Psychology Timeline by Sinaii Alamilla

sinaiigianialamilla — 2024-05-02 22:07:25 UTC

human psychology that have emerged throughout history often share striking similarities, but are not identical. Before the time of the ancient Greek philosophers, animistic beliefs—which held that spirits or ghosts animated all living things, including inanimate objects—governed how people interacted with their surroundings.this also included the different orientations- naturalistic, biological, mathematical, eclectic and humanistic

sinaiigianialamilla — 2024-05-02 22:45:35 UTC

The Romans valued application and use over abstract studies, and used mathematics to build aqueducts and devise a calendar that was universally accepted until Pope Gregory XIII introduced an improved version in 1582. Science prospered under the Romans, and centers of higher learning were established to educate the young. This shows how they are similar to the Greek who believed in many ideas like mathematics. The Romans fostering the practical side of science resulted in advances and extensions of the earlier Greek advances. Roman poets successfully adapted the Greek heritage for a wider audience. The Roman empire also provided the setting for the emergence of new institutions, most notably Christianity. Jesus’s message spread via Roman missionaries, and Christianity evolved to the center in Rome. Moreover here we can see the churches rise to power, The Crusades also happened as a result of power hungry leaders. These were the early years of Christianity

sinaiigianialamilla — 2024-05-02 23:01:24 UTC

After the rise of Christianity and Psychology as a whole everyone divided and each came up with their own traditions. The French: they focused on introspection which is looking inward. They also focused more on evidence and scientific background. They also asked people about their thoughts and feelings. The British claimed you were born blank. association - reflection, also focused on observing/ measuring behaviors. Lastly the German claimed everyone is unique, they focused on proving their theories and how the mind works. Performed experiments to prove this and relied on evidence to support their claims.

2024-05-03 03:15:49 UTC

As we go further in the development of psychology, it is important to note that by the 19th century significant discoveries were made that helped form the foundation for modern psychology. One of the main contributors to understanding the nervous system was Camillo Golgi, an Italian neuroscientist that invented the Black Stain, a method for staining individual neurons. This technique allowed him to see the individual parts of a neuron such as the dendrites, cell bodies and axons and it even led him to discover the Golgi Apparatus. However, Golgi also believed in the Reticular Theory which is the theory that all neurons are connected in a continuous network rather than individual structures but this theory was challenged by Santiago Ramon y Cajal. Cajal, a Spanish neuroscientist, used Golgi's staining method to make discoveries of his own. Cajal was also an artist meaning he had a good eye which led him to the realization that neurons do not connect but are in fact individual cells. Charles Scott Sherrington, a British neurophysiologist, coined the term "Synapse" to the describe the junction between two neurons and where the neural communication occurs. Franz Joseph Gall, a German physician who invented the concept of Phrenology which is when the functions of the brain are determined by the bumps and indentations on the skull. This study later became discredited as a pseudoscience however, the concept led to many discoveries about the brain and how it functions and the purpose of specific regions in the brain.

2024-05-03 03:44:11 UTC

Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist invented psychoanalysis. This helped with the understanding of the unconscious mind and the developing the structure of the mind such as the id, ego and superego, he also believed that early childhood experiences played a roll in the unconscious mind. Karen Horney expanded on some of Freud's theories when it came to shaping personality, she shut down Freud's idea of penis envy by saying boys suffer from womb envy. She also emphasized the importance of social environments and their impact on our happiness since she also stated that anxieties develop from a childhood of emotional neglect. Alfred Adler focused on individual psychology and proposed that people are driven by superiority and are compensating for their own inferiorities and vice versa. This is where the inferiority/superiority complex developed. Carl Jung introduced the collective unconscious and the different archetypes such as persona, self, anima/animus etc.