish/325251969 5 TYPES OF COMPONENT

1.PHONOLOGY
-the study of the sound system language; how words are pronounced
-theory of sound changes in a language or in two or more related languages
-An example of phonology is the study of different sounds and the way they come together to form speech and words - such as the comparison of the sounds of the two letter of "p" sounds in "pop-up."


2. SEMANTICS
-the study of meaning; how words communicate the meaning we intend to get across in our communication
-the historical and psychological study and the classification of changes in the signification of words or forms viewed as factors in linguistic development
-For example, "destination" and "last stop" technically mean the same thing, but students of semantics analyze their subtle shades of meaning.

3. SYNTAX
- the study of individual words and their most basic meaningful units are combined to create sentences is known as syntax
- it is the knowledge of syntax that allows us to recognise that the following two sentences, while containing different word order and levels of complexity have the same meaning.
- Syntax allows us to accept "I went to the store" as a meaningful & grammatical sentence while "To store went I" would not be acceptable English.

4. MORPHOLOGY
-the study of word formation.
-this component of language focuses on the internal structure of words.
-it's the smallest unit of linguistic meaning or function.
-eg; 'sheep' and 'dog' are two different words but when they are combined, they make a new which is 'sheepdog' and it's a totally different meaning to that word.
-eg; adding 'er' in a word also creates a different meaning and function depending on the word to which it s attached to like for example play- player and nice- nicer

5. PRAGMATICS
-the study of how language is actually used in particular contexts; focuses on specific purpose of language use.
-encompasses speech act theory, conversational implicature, talk interaction and other approaches to language behaviour in philosophy, sociology, linguistics and anthropology .
-studies how the transmission of meaning depends not only on structural and linguistic knowledge of the speaker and listener, but also on the context of the utterance,any pre-existing knowledge about those involved, the inferred intent of the speaker, and other factors.
-example:study of how people react to different symbols.




]]> 2019-01-29 06:19:47 UTC https://padlet.com/malini_knsnair/tfcvxa2l57dg/wish/325251969 What are the roles of language in a culture ? https://padlet.com/malini_knsnair/tfcvxa2l57dg/wish/325252597 - Languages plays an important part in the means with which different cultures interact with each other and with others. 
- Language has also been a medium to interact with one another.
- Language is intrinsic to the expression of culture. As a means of communicating values, beliefs and customs, it has an important social function and fosters feelings of group identity and solidarity. It is the means by which culture and its traditions and shared values may be conveyed and preserved.
- It reflects where a culture has been, its values and how people think and experience things
- Language shape our thoughts.
- It reveals how culture perceive people, places, and other languages and culture.
- Language helps us to show our respect. 
- Language helps us to understand one another's feelings and thoughts
]]> 2019-01-29 06:24:46 UTC https://padlet.com/malini_knsnair/tfcvxa2l57dg/wish/325252597 Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis https://padlet.com/malini_knsnair/tfcvxa2l57dg/wish/325254011 Majority of peoples perceptions are shaped by language.  We agree with this statement as there a few examples that backs up the statement. 

Ex1: In Malaysian culture, if a malay speaks or even attempts to speak English, your generally gonna be categorised as stuck up or posh (Typically in rural areas). And this has actually influenced those who can speak to develop this stuck up personality thinking they're better than your average malaysian.

Ex2: In this current generation the 'Middle Easterners' have become infamously related to the idea of terrorism. So if an arab man walked into grocery store wearing they're traditional dressing, whilst talking in arabic on the phone, he would be misjudged as to planning an attack of sort. But if the same man walked in to the same store wearing westernised dressing and spoke proper english, those thoughts would change completely to the opposite spectrum.

Ex3: The word Negro. For around 400 years, white labourers have enslaved african people and used the term N****r as an ethnic slur. However, in certain languages it's just used as a word to describe them. This has become a sensitive issue globally and now, black people has self-proclaimed the word for their use only.

Ex4: In western culture, time is dictated by the clock which goes from right to left (clockwise) but a speaker Lera Boroditsky had worked with those of an aboriginal tribe and found out that the terms 'left' and 'right' do not exist in their language. But instead use the geographical terms to determine the direction of things or even their own body parts. The time is grounded and locked into the landscape meaning that time moves from East to West. 


]]> 2019-01-29 06:34:48 UTC https://padlet.com/malini_knsnair/tfcvxa2l57dg/wish/325254011 What are some Cultural Variation in Language Use and Communication Style zhenxuangiam2009 https://padlet.com/malini_knsnair/tfcvxa2l57dg/wish/325256088  
The first cultural region we'll look at is the Eastern New England area. This area extends from New York City, up through Boston and north to Maine. The culture of this region is one of the oldest in our country. Immigrants from England and other European countries were some of the first ones to arrive in the New World. Because of this European influence, the language has developed a different accent than the rest of the country. 

 

One of the main variations from Standard English includes the loss of the pronunciation of the letter 'r' before a consonant. In words like 'cart,' 'dark,' and 'fort,' the 'r' sound will be hard for a listener to hear or possibly even nonexistent. In addition, some speakers in this region might not differentiate between certain vowel sounds. For example, some people would pronounce the words 'tot' and 'taught' in exactly the same manner. This is generally understood not to be indicative of Standard English. 

 

 

The Chinese saying “silence is more impressive than speech ” indicates the peculiar effect of silence in communications . As a characteristic of natural conversation , it is a component of conversation and is also a way to establish a conversation 

 

Attitude towards silence in Western culture : 

Generally ,westerners have a negative view towards silence . Date back to the ancient Greek , they use language as a powerful tool to discover and express truth, as well as to extend themselves and have an impact on others . Therefore , they intend to take silence as a sign of indifference, indignation , objection and even hostility . 

Attitude towards silence in Chinese culture. 

One can’t deny that Confucianism and Taoism have exerted a great impact on the Chinese people. A Chinese saying “One should talk less and do more ” illustrates the positive attitude toward silence of Chinese culture , in which silence has been given the 

Meaning of respect, humbleness, agreement and friendliness. 

However , people can still achieve the recessive communication through the intercourse of each other’s status , identity and relationship ,etc. 

 

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