(References: Karar, M. G. E., & Kuhnert, N. (2017). Herbal Drugs from Sudan: Traditional Uses and Phytoconstituents. Pharmacognosy reviews, 11(22), 83–103. https://doi.org/10.4103/phrev.phrev_15_15)

• Use interpreters to overcome language barriers and ensure clear understanding.

• Respect traditional healing practices by integrating them into care plans.

• If a Sudanese patient struggles with language barriers, I would employ an interpreter to facilitate communication. I would be mindful of non-verbal signals and cultural preferences to build trust. Applying this standard enhances patient trust, promotes effective care, and improves health outcomes.

References: Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council. (2019). Culturally responsive clinical practice: Working with people from migrant and refugee backgrounds competency standards framework for clinicians. Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council. https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Culturally-Responsive-Clinical-Practice)

(References: World Health Organization. (2008). Social determinants of health: The solid facts. WHO; Colic-Peisker, V., & Tilbury, F. (2007). Integration into the Australian Labour Market; Kenny, M. A., & Briner, R. B. (2013). Cultural Competence in Refugee Mental Health. Journal of Transcultural Nursing.)

Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide

Australian Government Department of Health. (2021). Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide (3rd ed.). Retrieved from https://refugeehealthguide.org.au

• Barriers: Refugees often face language barriers and a lack of familiarity with the healthcare system.

• Medicare Support: Medicare provides comprehensive health services for refugees, including access to doctors, hospitals, and specialists.

• Community Assistance: NGOs play a crucial role by providing language services and helping refugees navigate the healthcare system, which eases their integration into the Australian healthcare environment.

Source: Australian Government Services Australia. (2023). Health services for refugees and asylum seekers. https://www.servicesaustralia.gov.au/health-services-for-refugees-and-asylum-seekers?context=60041#:~

=Medicare%20is%20available%20for%20refugees,call%20the%20Medicare%20program%20line.

Sudanese traditional clothing is a vibrant reflection of the country's diverse cultures and climates. Each garment serves both practical and cultural purposes.

• Men's Attire: The jalabiya, a long, loose robe, is commonly worn by men, providing comfort in the hot climate. It is often paired with a tarbush or turban.

• Women's Attire: Women typically wear the thobe, a colourful, flowing dress, and a nasha (headscarf). These garments are designed to be both functional and aesthetically pleasing.

• Cultural Significance: The jalabiya and thobe are more than just clothing; they are integral to social identity and cultural practices, often featuring intricate embroidery and vibrant colours for special occasions.

Source:

Our Everyday Life. (n.d.). What types of clothes do they wear in Sudan? https://oureverydaylife.com/what-types-of-clothes-do-they-wear-in-sudan-12079513.html

• Cultural Sensitivity: Respect and adapt to diverse cultural communication styles.

• Undivided Attention: Fully focus on the refugee, minimizing distractions.

• Reflective Responses: Use compassionate phrases to show understanding.

• Open-Ended Questions: Ask, “Can you share more about your experience?” to gather detailed insights.

• Non-Verbal Cues: Observe body language for additional context.

• Empathy: Validate their experiences and feelings to build trust and rapport.

These techniques improve care quality and address the unique needs of refugees.

Source:

Rao, J., & Wyk, J. V. (2019). Communication in Healthcare. In Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442015/