population – number of people living in a place or country

capital – main city

currency - type of money used.

varied – many different 

glaciers – rivers of ice

coasts – land near the sea

mud pools – hot water and soil mixed

earthquakes – violent shakings of the ground

recent – not long ago 

damage – destruction 

trilogies – groups of three films or books etc. 

feature – show 

locations – places.

descendants – later generations 

settlers – people who go to live in a new place 

explorer – person who discovers ” countries or places.

present day – current present 

treaty – agreement 

developed – grew 

fewer – a smaller number 

immigration – people coming to live in a new country 

discovered - found 

worldwide – across the whole world 

gold rush – people travelling to places where gold has been found 

doubled – became twice as big.

independence – being free from another country 

fixed – set 

gradually – little by little 

Head of State – leader of a country 

climbed – got to the top 

mountaineer – person who climbs mountains 

in favour of – to support.

immigrated – moved 

promote – support 

viewers – people who watch TV 

hosted – organised 

championship – competition 

same-sex marriage – marriage between two men or two women 

legalised – made legal

particularly – specifically 

recognise – know 

beehive – place where bees live 

recommend – suggest 

entirely – completely 

atmospheric – with a special mood.

native – living naturally in a specific place 

endangered – at risk of dying out 

species – types of animals 

prefer – like best 

invent – create

exchange student – student who studies in another country for some time 

remind – help to remember 

supporting – helping 

mug – cup 

common – normal 

embrace – accept and appreciate 

wind turbine – windmill

art galleries – places for art exhibitions 

vintage shops – shops that sell antiques or second-hand clothes

hospitality – friendliness 

performance art – live art shows 

celebrate – participate in a party.

footsteps – same route 

movie set – setting for a scene in a film.

hiking – walking 

eruptions – when volcanoes explode 

rough – uneven

steep – very much uphill 

climbs – uphill walks 

despair – give up 

spectacular – amazing 

glacial valley – valley formed by ice 

lava flows – moving streams of lava 

craters – the areas on top of volcanoes 

trek – walk.

shaky – shaking, trembling 

majority – most 

mountain ranges – lines of mountains 

major – big 

occur – happen 

recorded – registered 

magnitude – strength 

injuries – physical hurt to people 

landslides – falling earth and stones 

quakes – shaking 

destructive – causing a lot of damage.

disaster – catastrophe 

malls – shopping centres 

tremble – shake 

collapse – fall down 

trapping – stopping people from escaping 

rescue work – saving people 

return – go back 

missing – not found.

all of a sudden – from one moment to the next 

crashing – falling 

drills – training exercises 

made our way – went 

calmed us down – made us less upset 

grabbed it – took it quickly 

managed – was able.

fortunately – luckily 

prepared – ready, organised 

estimate – guess, calculate 

predict – say when something will happen 

strikes – happens, comes 

participate – take part 

practise – train 

drop – go down 

cover – put something over.

experienced – saw 

diseases – illnesses 

confiscated – taken away 

promote – support 

justice – fairness

aware – conscious 

community – group, population.

wood carvings – designs and sculptures in wood 

customs – habits, traditions 

hospitality – friendliness towards guests.

weaving – a way of making fabric 

carving – cutting into wood.

supernatural – magic 

origins – creation

regarded – seen 

demi-god – half god and half human.

rush – hurry 

sets – goes down 

rises – goes up 

ropes – long cables/lines 

red-hot – extremely hot 

pit – big hole in the ground 

ordered – told 

strained – pulled very hard 

trapped – caught 

struggled – tried to escape.

stereotypical – based on stereotypes

impression – idea 

provide – give.

ceremonies – celebrations, rituals 

battle – fight 

demonstrate – show 

perform – do 

occasions – events.

sky diving – jumping from an airplane 

originated – started 

introduced – brought to 

kit – clothes for playing sport 

silver fern – New Zealand’s national plant 

nickname – extra name 

cap – a kind of hat

craze – something that is very popular 

invented – thought of, created 

ultimate – greatest 

tree vines – long, thin stems from trees 

safety equipment – things to protect you during a dangerous activity

foursome – group of four 

thrill – excitement

leap – jump 

gape – stare 

scenery – landscape 

all you are worth – with all your energy 

excursion – trip 

outstanding – wonderful 

reliable – trustworthy 

highlights – best experiences 

memorable – unforgettable