Adab (Arabic: أدب) in the context of behavior, refers to prescribed Islamic etiquette: "refinement, good manners, morals, decorum, decency.

Here are some adab of seeking knowledge :

1. Be sincere, Learn for Allah, not for showing off.

2. Stay humble.No matter how much you learn, there are always more.

3. Respect your teachers.They are helping you grow.

4. Be consistent since learning takes time and effort.

5. Practice what you learn.Knowledge is useless if not applied.

6. Avoid arrogance.Dont use knowledge to look down on others.

As for a true hadith mentioned by Imam Al-Ghazali regarding knowledge, one well-known hadith he often refers to in his works is:

“Whoever follows a path in search of knowledge, Allah will make easy for him a path to Paradise.” (Sahih Muslim 2699)

Imam Al-Ghazali frequently emphasizes this hadith in his discussions on the virtues of knowledge in Ihya Ulum al-Din.

This hadith is recorded in Sahih Muslim (Hadith 8) and Sahih Bukhari (Hadith 50, Book of Faith). It is narrated by Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA):

“One day, while we were sitting with the Messenger of Allah s.a.w, a man appeared with extremely white clothes and jet-black hair. There were no signs of travel on him, and none of us knew him. He sat down by the Prophet s.a.w, placed his knees against his knees, and rested his hands on his thighs. He then asked:

“O Muhammad, tell me about Islam.”

The Prophet saw replied:

‘Islam is to testify that there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is His Messenger, to establish prayer, to give zakat, to fast in Ramadan, and to perform Hajj if you are able.’

The man said: ‘You have spoken the truth.’ (The companions were surprised that he asked and then confirmed the answer.)

He then asked: ‘Tell me about Iman (faith).’

The Prophet saw said:

‘It is to believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and in Divine Decree (Qadr), both its good and its bad.’

The man said: ‘You have spoken the truth’

He then asked: ‘Tell me about Ihsan (spiritual excellence).’

The Prophet saw said:

‘It is to worship Allah as if you see Him, for though you do not see Him, He surely sees you.’

He then asked: ‘Tell me about the Hour (Day of Judgment).’

The Prophet saw said: ‘The one being asked does not know more than the one asking.’

The man then asked: âTell me about its signs.’

The Prophet saw responded:

‘The slave girl will give birth to her mistress, and you will see barefoot, naked shepherds competing in building tall structures.’

Then the man left. The Prophet saw asked, ‘O Umar, do you know who that was?’

Umar (RA) replied, ‘Allah and His Messenger know best.’

The Prophet saw said: ‘That was Jibril. He came to teach you your religion.’

1. The Three Pillars of Islam

- Islam (Submission) -The five pillars (Shahadah, Prayer, Zakat, Fasting, Hajj).

-Iman (Faith) - The six articles of faith.

-Ihsan (Spiritual Excellence) - Worshiping Allah with sincerity and awareness.

2. The Signs of the Hour

-The slave girl giving birth to her mistress is interpreted in different ways (some scholars say it refers to social changes or widespread disobedience).

- Shepherds competing in building tall structures refers to the rapid development of cities and wealth among those who were previously poor.

3. Jibril (AS) Teaching Method

- Jibril (AS) asked structured questions to clarify the fundamentals of Islam.

- The way he asked and confirmed answers shows that knowledge should be learned actively.

4. The Nature of the Unseen

-The Prophet saw emphasized that the exact time of the Day of Judgment is known only to Allah.

This hadith is often called the “Hadith of Jibril (AS)” because it was an interaction where Jibril (AS) directly taught the companions about Islam. It remains one of the most important hadiths for understanding the fundamentals of the religion.

Believing in Allah is the most important pillar of Iman. It means:

-Believing that Allah exists - He is the Creator of everything.

- Allah is One - He has no partners, children, or equals.

-Allah is Eternal -He was never born, nor will He ever die.

-Allah is Unique -Nothing is like Him.

This belief is explained in Surah Al-Ikhlas:

-Say: He is Allah, the One. Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born. And there is none like Him.-

(Quran 112:1-4)

2- The belief in the existence of angels:

The belief in the existence of angels is the essence of the second pillar of faith in Islam, and without it, one’s Iman isn’t complete.

Angels have different roles in Islamic history; the revelation of the Quran to Muhammed (PBUH) was done by Jibreel; an angel, blowing the trumpet on the day of judgment is carried out by Israfeel, the questioning of human beings in their graves is carried out by Munkar and Nakeer.

We are also told that death is the responsibility of Azrael, Malik is in charge of the gates of Hell, and Ridwan is in charge of the gates of Heaven.

Therefore, to believe in the day of judgment, the revelation of the Quran, the questioning of human beings after death, Hell, and Heaven, one must believe in the existence of angels.

Allah stresses the importance of believing in the existence of angels in Surah An-Nisa: “Indeed, whoever denies Allah, his angels, his books, his messengers, and the last day has clearly gone far astray”.

The belief in angels entails a strong belief in Allah; as angels are invisible creations of Allah’s, and human beings can’t see them, but to have our hearts full of the belief in Allah and Islam, we need to believe in the existence of angels and believe the attributes bestowed upon them by Allah.

3- The belief in the holy books of Allah:

The belief in the holy books of Allah is the third pillar of faith, and the importance of believing in those holy books lies in their nature and significance.

These books are not the words of human beings but are Allah’s words. Whether Suhof of Ibrahim, Zaboor of Dawood, Torah of Mosa, Injeel of Eisa, or Quran of Mohammed (Peace be upon all of them), they all are Allah’s words, revealed to Allah’s messengers, by Allah’s angels.

These holy books contain the message of Allah to us human beings, consisting of all the commands we need to obey, and the warnings of things we need to be aware of.

Therefore, in order to completely believe in Allah, we need to believe in his words as well, and in order to have the faith required to obey Allah’s order, we have to acknowledge the holiness of these books and their purpose.

Allah Almighty stresses the importance of having a strong belief in his holy book; the Quran, in Surah Al-Baqarah: “This is the Book! There is no doubt about it, a guide for those mindful of Allah”.

Believing in Allah also means obeying Him, following His commands, and worshiping Him alone.

Without the belief that the messengers of Allah are indeed the messengers of Allah and not ordinary man, human beings wouldn’t be able to believe in the holy books revealed to them, or accept to follow them and obey their commands.

Allah’s messengers are the bridge between human beings and Allah; they receive the revelation and offer it to others, and they guide human beings through their journey towards knowing Allah, and not believing in them is equivalent to not believing in the whole religion.

For these reasons, the belief in the messengers of Allah has become the fourth pillar of faith in Islam, and one’s Islam isn’t to be considered complete without a complete belief in all Allah’s messengers.

Allah’s prophets and messengers who are worshiped as Gods by others; such as Mosa and Eisa must not be dismissed and looked over when one is cultivating their belief in Allah’s messengers; as they are originally Allah’s messengers.

They also must receive the utmost respect and admiration as all the other messengers. In fact, verbally disrespecting those false deities is forbidden; as it’s disrespectful to the real persons; Allah’s messengers.

5- The belief in the day of Judgment:

The belief in the day of judgment comes fifth on the list of pillars of Iman. 

The belief in the reasonable is normal, but the challenge lies in the strong Iman that is required for things beyond the understanding of our limited human brains. 

The day of judgment is situated at the end of time, and everything we know of it challenges the natural rules of the world, yet our belief in it must be undying.

The day of judgment inspires us to discipline our hearts and minds, and force ourselves to abide by the rules of Islam; as the day of judgment is when all human beings are held accountable for their actions during their lives. 

So, without a strong and unwavering belief in the day of judgment, human beings wouldn’t have an encouraging reason that keeps them from corrupting the world.

6- The belief in the divine decree:

The final and sixth pillar of Iman is the belief in the divine decree, or Qadar, whether good or bad.

This pillar of Iman holds an eternal question; Are human beings’ choices their actual choices, or are they the unchangeable destiny of Allah? They are both.

While major events of our lives like whether or not we will get sick, when and where we are born, when and where we will die, our spouses, and our future children are inevitable fate and destiny, our own actions are of our own choice.

The belief in the divine decree means the belief that our lives aren’t controlled by us, but are controlled by Allah, who has designed our whole lives for us in advance but is yet giving us the chance to sometimes make choices of our own.

This idea that we have no real major control over our lives can be terrifying for some, but for us Muslims, it inspires an unrivaled sense of relief in our hearts: Allah, our creator, is the one in charge of our lives. Then, all Qadar is good and Khair.

Ihsan is the highest level of faith in Islam. The Prophet saw defined it in the Hadith of Jibril:

“It is to worship Allah as if you see Him, and though you do not see Him, know that He sees you.”(Sahih Muslim 8)

Ihsan means:

-Being sincere in worship.

-Doing good with excellence.

-Always being aware of Allah’s presence.

A person with Ihsan strives for the best in faith, character, and actions, seeking Allah’s pleasure in everything.

Eschatology in Islam (Beliefs about the Afterlife)

Islamic eschatology deals with the end of the world, resurrection, and the afterlife. It includes:

1. Signs of the Last Day -Minor and major signs before Judgment Day.

2. Death and the Grave - The soul’s journey and questioning in the grave.

3. Resurrection-Everyone will be brought back to life.

4. Day of Judgment (Yawm al-Qiyamah)-Deeds will be weighed, and everyone will be judged.

5. Paradise (Jannah) and Hell (Jahannam)-The final destinations based on one’s deeds.

Belief in the afterlife encourages Muslims to live righteously, knowing they will be accountable for their actions.

Adab and Akhlaq are both important in Islam but have different focuses:

Adab: Refers to good manners and proper etiquette in social interactions. It focuses on outward behavior, such as speaking politely, showing respect to elders, and following cultural and religious norms.

Akhlaq: Refers to moral character and inner virtues, like honesty, patience, humility, and compassion. It focuses on internal values that shape one’s actions and decisions.

While adab is about how you behave externally, akhlaq is about who you are internally. Good akhlaq naturally leads to good adab.

Summary of Surah Maryam (Verses 41-50):

These verses tell the story of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham, peace be upon him) and his attempt to guide his father away from idol worship:

1. Verse 41: Allah describes Ibrahim as truthful and a prophet.

2. Verses 42-45: Ibrahim gently questions his father about worshiping idols that cannot see, hear, or help. He invites his father to follow him to the truth and warns him of the consequences of following Satan.

3. Verse 46: His father angrily rejects his message, threatens to stone him, and demands that he leave.

4. Verse 47: Ibrahim responds with peace and respect, promising to pray for his father’s forgiveness.

5. Verse 48: He decides to distance himself from idol worship but remains hopeful in his prayers to Allah.

6. Verse 49: Allah rewards him with righteous descendants Isaac and Jacob both prophets.

7. Verse 50: Allah grants them mercy and makes them honored and respected.

Lessons:

Ibrahim showed patience, respect, and wisdom, even when rejected.

-He balanced love for his father with his commitment to the truth.

-His faith and perseverance were rewarded with blessings and honor.

These verses teach us to approach others kindly and remain steadfast in faith, even in difficult situations.

-nasihat dengan hikmah(kebijaksanaan)

3ways to get hikmah :

-setting the right niah : for the sake of Allah

to attain Allah swt’s reward and draw oneself to the Almighty

how to know that we set the right niyyah

-sincerity

-pure intention

-clarity

-focus

-consistency

2)applying the right amal

-niyyah & ways in applying it needs to be aligned

-immitate prophets

3)internalizing ihsan/positive virtues

-do anything as Allah is beside us

-do it in a right way

first example of ibadah

1)act of kindness

reasons:shape the true character of muslim

trains soul to be more sincere and sensitive to others

-earns long lasting rewards

reasons

from hardship

puasa:gain healthy

-train temptations

-discipline

-immitate prophets deeds

solat

islamic rituals

one of the five pillars of islam

reasons

obligation

spritual connection-Communication w Allah and strengthen connection w God

nourish soul n clean our sins

physically and mentally exercises

surah Al baqarah (2:43)

first thing that Allah gonna ask in resurrection daYs

benefits

-source of inner peace(bring calmness and tranquility to the heart by reconnecting the soul w Allah)

-souece of blessings and sustenance

maintaning prayer brings blessibgs in life includibg peace

improve physical heatlh

-imrove flexibility and posture

-enhance blood circulation

Virtues Found in Salah with Khushu

1. Al-Ta’ah (Submission / Loyalty)
   

   • Obey Allah fully.

   • Do what Allah commands with sincerity.

   • Stand, bow, and prostrate because He commands it.

     
     

2. Al-Jihad (Struggle in the Path of Allah)
   

   • Fight against your desires.

   • The biggest struggle is against yourself.

   • Salah teaches self-control and discipline.

     
     

3. Muhasabah (Reflection)
   

   • Reflect on your sins and weaknesses.

   • Salah is a time to check yourself.

   • Use prayer as a moment to return to Allah.

     
     

4. Iffah (Modesty / Self-restraint)
   

   • Control yourself from sin and wrong actions.

   • Salah protects from immorality.

   • Modesty grows through prayer.

     
     

     
     

1. Sabr (Patience & Forbearance)
   

   • Teaches self-control.

   • Builds mental strength.

   • Helps us stay calm.

   • Makes us trust Allah’s plans.

   
   

2. Takrim (Respect & Deference)
   

   • Respect for suhoor and iftar.

   • Teaches us to value our bodies.

   • Promotes discipline and polite speech.

   • Encourages respect for Ramadan and others.

   
   

3. Rahmah (Friendliness)
   

   • Builds empathy.

   • Encourages kindness and charity.

   • Strengthens family and community ties.

   • Inspires unity in the ummah.

   
   

Virtues Found in Zakah / Sadaqah

1. Tawakkul (Reliance on Allah)
   

   • Giving shows trust in Allah.

   • Teaches us not to fear losing wealth.

   • Replaces greed with contentment.

     
     

2. Ukhuwah (Brotherhood)
   

   • Builds love and care in the community.

   • Unites hearts and reduces the gap between rich and poor.

   • Strengthens ties and creates empathy.

     
     

These sessions also taught me how to reflect on my actions and be more responsible in my daily life as a student, a friend, and a member of the ummah. I learned the importance of time management, discipline, and surrounding myself with good company.

Moving forward, I aim to apply what I learn in my daily life, improve my ibadah (worship), and continue seeking knowledge to become a better Muslim and role model to others. I hope to be more active in contributing to the usrah and supporting my peers in their journey as well.