Age : 18 years old

Hometown : Ipoh, Perak

Secondary school : Sekolah Menengah Raja Dr. Nazrin Shah

Matric no. : 215994

Number to contact : 018-9545565

Email : hanihadhirah07@gmail.com

Mahallah : Fatimah Az-Zahraa

Course : Foundation in Arabic

Usrah Assistant : Nurul Afaf Musyhfiqah binti Mohd Adib

Usrah Group : Group 68

Hobby : Reading, cooking and singing

1. Etiquette with lecturers [whenever you want to ask question (through message), you have to introduce yourself first and apologize for disturbing/ Other than that, check if the lecturer have some free times before asking questions so that they won't be disturbed]

2. Etiquette with friends [have some respects, sharing knowledge and helping each other are encouraged]

3. General etiquette [give greetings (salam) to those who we know or those who we don't]

Our Responsibilities as Muslims (in the context of seeking knowledge)

1. Servants of Allah [the purpose of life in this world is to worship Allah./ counted as worship./ Surah Al-Furqan (verses 63-74)-(i) Servants of Allah who are blessed are those who do everything with the intention for Allah, and who walk on earth humbly (not arrogantly)-(ii) Whoever performs night prayers (qiamullail) can also attain Allah's pleasure-(iii) Allah's pleasure is closely to the pleasure of parents.]Having the right intention for Allah is also

2. Khalifah (Vicegerent) [we are khalifah for ourselves./ Surah Al-Baqarah (verse 30)./ The title is also given to leaders of the Muslim community.]

3. The Best Nation [ Surah Al-Imran (verse 110)./ the way to be best nation is to enjoin good and forbid evil./ "Knowledge is light, and it comes from Allah, and that light will not come to those who commit sins.]

4. A Balanced Ummah (Nation) in Worldly Life and Hereafter [ Surah Al-Baqarah (verse 143)./ we must not prioritize one (world or Hereafter) excessively over the other.]

• The mother of all hadiths (Ummu Sunnah)

• Regarding to the Pillars of Islam : [(i)Shahadah (testimony taht Allah is God and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah)/(ii)Prayer (pillar of religion, even when we are sick we still have to pray because it's IMPOSTANT)/(iii)Zakat (obligatory, to balance between the poor and the rich, and also to cleanse wealth)/(iv)Fasting (restraining oneself from eating, drinking & sins)/(v)Hajj (pillar of worship, bound by financial and physical health; only those who can able perform Hajj)]

• Etiquette of seeking knowledge : [Wear neat and clean clothes/ do not interrupt the teacher before they are finish lecturing/ do not ask questions to show off/ be honest (if you don't understand, just say you don't)/ choose good friends who become examples of goodness (the best companions are those who remind us of goodness)]

• Regarding the Pillars of Faith : [(i)Belief in Allah (believe and practice His commands & avoid His prohibitions)/(ii)Belief in Angels (inseen matters, so we must believe as explained in the Qur'an and Sunnah)/(iii)Belief in the Scriptures (our scripture as the people of Prophet Muhammad is the Qur'an)/(iv)Belief in the Messengers (believe in Prophet Muhammad)/(v)Belief in the Day of Judgement (the Last Day)/(vi)Belief in Qada' and Qadar (divine decree that Allah has set, whether good or bad)]

• Regarding Ihsan : [The quality of showing kindness and compassion to fellow human beings.]

• Regarding the Day of Judgement : [Only Allah knows when it will happen, but we can know the signs of the Last Day (for example : more women than men/what is right becomes wrong, and what is wrong becomes right/natural disasters/tall buildings)and many more.]

• Faith linguistically : to believe, to affirm as true.

• Faith in Islamic terms : to believe in Prophet Muhammad PBUH and everything he brought, and to believe in all matters of religion that we know of.

• Condition for the perfection of faith : practicing and performing acts of worship.

• Why does Allah call Himself "Allah" and not with another name? It is because "Allah" has its own uniqueness - even if one letter from the word is removed, the remaining letters still carry meanings that ultimately point back to Allah alone.

• The Qur'an is the ultimate guide and source of guidance.

1. Belief in Allah [Surah Al-Hajj 22 / Surah Al-Ikhlas](How to prove belief in Allah : uphold amar ma'ruf nahi munkar {enjoining good and forbidding evil}/ reflect on Allah's creation and admire it/ believe in everything Allah states in the Qur'an).

2. Belief in Angels [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:30/ Surah Al-Infitar 82:10-12](Roles of Angels : deliver revelation to the Prophets and Messengers/ guard and protect humans/ record every deed we do)(Natures of Angels : created from light/ do not sleep, only worship Allah, and have no desires/ possess khalqiyyah {physical qualities - they can only appear as men} and khuluqiyyah {inner qualities - servitude, humility}/ they have wings/ they perform tawaf around al-Bayt al-Ma'mur in heavens)(Ten main Angels and their tasks : 1. Jibril - conveys revelation/ 2. Mikail - distributes sustenance/ 3. Israfil - blows the trumpet/ 4. Izrail - takes souls at death/ 5. Munkar & Nakir - question people in the grave/ 6. Raqib - records good deeds/ 7. Atid - records bad deeds/ 8. Malik - guardian of Hellfire/ 9. Ridwan - guardian of Paradise).

3. Belief in the Divine Books [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:1-2/2:136/2:185](Allah has preserved the Qur'an from the beginning until now/ there are four main divine scriptures : Zabur, Taurat, Injil, and Qur'an/ revelation of the Qur'an : from Allah to Lawh Mahfuz to Bayt al-'Izzah)(Ways to prove belief in the Qur'an : practice it in daily life/ understands and reflect upon its meanings/ teach and share it with others)(Virtues of the Qur'an : proof of the truth of Islam/ the everlasting miracle of Prophet Muhammad PBUH/ contains accounts of the past, present, and future).

4. Belief in the Messenger

• muslims must believe in all Messengers, but Prophet Muhammad SAW is the final one.

• from Surah Nuh, we learn that a Messenger duty is only to convey Allah's message, not to force belief.

• their main call is to tawhid (worship only Allah), seek forgiveness, and show gratitude.

• disbelievers face punishment, as shown by the flood during Prophet Nuh's time.

• Prophets show great patience - Prophet Nuh preached for over 150 years with only a few followers.

• a prophet is not commanded to deliver a new message, while a Messenger must deliver revelation from Allah.

• all Messengers called people to Islam (Surah Al-Anbiya' 25), and obeying them equals obeying Allah (Surah An-Nisa' 80).

• requirements of a Messenger : call people to worship Allah, guide them to obedience, and lead them to the straight path.

• conditions : must be male, receive revelation, and be commanded to deliver it.

• special qualities of Prophet Muhammad SAW : he was ma'sum (protected from doing sins), sent to both humans and jinns, feared by his enemies, allowed to use spoils of war, and granted intercession.

• ways to follow him : be grateful, patient, humble, repent often, live simply, and tolerate others.

5. Belief in the Last Day

• belief in the Last Day means accepting that the world will end and that all humans will be resurrected for judgement.

• deeds will weighed - those with more good deeds enter Paradise, others face punishment.

• importance : the Qur'an confirms it, all Messengers warned about it, and it reminds us to be careful in our actions.

• effects : strengthens faith and obedience, shows Allah's power, build love and fear of Allah (Surah Al-Ghafur 16), and motivates us to do good deeds.

6. Belief in Qada' and Qadar (Divine Decrree and Predestination)

• Qada' means Allah's eternal decree (general), and Qadar means the detailed execution of that decree (specific).

• four components : 1. Knowledge - Allah knows everything (past, present, and future)./ 2. Writing : everything is written in al-Lawh al-Mahfuz, supplication can change what happens./ 3. Will - nothing occurs without Allah's will (Surah At-Takwir 29)./ 4. Creation - Allah created life, death, and everything to test us (Surah Al-Mulk 2).

• benefits : believing in it brings optimism, reduces worry, gives strength in trials, teaches humility and gratitude, removes jealousy, and inspires continuous good deeds.

• evidence in Surah An-Nahl verse 90 : to act justly/holistically.

• Ma'ruf : naturally means doing good.

• Munkar : leads to sin.

• Ihsan : a collection of noble morals [Surah Al-Ahzab verses 23-24 : 1. Do not associate partners with Allah/ 2. Ihsan towards parents/ 3. Always supplicate to Allah].

• We believe Allah is watching every action of ours - meaning of "perform worship as if we see Allah".

• Ibadah Khassah : obligatory worship.

• Ibadah 'Aammah : seeking knowledge or any act we intend for Allah.

• Allah has placed ihsan in us, for example, when we are slaughtering animals, we must show compassion.

• The word ihsan comes from ahsana, meaning to do good.

ESCHATOLOGY

• Surah Al-A'raf verse 187 : only Allah knows when the Day of Judgement will happen.

• Signs of the Day of Judgement are divided into minor and major.

• Minor signs : 1. Women outnumber men/ 2. Increases in earthquakes/ 3. Many good deeds rejected (done with showing off)/ 4. Many female singers and musical instruments become popular/ 5. People believe in astrology (zodiac predictions)/ 6. Time passes quickly/ 7. The Arab lands become green/ 8. The Euphrates River in Iraq will uncover gold (it will dry up and people will fight over it's treasure)/ 9. Some people will claim to be Imam Mahdi (though Imam Mahdi himself will not know he is Mahdi)/ 10. The poor compete to build tall buildings (for pride and vanity).

• Major signs : 1. The emergence of the Dajjal (100 years before Prophet Isa A.S is sent | born from unlawful relations between jinn and humans | raised on an island | at birth he refused milk and always slept)/ 2. Yajuj and Makjuj (Gog and Magog)/ 3. A wind that takes the lives of Muslims/ 4. The smoke (dukhan) (believers will only suffer mild illness, but disbelievers will suffers severely; it will cover the East and West for 14 days)/ 5. The descent of Prophet Isa A.S/ 6. The appearance of the Beast (Dabbah)/ 7. The sun rising from the West.

• There are many names for the Day of Judgement in the Qur'an.

• Surah Al-Zalzalah {The Earthquake} : this surah describes the horror of the event.

ADDITIONAL NOTES

• Shia view of Imam Mahdi : 1. They believe Imam Mahdi is in hiding/ 2. They believe the Qur'an we have now is incomplete, and Imam Mahdi hold the true Qur'an.

• Characteristics of Imam Mahdi : 1. His name is the same as Prophet Muhammad's/ 2. From the lineage of Sayyidina Ali/ 3. Born in Madinah/ 4. Broad forehead and sharp nose/ 5. Will fill the earth with justice/ 6. Has a mark between his shoulders like Prophet Muhammad/ 7. Will unite with Prophet Isa A.S/ 8. Prophet Isa will pray behind him/ 9. In his era, the world will feel abundant in everything/ 10. His uniqueness : if he plantsdry wood, it will turn green and leafy.

• Trials of Dajjal : 1. Can bring down rain/ 2. Touches the ground and makes crops grow/ 3. Can resurrect the dead.

• Yajuj and Makjuj (Gog and Magog) : 1. Descendants of Prophet Nuh Through his third son/ 2. Features : wide face, small eyes, blonde hair/ 3. Will emerge from high places/ 4. Their faces look like hammered shields when they appear/ 5. Their numbers : out of every 200, only 1 is human, the rest from their kind/ 6. They will break through the barrier/ 7. They will destroy everything on earth.

• A wind will come from Yemen to take the lives of Muslims - even those with faith as small as mustard seed.

• The Day of Judgement will happen to people with the worst character, worse than the people of Jahiliyyah - because they received da'wah but rejected it, while the Jahiliyyah had no da'wah. These people's prayers will never be answered. The Final Hour will come when Allah's name is no longer mentioned.

• meaning : rules/discipline in doin something according to the situation.

• akhlak (morality) : inner qualities that produce actions, wether goof or bad.

Adab towards Parents

• based on Surah Maryam verses 41-45 : dialogue between Prophet Ibrahim and his father

• 1. Prophet Ibrahim's father was an idol-maker and idol-worshipper.

• 2. Prophet Ibrahim advised his father.

• 3. It comforted Prophet Muhammad SAW that he was not the only opposed by his family, but Prophet Ibrahim too.

• 4. Even though his father opposed him, Prophet Ibrahim still advised him gently and lovely.

• 5. Prophet Ibrahim invited his father with kindness.

• 6. Prophet Ibrahim expressed his concern that his father shoul not follow Satan.

• 7. Prophet Ibrahim does not want his father to suffer Allah's punishment.

• 8. His father expelled him because he disliked his call.

• 9. Prophet Ibrahim replied with : "Peace be upon you, I will seek forgiveness from Allah for you." (Note : Later, when the ruling was revealed, it became forbidden to seek forgiveness for disbelievers.)

• 10. Propeht Ibrahim also said : "Do not worry, Allah will take care of me."

Adab towards Neighbours

• always greet or give salam.

• help whenever in difficulty.

• respect neighbours' rights (Example : if we have own a cat and the cat dirties their house, it is wrong because it is obviously their right)

• exchange gifts or foods.

• ensure their safety.

• mind our speech everytime when we talk.

• keep the surroundings clean.

• be patient with their behaviour.

• arabic proverb : "The neighbour before the house." means before we buy a house, we have to consider about the neighbourhood lives first.

Adab in Learning

• be sincere in our heart in seeking knowledge for the sake of Allah.

• make dua before studying and dua to remember the knowledge that we had learned.

• perform prayers and increase good deeds as much as possible.

Adab towards Teachers

• show respect to the teachers.

• pay attention to their teaching in the class.

• do not raise our voice when we talk to our teachers.

• always make dua for our teachers.

Adab towards Knowledge

• study earnestly and do not be lazy.

• take care of our books.

Adab towards Friends

• share our knowledge with friends.

• do not cheat in exams because it will be unfair for the other friends.

Adab towards Oneself

• maintain the cleanliness of our clothes.

• manage our time properly (Two blessing that often people neglected : 1. Health/ 2. Free time)

Reflection : I am able to gain new knowledge from time to time through this usrah, whether it is about the Prophets, our faith, or the unseen matters that we should know and believe in.

Suggestion Improvement : I suggest that whenever we discuss about a topic in our usrah, the usrah assistant need to explain more and give some example just like what my usrah assistant did. Other than that, I suggest that every usrah assistant need to be provided a microphone so that will make them to talk with a louder and clear voice.

Our appreciation for nature :

• we should be grateful, respectful, and loving toward the nature that Allah has created.

• nature provides us with air, water, food, and many other blessings.

• as human beings, we have the responsibility to take good care of this world.

From the Islamic perspective :

• Surah Al-A'raf reminds us : "Do not cause corruption on the earth after it has been set in order." . Allah has created the earth beautifully, so we must not destroy it and instead be responsible in preserving the environment.

• ways to protect the nevironment include : 1. Do not litter./ 2. Conserve water./ 3. Practice 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle).

  
  

Issues in Malaysia :

• Deforestation caused by logging and palm oil plantations.

• Air pollution such as haze.

Cause :

• Low public awareness.

• Frequent open burning.

According to Islam :

• Surah Ar-Rum states that corruption has appeared on land and sea because of what humans have done - showing that humans are responsible for damaging nature.

• Surah Ar-Rahman mentions the setting of balance and justice so that we do not go beyond limits in dealing with nature - Islam teaches modeartion and balance.

In conclusion :

• Caring for nature is part of our duty and a reflection of our faith as Muslims. Appreciating nature shows our gratitude to Allah, benefits our health, and brings harmony to life. Loving nature is, in essence, loving the Creator of nature.

Age : 19 years old

Hometown : Ipoh, Perak

Secondary school : Sekolah Menengah Raja Dr. Nazrin Shah

Matric no. : 215994

Number to contact : 018-9545565

Email : hanihadhirah07@gmail.com

Mahallah : Fatimah Az-Zahraa

Course : Foundation in Arabic

Chief Facilitator : Ustazah Nooradilah Binti Mohd Rukon

Facilitator : Fatin Nurezzaty

Usrah Group : Group 44

Hobby : Reading, cooking and singing

Definition of Hikmah :

1. Often translated as "wisdom" or "philosophy".

2. A concept that is highly valued to Islamic thought and is a positive value that can be acquired through 'ibadah (worship).

3. According to Eliza Tasbihi in 2014, Hikmah refers to "the ability to discern the true nature of things and to act accordingly".

4. Means intellect, wisdom, and knowledge.

5. According to Rabi bin Anas, Hikmah means denotes fear of God.

6. According to Ibn Zayd Hikmah means the concept of comprehending the commands of Allah.

7. And lastly, according to Ibn Qutaiba, Hikmah means a blend of knowledge and deed.

Hikmah and Ibadah :

1. In the context of Ibadah, it is believed that engaging in acts of worship can help one to acquire hikmah.

2. 'Ibadah involves not only the performance of physical acts but also the cultivation of inner qualities such as humility, sincerity, and devotion.

3. By engaging with 'ibadah with the right intention and mindset, one can develop these qualities and thereby acquire hikmah.

Hikmah in Islam :

- The messenger of Allah SAW said : "The wise statement is the lost property of the believer, so wherever he finds it, then he is more worthy of it."

Objective of Hikmah in Islam :

1. Helps individual develop a deeper understanding of the religion and to live their lives in accordance with its teachings.

2. It is believed that engaging in cultivation of inner qualities such as humility, sincerity, and devotion.

Hikmah and Education :

- Hikmah pedagogy, a philosophical inquiry approach

- Can empower students by improving their higher-order thinking, developing their inquiry skills and independent thinking

- Which will directly assist in realizing the objectives of the Islamic Education, which are to understand, internalize and practice Islamic principles and values.

Definition of Niyyah :

Refers to the intention or motive behind an act, which is to attain Allah SWT's reward and draw oneself closer to the Almighty.

Niyyah :

1. Setting the right Niyyah is important.

2. Niyyah helps to distinguish between different acts of worship>

3. Niyyah also helps to differentiate between the acts that are solely performed for the sake of Allah or for others.

4. It is believed that any deed performed without Niyyah might not be accepted by Allah SWT.

5. SINCERITY = One should perform the act of worship solely for sake of Allah SWT and not for any other reason.

6. PURITY OF INTENTION = One should make sure that their intention is pure and free from any ulterior motives.

7. CLARITY = One should be clear about what they intend to do and why they intend to do it.

Definition of 'Amal :

1. Refers to the practice of performing good deeds and acts of worship.

2. It is a fundamental aspect of the Islamic faith and is considered to be one of the most important ways in which Muslims can demonstrate their devotion to Allah.

3. 'Amal also believed to have a positive impact on the wider community, as it encourages Muslims to engage in acts of kindness, charity, and service.

'Amal :

1. To apply the right 'Amal, one should strive to perform acts of worship and good deeds with sincerity and devotion.

2. It is important to remember that the intention behind the act is just as important as the act itself.

3. One should also strive to perform acts of worship and good deeds consistently, rather than sporadically.

Hikmah and Education :

1. Fasting

2. Hajj

3. Kindness

4. Salah

5. Zakat

Definition of Ihsan :

1. Refers to positive virtues that are considered to be essential for leading a good life.

2. Some examples that include compassion, honesty, humility, and patience.

3. Internalizing Ihsan may involved making these virtues a part of one's character and way of life.

Ihsan :

1. UNDERSTANDING = One should develop an understanding of the Ihsan and what they look like when they are lived.

2. AWARENESS = One should become aware of the Ihsan and their importance in Islam.

3. ACTION = One should strive to practice the Ihsan in their daily life.

4. REFLECTION = One should reflect o their actions and evaluate whether they are living up to the Ihsan.

5. ACQUISITION = Over time, one can acquire the Ihsan and make them a part of their character and way of life.

Summary :

Ultimately, Hikmah is the "lost property" of the believer that empowers them to understand the true nature of things and live a life aligned with the divine commands.

Through the synergy of Niyyah, 'Amal, and Ihsan, an individual achieves the objective of Islamic education to understand, internalize, and practice Islamic values at the highest level.

Introduction :

• The purpose of creation is to worship Allah SWT as mentioned Surah Al-Dzariyat (51:56) : "And I did not create the jinn and mankind except to worship Me."

Salah :

• According to Surah Al-Ankabut (29:45) : "Recite, [O Muhammad], what has been revealed to you of the Book and establish prayer. Indeed, prayer prohibits immorality and wrongdoing, and the remembrance of Allah is greater. And Allah knows that which you do."

• Instils awareness of Allah, restrains from immoral behavior, and encourages obedience.

Attributes of Salah :

1. IKHLAS : Sincerity for Allah.

2. Fear of Allah.

3. Remembrance of Allah.

Sawm (fasting) :

• From Quranic verse : Surah Al-Baqarah (2:183) : "O you who have believed, decreed upon you who is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous."

• Sawm develops taqwa, empathy, and discipline.

• Helps believers draw closer to Allah.

Key points :

1. Recognizing Allah's constant observation.

2. Weakening Satan's influence.

3. Fostering acts of worship.

Zakah (charity) :

• From Quranic verse : Surah Al-Tawbah (9:103) : "Take, O Muhammad, from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase, and invoke (Allah's blessings) upon them. Indeed, your invocations are reassurance for them. And Allah is Hearing and Knowing."

• Zakah purifies wealth and self, fostering generosity and reducing greed.

Key benefits :

1. Cleanses sins and bad traits.

2. Supports the needy.

Hajj (pilgrimage) :

• From Quranic verse : Surah Al-Baqarah (2:197) : "Hajj is during well-known months, so whoever has made hajj obligatory upon himself therein (by entering the state of ihram), there is (to be for him) no sexual relations and no disobedience and no disputing during hajj. And whatever good you do, Allah knows it. And take provisions but indeed, the best provision is fear Allah. And fear Me, O you of understanding."

• Hajj disciplines believers to follow Allah's commandments and abstain from prohibited acts.

Etiquettes of Hajj :

1. Avoid indecent acts, disobedience, and disputes.

2. Stay devoted to worship and good deeds.

Conclusions :

• 'Ibadah fosters moral discipline, taqwa, and spiritual purification.

• By understanding and performing 'Ibadah sincerely, Muslims can gain Allah's pleasure.

Salah :

Obligatory conditions of Salah (prerequisites) :

1. Islam.

2. Sanity (of sound mind).

3. Puberty.

Conditions for the validity of Salah :

1. Purity from major and minor ritual impurity.

2. Purity of the body, clothing, and place of Salah from impurities.

3. Covering the 'Awrah.

4. Certainty that the prayer time has begun.

5. Facing the qiblah with certainty.

6. Knowing how to perform the prayer.

7. Avoiding actions that invalidate the prayer.

Pillars of Salah (Essential acts) :

1. Intention (niyyah).

2. Standing, if able, for obligatory prayers.

3. Opening takbir (takbiratul ihram).

4. Reciting Surah Al-Fatihah.

5. Bowing (ruku').

6. Standing upright after bowing (i'tidal).

7. Two prostrations in each rak'ah.

8. Sitting between the two prostrations.

9. Sitting for the final tashahhud.

10. Reciting the final tashahhud.

11. Sending blessings upon Prophet Muhammad SAW after the final tashahhud.

12. Giving the first salutation (salam).

13. Performing all pillars in order.

Acts that invalidate the prayer :

1. Speaking.

2. Excessive major movements.

3. Presence of impurity on the body or clothing.

4. Not covering the 'awrah.

5. Eating or drinking.

6. Losing ritual purity before the first salam.

7. Changing the intention.

8. Turning away from the qiblah.

Sunnah acts in prayer :

1. Looking at the place of prostration.

2. Reciting the opening supplication (du'a iftitah).

3. Reciting aloud or softly where appropriate.

4. Saying "Amin" after Al-Fatihah.

5. Saying tasbih during bowing and prostration.

6. Reciting during i'tidal.

7. Supplicating before the first salam.

8. Maintaining kusyu' throughout the prayer.

Sunnah Ab'adh and Hai'ah :

Sunnah Ab'adh consists of seven matters :

1. The initial tashahhud (recited in the second rak'ah of Zuhur, Asar, and 'Isya).

2. Sending blessings upon Prophet Muhammad SAW in the initial tashahhud.

3. Sitting for the initial tashahhud.

4. Sending blessings upon the family of the Prophet SAW in the final tashahhud.

5. Qunut supplication in the second rak'ah of Fajr prayer.

6. Sending blessings upon the Prophet SAW and his family in the qunut.

7. Standing while reciting the qunut.

If sunnah Ab'adh or Hai'ah is omitted :

If omitted unintentionally or intentionally, it is recommended to compensate with the prostration of forgetfulness (sujud sahwi) at the end of the prayer of after it. The recitation is the same as a normal prostration and may be done before or after the salam.

Disliked (makruh) actions in prayer :

1. Turning the head without necessity.

2. Looking upwards.

3. Praying near tempting food.

4. Praying while restraining the urge to relieve oneself.

5. Praying while ectremely sleepy.

Conclusions :

We have to make sure we had completed all important things in Salah.

Ablution (wudhu') :

Pillars of wudhu' (essential acts) :

1. Intention (niyyah).

2. Washing the face.

3. Washing both hands up to the elbows.

4. Wiping three strands of hair, a portion of the head, or the entire head.

5. Washing both feet up to the ankles.

6. Performing the acts in order (tartib).

Conditions for the validity of wudhu' :

1. Islam.

2. Reaching the age of discernment (mumayyiz).

3. Free from menstruation and postnatal bleeding.

4. Using pure (absolute) water.

5. No barrier preventing water from reaching the wudhu' limbs.

6. The water's properties are not changed by foreign substances on the limbs.

Acts that invalidate wudhu' :

1. Anything exiting from the front of back private parts.

2. Unstable sleep.

3. Loss of consciousness.

4. Touching one's wife or another woman (subject or scholarly discussion).

5. Touching human private parts with the palm.

Number of washes and wipe in wudhu' :

• 1 time : obligatory.

• 2 times : sunnah.

• 3 times : sunnah.

• More than 3 times : disliked (makruh).

Sunnah acts in wudhu' :

1. Reciting the basmalah.

2. Washing the hands.

3. Rinsing the mouth and nose.

4. Combing through a thick beard.

5. Wiping the entire head.

6. Extending slightly beyond the required areas of washing.

7. Wiping both ears.

8. Continuity (muwalah).

9. Using water sparingly.

10. Supplication after wudhu'.

Conclusions :

We have to take wudhu' perfectly to perform a perfect Salah.

Dry ablution (tayammum) :

Reasons for performing tayammum :

• Being unable to use water, either due to a physical obstacle - such as the absence of water within reachable distance, or the presence of water nearby but with a nearby enemy that is feared - or due to a legal (shar'i) excuse, such as fear of harm using water because of illness or delayed recovery.

Pillars of tayammum :

1. Intention (niyyah).

2. Wiping clean earth/dust onto the face and both hands with two strikes on the dust.

3. Performing the acts in order (tartib).

Kushu' (Devotion and concentration):

Definition of Kushu' :

• Kushu' in prayer is sunnah, not a pillar.

• It means focus, humility, calmness, understanding what is being recited, being aware of standing in supplication before Allah, and avoiding meaningless actions in prayer without purpose.

Factors that hinder Kushu' :

1. Whisperings (waswas).

2. Attachment of the heart/mind to loved matters that one longs for, as well as disliked matters.

Ways to attain kushu' :

• Preparing oneself for prayer.

• Performing prayer on time.

• Maintaining personal cleanliness and using the siwak.

• Not praying when food has been served.

• Not praying while holding the urge to relieve oneself.

• Wearing clean and pure clothing.

• Avoiding excessive eating or drinking before prayer.

• Praying in a place free from distractions.

• Performing wudhu' properly.

• Avoiding waste of water.

• Understanding and reflecting on the recitations in prayer.

• Understanding the fiqh of prayer well.

• Increasing sunnah acts in prayer.

• Supplicating to Allah.

• Reducing unnecessary movements.

• Avoiding thoughts of worldly matters.

• Looking at the place of prostration.

• Praying calmly, without haste.

Conclusions :

We have to make our Salah along with kushu' as our priority as a good muslim.

• "Successful indeed are the believers those who humble themselves in prayer." (23:1-2)

Building Islamic Character through Prayer

Khushu' :

• Presence of heart and mind before Allah SWT.

• Calmness, humility, and attentiveness.

• Not merely physical movements.

• Strengthen relationships with Allah.

• Shapes inner character (akhlaq).

• Prevents sinful behaviour.

• According to Surah Al-Baqarah (2:45) : "Seek help through patienece and Salah..".

Salah with Khushu' :

1. Al-Taah (Submission and loyalty).

2. Al-Jihad (Striving in the path of Allah).

3. Muhasabah (Self-reflection).

4. 'Iffah (Modesty and self-restraint).

5. Tawaddu' (Humility).

Al-Taah (Submission and loyalty) :

• Obedience to Allah with sincerity.

• Acceptance of Allah's commands.

• Trains discipline and obedience.

• According to Surah Al-Hajj (22:77) : "O you who have believed, bow, prostrate, and worship your Lord."

• According to Hadith Riwayah Muslim : "The closest a servant is to his Lord is during sujud."

Al-Jihad (Striving in the path of Allah) :

• Inner struggle (jihad al-nafs).

• Fighting laziness and distractions.

• Consistency in Salah builds strength.

• According to Surah Al-'Ankabut (29:69) : "Those who strive for Us, We will guide them."

Al-Muhasabah (Self-reflection) :

• Evaluating actions and intentions.

• Moment of self-check.

• Awareness of sins and shortcomings.

• According to Surah Al-Hashr (59:18) : "Let every soul look to what it has sent forth for tomorrow. And fear Allah. [for] certainly Allah is All-Aware of what you do."

'Iffah (Modesty and self-restraint) :

• Guarding oneself from sinful acts.

• Moral integrity inside and outside Salah.

• True Salah influences daily behaviour.

• According to Surah Al-'Ankabut (29:45) : "Indeed, Salah restrains from shameful and unjust deeds."

Tawaddu' (Humility) :

• Recognising dependence on Allah.

• Removing pride and arrogance.

• Sujud as the symbol of humility.

• According to Surah Al-Furqan (25:63) : "The servants of the Most Merciful walk humbly on the earth."

• According to Hadith Riwayah Muslim : "Whoever humbles himself for Allah, Allah will raise him."

Impact of Khushu' :

• Builds strong Islamic personality.

• Improves behaviour and self-control.

• Strengthen faith (iman).

Khushu' :

• Is soul of Salah.

• Will shapes obedience, struggle, reflection, modesty, and humility.

• True Salah transforms the heart and actions.

• Salah is not only performed ; it is lived.

Conclusions :

We have to perform our prayer along with Khushu' to strengthen our iman more in our future life.

Our usrah group had done an interesting explorace game. Therefore, I have discored many virtues in Sawm (fasting).

Fasting and Its Virtues :

• According to Surah Al-Baqarah (2:183) : "O believers! Fasting is prescribed for you - as it was for those before you - so perhaps you will become mindful."

• Meanings :

  1. O you who claim to believe, prove your belief!

  2. The subject of this verse can only be done by a person of faith.

  3. To show that correct faith is a condition for the validity of this.

• "As it was prescribed for those before you..." means :

  1. Who are 'those before you'? :

     - Most popular opinion : the jews and Christians.

     - Another opinion : all nations before us.

  2. Why did Allah mention this? :

     - To ease the burden to bear responsibility.

     - To encourage us to do better than the previous nations.

• "So perhaps you will become mindful [of Allah]" :

  1. What does taqwa means? :

     - Originates from وقاية which means precaution or prevention.

     - Taqwa therefore means to take prevention.

     - It is reported that 'Umar asked Ka'ab al-Ahbar about taqwa. Ka'ab said, "Have you walked on a path full of thorns?" Umar said yes. Ka'ab asked, "What would you do?" Umar replied, "I would lift my cloth and be more careful." Ka'ab replied "That is taqwa." (quoted by Ibn Kathir).

     - How does fasting related to taqwa?

  2. Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported : "The Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) said, "If one does not leave lies and false conduct, Allah does not need him to abstain from his food and his drink." (Hadith Al-Bukhari)

Virtues of Sawm (fasting) :

1. Sabr (patience) and self-restrain :

   • Sabr in obedience to Allah SWT.

   • Sabr is abstaining oneself from the prohibition of Allah SWT.

   • Sabr in facing trials and calamities.

   • How are these related to Fasting?

   • Level of fasting according to Al-Ghazali :

     1. MINIMUM : to refrain oneself from eating, drinking and sexual intercourse.

     2. INTERMEDIARY : to refrain one's body (tongue, eyes, ears, hands) from sinning.

     3. OPTIMAL : to refrain one's heart from worldly things which distract us from Allah.

2. Rahmah (mercy and empathy) :

   • How does fasting instill Rahmah in Muslims?

     1. By humbling the through hunger and thirst to feel the suffering of the unfortunate ones.

     2. By encouraging them to feed other who fast.

     3. Zaid bin Khalid Al-Juhani (may Allah be pleased with him) reported : The Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) said, "He who provides a fasting person something which to break his fast, will earn the same reward as the one who was observing the fast, without diminishing in any way the reward of the latter." Hadith At-Tirmidhi.

Conclusions :

We have to fasting to make sure our faith are stronger and makes us feel grateful with what we have that not everyone has.

Introduction to Zakah :

• Zakah is one of the pillars of Islam which is obligatory upon Muslim to observe it.

• It also contains numerous impacts in the life of Muslims either at the individual or social level.

• Any obligation in Islam not meant to burden the Muslims life.

• The objective is producing a righteous servant of Allah SWT who consequently contributes to the betterment and well-being of other people in his community.

Definition of Zakah (Literally) :

• الزكاة means to grow and to increase.

• Refers to blessing, growth, cleanliness, and betterment.

• الزاكي means "He is a man of goodness and righteousness possessing good character.

Definition of Zakah (Technically) :

• Zakah refers to the determined share of wealth prescribed by God to be distributed among deserving categories.

• Act of compulsory ibadah which specifically involve the wealth of Muslims.

• This prove that 'Ibadah in Islam not just in spiritual dimension such as Salah and Sawm, but it also covers social and material dimension of human life.

• In the Hadith of Jibril, Zakah is the thrid pillar of Islam, after the declaration pf faith (Syahadah) and the performance of prayer (Salah).

• This shows that Zakah is very important in a Muslim's life, just like prayer.

• Allah SWT mentions giving Zakah together with performing prayer thirty-two times in the Qur'an.

Zakah and Sadaqah :

• In Al-Qur'an, Zakah is also known as Sadaqah.

Differences between Zakah and Sadaqah :

1. Zakah :

   • It is compulsory act of 'Ibadah.

   • It is a formal and structured ritual in Islam.

   • Allah SWT specified its recipients, amounts, time and method of payment.

   • Its consist of two types which are Zakah al-Fitr and Zakah al-Mal.

2. Sadaqah :

   1. It is recommended act of 'Ibadah.

   2. It is neither a formal nor a structured ritual in Islam.

   3. Allah SWT did not specify its recipients, amounts, time and method of payment.

   4. It is inclusive of all acts of giving and donation such as Zakah, Infaq, and Wakaf.

Virtues of Zakah :

1. Tawakkul :

   • According to Ibn al-Qayyim, Tawakkul refers to surrending to the command and decree of the Lord.

   • Place complete reliance and trust in Allah's SWT Injunctions, Wills, and Decision on his life.

   • True believers "المؤمنون حقا" are characterized by :

     1. Fear of Allah SWT.

     2. Attentive to Quranic reminder.

     3. Reliance on Allah SWT.

     4. Performance of Salah.

     5. Giving wealth (Zakah).

   • Thus, the virtue of Tawakkul and the act of giving Zakah are correlated.

   • A Muslim who gives his wealth through Zakah shows that he does not depend on his wealth, but relies fully on Allah SWT. He trusts Allah's promise that whatever is given for His sake will be replaced, increased, and multiplied.

2. Ukhuwwah

   • Ukhuwwah refers to the bond of brotherhood among people that creates harmony in life and connects them through their shared Islamic 'Aqidah.

   • In Islam, Allah SWT has declared that believers are brothers in belief and should pursue towards peace and avoid harmful relation.

   • Zakah trains Muslims in the value of Ukhuwwah (brotherhood). It builds social awareness and unity within the Muslim community.

   • It helps reduce selfishness and individualism, and encourages Muslims to care for, love, and show empathy toward one another.

Conclusions :

Zakah involves both vertical and horizontal relationships :

• The vertical relationship is between humans and Allah SWT, as the command to give Zakah comes from Him.

• The horizontal relationship is between humans, as the benfits of Zakah are received by fellow Muslims.

Zakah also contains spiritual and social dimensions :

1. Spiritual :

   • Muslims learn to rely on Allah SWT.

   • They feel peace by giving their wealth in obedience to Him.

   • They become less attached to material things.

2. Social :

   • It builds care and responsibility for the needy.

   • It promotes unity and togetherness in the community.

The strength of Sabr (Virtues of Sawm/Fasting) :

What does it mean to show Sabr (patience) in our daily life? (Zulfa) :

• Sabr (patience) is often misunderstood as just "waiting", but in character development, it is actually an active and positive strength.

• The three pillars of Sabr :

  1. As-sabru a'la-ta'ah (الصبر على الطاعة) :

  - Meaning : Patience in Obedience : This refers to the discipline needed to perform your duties consistently.

  - In daily character : It's the patience to wake up for morning prayers, the grit to finish your homework even when you're tired, or the persistence to keep being kind to a neighbor who isn't very nice to you. It is "active" patience.

  • As-sabru a'nil-ma'siyah (الصبر عن المعصية) :

    • Meaning : Patience against Disobedience/Sin : This is the strength to hold yourself back from something harmful or "wrong" even when it feels tempting.

    • In daily character : This is self-control. Its choosing not to join in when friends are gossiping (backbiting), or resisting the urge to lie to get out of trouble. It's the "internal brake" of your character.

  • As-sabru 'alal-balaa' (الصبر على البلاء) :

    1. Meaning : Patience during Trials/Decree : This is what most people think of as patience where staying firm when life gets difficult.

    2. In daily character : It's resilience. When you lose something valuable, face an illness, or deal with a disappointment, you don't lose hope or take your anger out on others. You accept the situation with a calm heart (Rida).

Why is Sabr considered the "illumination" of a believer's life? (Mimi) :

• Because it gives inner light, strength and clarity when facing trials.

• Through Sabr, a believer remains firm in faith, controls emotions and continues to obey Allah even in hardship.

• This patience prevents despair and guides the heart toward hope, trust (Tawakkul), and wisdom.

• Just as light helps one see clearly in darkness, Sabr enables a believer to navigate difficulties with calmness and spiritual awareness. Also drawing them closer to Allah and earning His pleasure and reward.

What are daily examples of Sabr outside of Fasting hours? (Hani/Me) :

• A student didn't get good result in his/her exams, but he/she remained patient and tried to improve himself/herself more in the studies.

• A teacher who is patient in dealing with misbehaviour of naughty students.

What Quranic verse of Hadith reminds us that Allah is with those who are patient? (Aufa) :

• إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ : "Indeed, Allah is with those who are patient." (Surah Al-Baqarah [2:153]).

• This verse strongly connects Sabr with Allah's support, help, and closeness, which is especially relevant to Sawm (fasting) because fasting requires patience in controlling hunger, desires, and emotions.

• Also include a Hadith related to fasting and patience : The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, : "Fasting is a shield." (Riwayah Sahih al-Bukhari and Muslim).

• Scholars explain that fasting is called as shield because it teaches self-control and patience, protecting a person from sin and strengthening Sabr.

Reflection : I am able to gain new knowledge from time to time through this usrah, whether it is about the Prophets, our faith, or the unseen matters that we should know and believe in.

Suggestion Improvement : I suggest that usrah be conducted at a location closer to the students’ residences. In addition, I also suggest that usrah sessions be carried out in the form of discussions among the usrah members.