GOOD WOMEN SPEAKING WELL by Timothy Appleby https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d An Exploration in Search of Female Rhetors en-us 2018-07-05 21:59:01 UTC 2023-01-28 18:41:28 UTC hello@padlet.com tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269508856 BUT SOME ARGUE SHE COULD HAVE BEEN A PROMISCUOUS HETEROSEXUAL WOMAN.]]> 2018-07-05 21:59:01 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269508856 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269508857 SAPPHO BECAME A SYMBOL OF FEMALE HOMOSEXUALITY.  SHE CAME FROM THE ISLAND OF LESBOS, HENCE THE TERM "LESBIAN."]]> 2018-07-05 21:59:01 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269508857 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269508858 BORN AROUND 630 BCE SAPPHO WROTE "ODE TO APHRODITE." SAPPHO WAS AMONG THE CANON OF NINE LYRIC POETS MOST HIGHLY ESTEEMED BY SCHOLARS OF HELLENISTIC ALEXANDRIA.]]> 2018-07-05 21:59:01 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269508858 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269508859 FROM MY RESEARCH, IT ALL BEGINS WITH APHRODITE, THE ANCIENT GREEK GODDESS OF SEXUAL LOVE AND BEAUTY.  THE GREEK WORD "APHROS" MEANS "FOAM".  APHRODITE WAS BORN FROM THE WHITE FOAM PRODUCED BY THE SEVERED GENITALS OF URANUS.]]> 2018-07-05 21:59:01 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269508859 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269572862 2018-07-06 16:09:09 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269572862 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269573947 2018-07-06 16:30:39 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269573947 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269578793 FINALLY, I ASK YOU TURN YOUR FOCUS TO THE RHETORIC OF A TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY FIRST LADY.  JENA MCGREGOR, WRITING IN THE WASHINGTON POST IN 2016, CALLED MICHELLE OBAMA'S OCTOBER SPEECH AGAINST DONALD TRUMP'S RHETORIC "AN ABSOLUTE MASTER CLASS IN RHETORIC."  MCGREGOR SUGGESTS THE FIRST LADY'S SPEECH SHOULD BE "REQUIRED VIEWING FOR EVERY LEADER."  THE FIRST LADY OFFERED HER AUDIENCE AN ELUSIVE QUALITY OF LEADERSHIP: "AUTHENTICITY."  WATCH BELOW.]]> 2018-07-06 18:18:51 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269578793 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269585331 DURING THE RENAISSANCE,  WHILE MANY EUROPEAN EDUCATORS WOULD RESTRICT  WOMEN'S EDUCATION, OTHERS WOULD NOT.  PERHAPS THE MOST NOTABLE EXCEPTION WAS THE EDUCATION OF MARY AND ELIZABETH TUDOR. VIVES TAUGHT MARY. ROGER ASCHAM TAUGHT ELIZABETH.]]> 2018-07-06 20:51:24 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269585331 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269586020 MARY AND ELIZABETH ARE SPECIAL CASES BECAUSE, AS POTENTIAL RULERS, THEY WERE GIVEN WHAT WAS ESSENTIALLY A MAN'S EDUCATION. THE EXCLUSION OF WOMEN FROM THE SCHOOLS OF THE RENAISSANCE IS ESPECIALLY STRIKING IN LIGHT OF THE HUMANISTS' ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF THE NEED, INDEED THE DUTY, TO EDUCATE WOMEN AS WELL AS MEN. (BELOW, "A YOUTH WITH A JUG" BY JUDITH LEYSTER, DUTCH PAINTER, 1609-1660.)]]> 2018-07-06 21:11:01 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269586020 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269586871 IN 1862, VIRGINIAN MARY DULANY, FAITHFUL DAUGHTER OF THE CONFEDERACY, CONFRONTED A GROUP OF UNION CALVARY INTENT ON COMMANDEERING HER FARM'S SPARSE RESOURCES.  DESPERATE TO STAVE OFF THE CONFISCATION, SHE FALLS BACK ON THE ONLY PROTECTION LEFT TO HER: SPEECH. "MY TONGUE BEING MY ONLY WEAPON," SHE WRITES IN HER DIARY, "I DETERMINED WHEN I CAME IN CONTACT WITH THE ENEMY TO USE IT IN SERVICE OF MY BELOVED COUNTRY." (HARRISON, P. 27)]]> 2018-07-06 21:31:52 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269586871 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269627265 FROM 1870 TO 1920, THE PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN AMONG ALL COLLEGE STUDENTS MORE THAN DOUBLED FROM 21% TO 47%.  THE POPULARITY OF BELLETRISTIC RHETORIC HELPED ADVANCE WOMEN'S EDUCATION BECAUSE OF THIS RHETORIC'S FOCUS ON TASTE AND LITERARY STYLE RATHER THAN ELOQUENCE, AN EMPHASIS THAT FIT WELL WITH THE NINETEENTH CENTURY NOTIONS OF WOMANHOOD.]]> 2018-07-07 19:33:51 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269627265 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269627711 ASAPIA OF MILETUS (469 BCE) IS AN EXCELLENT EXAMPLE OF AN EDUCATED WOMAN WHO IS OFTEN CREDITED AS THE 'MOTHER OF RHETORIC'. SHE IS BELIEVED TO HAVE TAUGHT RHETORIC AND HOME ECONOMICS TO SOCRATES.  SHE INFLUENCED PLATO AND CICERO.]]> 2018-07-07 19:51:32 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269627711 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269629589 FROM THE 1830S TO THE 1900S, A CIRCUIT OF LECTURE HALLS KNOWN AS THE "LYCEUM MOVEMENT" FLOURISHED ACROSS THE UNITED STATES.  AT ITS PEAK, UP TO A MILLION PEOPLE A WEEK REGULARLY ATTENDED TALKS IN LOCAL VENUES.  WRITERS AND PUBLIC FIGURES SUCH AS FREDERIC DOUGLASS, RALPH WALDO EMERSON, ANNA DICKINSON (PICTURED BELOW), AND MARK TWAIN SPOKE.  WOMEN AND MEN PARTICIPATED IN DEBATE, ARGUING SUCH TOPICS AS "ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF IGNORANCE" OR "SHALL WE BE JUSTIFIED IN ASSISTING IRELAND IF SHE DECLARES HERSELF INDEPENDENT?"]]> 2018-07-07 20:59:00 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269629589 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269667702 WOMEN PERSISTED IN GAINING HIGHER EDUCATION. BY LATE IN THE 20TH CENTURY, MUCH OF THE INCREASE IN COLLEGE ENROLLMENT WAS MADE UP OF WOMEN, WHO WOULD COMPRISE 51.4% OF COLLEGE STUDENTS BY 1980 AND 57.1% BY 2003.  MANY OF THE NEW COLLEGE COMPOSITION TEACHING POSITIONS--BOTH ADJUNCT AND TENURE-LINE--WERE ALSO BEING FILLED BY WOMEN WHO EARNED DOCTORATES AT A SHARPLY INCREASING RATE BEGINNING IN THE 1970'S.  GOLD, HOBBS, AND BERLIN NOTE, HOWEVER, THAT THROUGHOUT THE 20TH CENTURY--ACROSS THE PROFESSION OF TEACHING--WOMEN HAVE DOMINATED AT THE PRIMARY LEVEL, DEMONSTRATED A CLEAR MAJORITY AT THE SECONDARY LEVEL, AND BEEN A MINORITY AT THE COLLEGE LEVEL.  ]]> 2018-07-08 18:22:48 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269667702 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269667906 A 2008 SURVEY OF COLLEGE COMPOSITION AND COMMUNICATION CONFERENCE MEMBERS FOUND THAT WOMEN MADE UP 60.3% OF WRITING PROGRAM DIRECTORS AND 63.8% OF COMPOSITION INSTRUCTORS.
OVERALL, SALARIES FOR WOMEN--ESPECIALLY IN COLLEGE ENGLISH AND IN THE SCHOOLS--REMAINED AT LESS THAN THOSE FOR MEN DOING THE SAME WORK.  ]]> 2018-07-08 18:29:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269667906 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269669470 IN 1985 HARVARD UNIVERSITY SCHOLAR BARBARA MILLER SOLOMON PUBLISHED A COMPREHENSIVE HISTORICAL STUDY OF WOMEN'S HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES THAT BECAME AN INSTANT CLASSIC. IN THE COMPANY OF EDUCATED WOMEN: A HISTORY OF WOMEN AND HIGHER EDUCATION IN AMERICA.  BENEFITING FROM THE EXPANDED WORK OF SPECIALISTS IN THE NEW FIELD OF WOMEN'S STUDIES, SOLOMON SYNTHESIZED SECONDARY SOURCES AND REEXAMINED PRIMARY MATERIALS, PROCLAIMING WOMEN'S HIGHER EDUCATION "AN UNFINISHED REVOLUTION"  THAT CONTINUES TO POSE COMPLEXITIES FOR WOMEN. (EISENMANN, 1997.)]]> 2018-07-08 19:19:06 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269669470 WORKS CITED tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269672590 Crisco, Virginia.  "Reading Diverse Rhetors and Rhetorics: rewriting history, reimagining scholarship". In: Composition Studies, Fall 2014, Vol 42, Issue 2, p. 155.

Eiesenman, Linda. "Reconsidering a Classic: Assessing the History of Woemn's Higher Education a Dozen Years after Barbara Solomon." Harvard Educational Review; Cambridge. Vol 67, Iss 4, Winter, 1997. p. 689-717.

Fleckenstein, Kristie S. "The Rhetoric of Rebel Women: Civil War Diaries and Confederate Persuasion" In: South Atlantic Review. Summer, 2015, Issue 3, p. 269.

Gaines, Rondee.  "Rhetoric and a Body Impolitic: Self-Definition and Mary McLeod Bethune's Discursive Safe Space" Howard Journal of Communications, Apr-June, 2016. Vol 27, Issue 2, p. 167-181.

Halpern, Faye. "The House of My Sojourn: Rhetoric, Women, and the Question of Authority" In: Legacy: A Journal of American Women Writers. June, 2012, Vol 29, Issue 2, p. 343.  University of Nebraska Press.

Murphy, James A. A Short History of Writing Instruction. New York, Routledge, 2012.

Regaigon, Dana Rossman. "Conversational Rhetoric: The Rise and Fall of a Women's Tradition, 1600-1900." In: Composition Studies, Fall, 2012, Vol. 40, Issue 2, p. 153

Woyshner, Christine A. and Hao Kuo Tai, Bonnie.  "The History of Women in Education." Harvard Educational Review, Winter, 1977.

]]> 2018-07-08 20:41:27 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269672590 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269882825 Margaret Fuller (1810-1850) was an American journalist, critic, and women's rights advocate. She was the first full-time American female book reviewer.  She was the first editor of the transcendentalist journal "The Dial."  Her book Women in the Nineteenth Century is considered the first major feminist work in the United States.]]> 2018-07-10 21:37:48 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269882825 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269883309 Elizabeth Cady Statnton (1815-1902) was an American suffragist, social activist, abolitionist,  and leading figure of the early women's rights movement.   Her "Declaration of Sentiments," presented at the Seneca Falls Convention held in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York, is often credited with initiating the first organized women's rights and women's suffrage movement in the United States.]]> 2018-07-10 21:47:32 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269883309 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269884025 Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906) was an American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. Born into a Quaker family committed to social equality, she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17. In 1856, she became the New York state agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society. In 1851, she met Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who became her lifelong friend and co-worker in social reform activities, primarily in the field of women's rights. In 1852, they founded the New York Women's State Temperance Society after Anthony was prevented from speaking at a temperance conference because she was female

]]> 2018-07-10 21:58:39 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269884025 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269884483 Kate Chopin (1850-1904) is now considered by some scholars to have been a forerunner of American 20th-century feminist authors of Southern or Catholic background,  Elizabeth Fox-Genovese of Emory University, wrote that "Kate was neither a feminist nor a suffragist, she said so. She was nonetheless a woman who took women extremely seriously. She never doubted women's ability to be strong." Chopin's sympathies lay with the individual in the context of his and her personal life and society.]]> 2018-07-10 22:07:05 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269884483 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269885128 Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) is considered one of the most important modernist 20th-century authors and a pioneer in the use of stream of consciousness as a narrative device. One of her great influences was Henry David Thoreau.  In a 1917 essay, Woolf stated that her aim as a writer was to follow Thoreau by capturing "the moment, to burn always with this hard, gem-like flame."  Stein influenced members of The Lost Generation, the generation that came of age during World War I. The term was coined by Stein and popularized by Ernest Hemingway. Hemingway credited the phrase to Stein, who was his mentor and patron.]]> 2018-07-10 22:17:41 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269885128 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269885164 Dorothy Day (1897-1980) was an American journalist, social activist, and Catholic convert. Day initially lived a bohemian lifestyle before gaining fame as a social activist after her conversion. She later became a key figure in the Catholic Worker Movement and earned a national reputation as a political radical[2] perhaps the most famous radical in American Catholic Church history. Day's newspaper, Catholic Worker, provided coverage of strikes, explored working conditions, especially of women and blacks, and explicated papal teaching on social issues]]> 2018-07-10 22:18:15 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269885164 tjapple https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269885223 Adrienne Rich (1929-2012) was an American poet, essayist and feminist. She was one of the most widely read and influential poets of the second half of the 20th century, and was credited with bringing the oppression of women and lesbians to the forefront of poetic discourse. Carol Muske in the New York Times Book Review; wrote that Rich began as a "polite copyist of Yeats and Auden, wife and mother. She  progressed in life (and in her poems …) from young widow and disenchanted formalist, to spiritual and rhetorical convalescent, to feminist leader...and doyenne of a newly-defined female literature."]]> 2018-07-10 22:19:18 UTC https://padlet.com/tjapple/te8azoe2xc2d/wish/269885223