Ecotourism is an important sector of the tourist industry, and the United Nations estimates that the sector will contribute 25 percent of the world's tourism revenues in 2012. Precise definitions vary, but the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization defines the term broadly as "tourism and recreation that is both nature-based and sustainable." Ecotourism emphasizes taking care of the natural environment and often involves local people in the provision of tourist facilities, but has both positive and negative impacts.

 

Natural Environments
Ecotourism generates money from natural environments by encouraging tourists to visit and, during their stay, pay for items like entrance fees, concessions and licenses, according to Frances E. Vieta of the United Nations. Re-casting the environment as a way for local communities to look after themselves therefore encourages them to take care of it. Yet the influx of ecotourists can also degrade the natural environment the tourists have come to see. Letting tourists loose in a delicate ecosystem can lead to pollution and impact on the environment in unforeseen ways -- one study in a Costa Rican national park found that wild monkeys turned into garbage feeders, becoming familiar with the presence of ecotourists and eating the food and rubbish left behind.

 

Development
Proponents argue that, by involving local people in accommodating tourists and acting as guides, ecotourism aids development. In Uganda, for example, hundreds of locals supplement their income by working as rangers or field staff in the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest. In many cases, local communities work as partners with ecotourism organizations rather than just as participants. However, ecotourism can also limit development prospects for local communities. Jim Butcher of Canterbury Christ Church University in England believes that ecotourism's focus on preserving "nature" damages local people's ability to develop sustainably and lift themselves out of poverty. The environment is effectively prioritized above the needs of local people.

 

Financial Benefits
Only $5 of every $10 spent by tourists in the developing world stays there, according to The United Nations Environment Programme. The involvement of local people in ecotourism allows its proponents to contend that it helps prevent this "leakage" of tourist income out of the host country through international hotel chains and tour operators. Other researchers have pointed to the ability of these same chains and operators to label themselves as ecotourism-friendly by undertaking very minor changes, a process known as "greenwashing." A large hotel using biodegradable cleaning products and recycling some of its waste can get the same "green" credentials as a small jungle lodge.

 

Cultural Impact
Ecotourism can have a cultural impact on local communities. Ecotourists are often partially motivated by the chance to experience local culture, which can have a positive and affirming effect on that culture. Involving local people in decision-making not only tends to make them more positive about tourism, but also empowers them as a community. However, negative effects also exist, such as the transformation of traditional cultural symbols into commodities to sell to visitors, the disruption of the pre-existing relationships between local people and higher incidences of crime.

The benefits of using fertilizers and pesticides to keep crops healthy are the driving force behind the widespread use of these treatments. Curtailing blights, disease, insects and malnourishment, fertilizers and pesticides help maximize the food stocks gain from each acre of field agriculture. However, the use of chemical sprays, powders and gases can bring about unintentional harm to those exposed both directly and indirectly and to the environment surrounding the crop.

 

Those who use fertilizers and pesticides are at increased risk of direct exposure to harmful chemicals and vapors. Pesticides, in particular, are designed to repel and kill insects, plants, fungi and even rodents. Farmers and workers exposed to pesticides over long periods of time exhibit symptoms of neurological damage, including dizziness, hand tremors and headaches. Pesticide exposure in children can manifest as problems with neurological development and can affect the development of a fetus through maternal contamination. Pesticide exposure is linked to prostate cancer, Parkinson's disease, birth defects and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

 

Many fertilizers and pesticides are made from liquid or powdered chemicals designed to be spread efficiently over the entire area of the targeted crop. However, this efficacy also makes crop treatments easy to disperse with a simple gust of wind or falling rain. Airborne chemicals are easily blown into neighborhoods or schools zones in rural areas, and groundwater supplies can be contaminated by tainted rainwater. Well-water supplies that service entire families can then transport the chemicals into the home and bring about the harmful effects of low-dosage exposure. Contaminated creeks, rivers and lake areas can also increase human chemical exposure.

 

The chemicals and nutrients found in fertilizers, while beneficial for agricultural crops, can be lethal in high doses for fish, birds and other wildlife. Pesticides, designed to kill pests chemically, are also dangerous when leached into soil or groundwater supplies. Heavy amounts of fertilizer chemicals like potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus in natural water systems can actually cause "dead zones" where wildlife cannot survive because of lower oxygen levels and chemical poisoning. Beneficial insects and organisms like honeybees and soil microbes can be killed alongside the pests, eliminating some of the ecosystem beneficial to crop health and sustainability.

                                                       Reference 

 Bennett, A.(2008). Creative writing subject benchmark statement. Retrieved from http://www.nawe.co.uk/writing-in-education/writing-at-university/research.html

Several steps can aid in narrowing a generation gap. Firstly, it is necessary to show each other more mutual respect and attempt to accommodate rather than change. For example, a good relationship can occur between youngsters and elders if they listen to each other more (Levenson, n.d.). What’s more, more communication is  essential because people should not only spend time on  talking, but also seek to understand each other. Finally, they should accept different opinions and understand that everyone is entitled to their own opinion. According to Morin (2000), the two generations have their own unique experiences and perspectives, they are bound to differ in opinions and point of views regarding various aspects of life such as lifestyle, career choices and much more. So, to narrow the gap, they should be willing to accept that the differences are natural and that each has a right to their own belief. Acknowledging this can help in bridging the gap.

Astin, A. (1993). What matters in college? Four critical years revisited. San        Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Caruso, H.M., & Wooley, A.W. (2008). Harnessing the power of emergent interdependence to promote diverse team collaboration. Diversity and Groups. 11, 245-266.

Mannix, E., & Neale, M.A. (2005). What differences make a difference? The promise and reality of diverse teams in organizations. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 6(2), 31-55.

National Survey of Student Engagement Report. (2006). http://nsse.iub.edu/NSSE_2006_Annual_Report/docs/NSSE_2006_Annual_Report.pdf.
Retrieved from
https://www.cmu.edu/teaching/designteach/design/instructionalstrategies/groupprojects/benefits.html

Tinto, V. (1987). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Pesantes, M.A., Diez-Canseco, F., Bernabe-Ortiz, A.,  Ponce-Lucero, V., & Miranda,                    J.J). (2017) Taste, Salt Consumption, and Local
                Explanations around Hypertension in a Rural Population in Northern                          Peru. US National Library of Medicine National Institutes
                of Health, 9(7) p.698. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The Nutrition Source. School of Public Health. Retrieved from         
               https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/salt-and-sodium/
High-salt diet affects the brains of mice. National Institutes of Health. (2018). Retrieved from  https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/high-salt-diet-affects-brains-mice  

 

   Particularly, if i were to describe a problem with my English,  I would point out Australian English. For a variety of reasons, I have been unable to understand Aussie people. Various phrases are used on this land that I do not have in my native language namely, idioms, slang, abbreviations etc. Surely, it is impossible that all the idioms, slang and abbreviation can be taught.

   I cannot give a specific example from my life that ı have experienced because I cannot remember. Last of all, ı have been trying to make most of my days and looks like it is going to take a bit more.