For long, humans have always yearned to know about all things which exist. This quest is often accompanied with creating and discovering. Even after many millennia of advancement, it is an overt fact that we uncovered only an exiguous amount of universe and ourselves. Perhaps the quintessential frontier for the human race, in the field of computation and bionics is "Artificial Intelligence".

 The compilation of research and experimentation, right from the incipience of modern  computation has alleviated the current research in this field. Targeted research in the fields of computer science and bionics has augmented and hastened the process of AI-Human union,

and analysis of computational agents that act intelligently. An agent is something that acts in an environment-it does something.

An agent acts intelligently when

1. What it does is appropriate for its circumstances and its goal.

2. It is flexible to changing environments and changing goals.

3. It learns from experience.

4.It makes appropriate choices given its perceptual and computational limitations.

The subject of AI spans a wide horizon. It deals with the various kinds of knowledge representation schemes ,different techniques of intelligent search ,different schemes for automated machine learning and many others .the subject of AI has been enriched with a wide discipline of knowledge from philosophy ,psychology ,cognitive science ,game playing, theorem proving, language &image understanding ,robotics and navigation, computer science, mathematics and engineering.

Among the application areas of AI, we have expert systems , game playing, and theorem proving, natural language processing(NLP) ,image recognition ,robotics and many others  .some of the applications of AI are as follows:

Game playing

You can buy machines that can play master level chess for a few hundred dollars. There is some AI in that. They play well against people mainly through brute force computation –looking at hundreds and thousands of positions.to beat a world champion by brute force and known reliable heuristics requires being able to look at 200 million positions per second.

Speech recognition

In the  1990s,computer speech recognition reached a practical level for  limited purposes .thus united  airlines has replaced its keyboard tree for flight information by a system using speech recognition of flight numbers and city names, it is quite convenient. on the other hand, while it is possible to instruct some computers using speech, most users have gone back to keyboard and mouse as still more convenient.

Although there are many evidences regarding humanoid structures and artificial structures of various parts- right from the greeks, the actual research has started after the inception of computation i.e, in 1950's. From the instance where, John Mccarthy has coined this term in 1955, Artificial Intelligence has been a prioritized project in almost all computer science labs around the globe. Highly confidential research takes place in the field of bionics and computer science in central run labs, which is solely for military purpose.

In this matter, majority of population will conciliate your argument. The world needs some radical and quick changes in many fields of social and environmental strata in order to ensure the mere survival of human race. By looking at the current social scenario and the miniscule amount of vegetation cover near our homes we tend to get the same doubts. But the scientists and governments(atleast a few) around the map have a much bigger perspective.

    A lot of research and development in going on in the fields of environment and economics for sure, but in the not-so-far future there will be many changes in our environment and there might also be a possibility where our strength and intelligence are tested in a demanding manner. Longevity, resistance to diseases, enhanced capabilities and many other fantasies will become mere necessities in future. Keeping this picture in mind, it is elementary for the research in this field to continue.

CVAI lab : IISC

CDAC Mumbai

AIDB lab : IIT Madras

DRDO

ROBITA

these are the places in India,

where the research is going on.

Some of the international research centres are

NICTA in Australia

AIAI in United Kingdom      

                -Jyotsna

Title :  artificial intelligence and soft computing

other titles : behavioral and cognitive modelling of the human brain

Keywords:  artificial intelligence ,catastrophic  forgetting, computing, evolutionary algorithm, artificial neural network ,neural modularity

Issue date:   2000

Publisher:  CRC publisher

ISBN:  0-8493-1385-6

Appears in collection: E- Books

Some of the journals I have gone through to undertake this project are

2.http://www.eecs.wsu.edu/-holder/pubs/HolderlJAlT06.pdf

3.http://www.elsevier.com/journals/subjects/computer-science

These are also some reputed journals on artificial intelligence

journals : 1. Artificial intelligence

2. applied soft computing

Some of the youtube video links I referred are as below

https://youtu.be/5rNKtramE-I

https://youtu.be/dnOOJdKFMQc

the links and the information of the sources i have used to collect data is stated below

Introduction:

In this age of technology- we humans are restlessly striving to excel in being creators (to set a loop within our nature) and to master the wonder of nature - life. In the last century to be specific, in past few decades our scientists and researchers achieved many spectacular discoveries regarding Life and the aspects involved in its perpetuation. In recent times a sector started to attract attention of people - artificial intelligence. As science advanced, inventions advanced to the stage of creating self-thinking capacity. With the irresistible wish to conquer the secrets hidden by nature scientists started to mimic life and to create those characters artificially. The bio-mimicry of cells: the primitive sign of life lead to another branch in technology called nanotechnology. Small machines of dimensions in terms of nano-meters are called nanobots.

  What if these nanobots are equipped with self-thinking capacity? What if they possess artificial intelligence? What if they can perform activities by thinking on their own and drawing conclusions on their own? This, certainly is a revolutionary idea – nanobots with Artificial intelligence. Nanobots as Nano-mites or nanites are being used in researches to find diagnosis of various ailments. Nanobots can be used in many ways and every possible way opens a new path in our lives.

In 1959 Feynman spoke of these tiny-machines during a lecture where he talked about litt which can be used for serving us and do things which we can’t do by physical means, even at microscopic level .He caught the nerve of audience with this:

' I don’t know how to do this on a small scale in a practical way, but I do know that computing machines are very large; they fill rooms. Why can’t we make them very small, make them of little wires, little elements, and by little, I mean little? '

Unfortunately no much information is available regarding this application of artificial intelligence. The prior reason for this is the complexities involved in making a nanobot and moreover controling them. The research regarding this sub-sector is still confidential and shown no much progress till date.

There are many projects undergoing work around the world in moving nanomites to higher level by imparting artificial intelligence in them but no success was heard till now.

Much of the information that I gathered is from internet.

http://www.openculture.com/2013/04/richard_feynman_introduces_the_world_to_nanotechnology.html

http://pubs.sciepub.com/bse/2/2/3/ 

This is the link which leads to an article in which achievement of Penn State University researches regarding control of nanomites is discussed

http://science.psu.edu/news-and-events/2014-news/Mallouk2-2014

What if nanobots can replace damaged neurons... check this out.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=R-2Xw-GNkUQ

Our immune system is designed in such a way that it can run on its own to protect our body.What if some ailment occurs which cannot be dealt by our immune system ? Let us assume that immune system of an individual got damaged ,what will be his state .In these circumstances what if we have an alternate immunity provider like nanomites which can detect the problem in a certain part of body and can repair the fault in there .This proves worthy and lot useful.If nanomites are equipped with AI and injected into blood stream. They will function as our missing antibodies and many more . They can be used even for killing cancer cells

• Discussion forum on blog.quiesta.com:

  http://blog.questia.com/2014/04/todays-cyborgs-science-articles-discuss-man-machine/

• TedX talks :

  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jxlx9SZEAk;

  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rNKtramE-I

• News analysis:

  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-B4Y6YbkhmU

• An article in MNN online news supplement regarding some of the famous human - cyborgs:

  http://www.mnn.com/leaderboard/stories/7-real-life-human-cyborgs

• Some other journals discussing the present and future of cyborgs :

  http://www.newsweek.com/2014/08/08/cyborgs-are-walking-among-us-262132.html

  ;

  http://www.livescience.com/10317-future-cyborgs-walk.html

• The digital journal website discussing about the viability of this technology provides an interesting view towards this matter of Union.

  http://www.digitaljournal.com/science/super-rich-elite-of-semi-human-cyborgs-will-rule-the-human-race/article/434175

• Even though the above sources provide valuable insights into this subject, the crown is dedicated to a thesis paper in the Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab , Italy, presented by Andrea Gaggioli, Marco Vettorello, Giuseppe Riva in the year 2003.

  http://www.psychnology.org/File/PSYCHNOLOGY_JOURNAL_1_2_GAGGIOLI.pdf

• I cannot end this list of mine without mentioning one of the most famous cyborg fictional character- ROBO COP :).

Here is an interesting video, showing Stephen Hawking talking about AI and its effect on humans.

Swarm intelligence is a term coined to the collective behavior of decentralized, self organized systems, natural or artificial. This is the basic Idea of artificial intelligence being imparted in making nanites.

We observe in nature - many species work together as a community to perform a activity- like food search that ants carry as a community.If an Ant is left on its own - task won't get accomplished as a group they do it. In a similar way , nanites can be put to work with this principle

Yes ,Apart from medical sciences nanobots can be used in many other fields.Apart from nanites being used as nano- doctors to heal from within they can be employed as building blocks in micro robots.They can act as artificial minute units to make relatively bigger machines and as mentioned swarm intelligence . There is this video from Transformers: Age of extinction which will give an idea of what a group of nanobots can be used for...

An analogy of nanobots is presented in here as programmable matter.

They can be used in warfare,

miniature structure designing and many more applications are yet to follow

• AI (Artificial Intelligence): It's complex, which is the reason these any posts needed to be displayed just to describe it.
• Cyborgs: A being which consists of both human and robotic parts, which aid in maneuvering and thinking. ( Never saw TERMINATOR ?)
• Nano-Bots: Imagine very tiny flying robots. That pretty much sums it up.

This whole AI- Human interaction might seem like a new age mash-up, which is the case as it stands. It has a few important uses in the current world.

• Prosthetics are extremely important to disabled people. This technology uses the crucial elements of the described Union.
• Studying psychological activity on other animals, based on laws grounded to Artificial Intelligence.
• Immensely helpful, while used as an aid for people who work in extreme and dangerous environments

2.modular neural network  -  an artificial neural network characterized by a series of independent neural networks moderated by some intermediary

3.Neuromodulation   the physiological process by which a given neuron uses one or more neurotransmitters to regulate diverse populations of neurons.

4.Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is the manufacturing approach of using computers to control the entire production process.

5.EXPERT SYSYTEMS - Artificial intelligence based system that converts the knowledge of an expert in a specific subject into a software code.

2. Is application of artificial intelligence in every field helpful to mankind?

3. how can machines act accordingly and learn

4.How wide is the range of artificial intelligence?

5.what is the basic aim of this topic?

These are for those interested in artificial intelligence and beginner to the study of this vast field

1.swarm intelligence

2.pattern recognition

3.global optimization

4.evolutionary algorithms

5.robotics

6.computer science

After going through large amount of information which I gathered to present in this padlet I came across few new terms - scientific terms

# SWARM Intelligence

which means the collective behavior of decentralized, self organized systems, natural or artificial.

# neural networks

The network system of neurons ,the basic unit of nervous system is called neural network

# nanites

The tiny robots which can be controlled and can be used to perform commanded operations

And also the research in nanobots which is yet to be developed. So we can agree with Prabhu's cyborg thing

Pardhu-

Yes Prabhu, human AI interface will provide a new world but I feel that nanobots associated with AI will prove to be more useful like all those sci-fi movies in which they were put to use .This is something that I gathered I feel like they will provide a better future.

Prabhu- As I have already mentioned, although this nanobots concept seems fascinating, it is still far away to realize. It could be important in daily life, especially in medical research and treatment - I don't deny that fact, But just try to understand the current progress and immense  potential of AI-Human Interaction. We can probably imagine a society of future without nanobots in it, with a few back shifts of course, but when this Union is even a quarter way through- humans can perform herculean tasks and do jobs that we cannot even imagine are possible. I personally would bet on investing in a project of Cyborg Operations if given a chance.

Pardhu-

Don't you feel like it would be a better idea - strive to preserve our own-self rather than crossing the limit decided by nature?

Jyotsna-

Yes, I too think that. Though the nanobots have  vast applications, that is still in the budding stage.

It is rather tough to go deeper in to the topic and realise the subject.

Prabhu-

The entire evolution- progress and cycle of humans has been to push beyond the frontier. I do agree that there are certain ultimate frontiers everywhere- in society, in thinking and in discovery too. For example, no one would even dare to question the very existence of universe. But the ability of humans is something which is in fact better to develop. As long as humans strive to survive, we must strive to progress.

Jyotsna

Though it has a good scope , the resources for our project will be very few as the research is going on but not published.

So we cannot get a clear idea on nanobots.

Pardhu-

So both of you want to say that the nanobots with AI is something that's out of possible ?

Prabhu-

Nanobots right now are nothing more than designs and dreams. They will sure be practical, but I fear not in the near future. Everyone would love to see them. That's for sure. Currently, the right thing to invest on is the Union, but to some extent on nano-technology too.

But you know what I seem to make out of all our posts? Everything is related and has a purpose. Who knows what would cause the dawn of nanobots are the perfect Union? We can say one thing for sure, Artificial Intelligence is the flowing elixir through all these projects. As for the question regarding the future of AI?  Only time and usage will decide .................

Pardhu-

Yes, I too feel that it's true about nanobots being a dream in near future and the most feasible application that we discussed in this padlet would be the cyborg application of Artificial Intelligence nevertheless I'm quite sure that one day in future AI will make a leap and bring new age in technology as well as our lives.

Jyotsna-

So ,can we conclude our topic to cyborg application of artificial intelligence?

Prabhu-

It certainly seems so.