1. He was Britain’s Spy Chief
2. 1930’s USSR recruited him and his students and they were called the "Cambridge Spy Ring” and the “Magnificent Five”
3. He and his crew snitched on Bentley for coming clean to the FBI

1. He was the 2nd Defector and a Journalist for TIME
2. in the 1940’s he rejected communist and reclaimed his religious beliefs and claimed Alger Hiss (Truman’s Handler) has affiliations
3. Truman did not believe the allegations
4. I became Hiss v. Chambers and it divided both politicians and society
5. Hiss sued for slander and Truman claims “Red Herring”
6. On Jan 21st Hiss is convicted for 5 years of prison5 years in prison

Berlin Blockage







Nuclear weapons






Were the US aided of their effort?


1994 Soviet Cable








VENONA Help





Julius Rosenberg

1.Bob Lamphere found Meredith Gardner’s report
2.He was dumbfounded of how Gardner put the pieces together
3.Lamphere and Gardner started the top secret project VENONA
4.Lamphere was not prepared for Gardner’s personality and brillienge
5.Lamphere viewed Gardner as a tall, lanky, quiet, intense, loner

1. US and its allies saw Stalin’s actions as the new Hitler
2. June 24, 1948
 3. Soviets cut off all roads and rail routes to West Berlin, which was the area controlled by the US, France, and Great Britain. The next day USSR cut off food shipments and electricity 
4.General Lucius Clay- US Commander “We are convinced that our remaining in Berlin is essential to our prestige in Germany and Europe. Whether good or bad, it has become a symbol of American intent.”

1. West Berlin floated like a tiny island in the sea that was East Germany a region completely controlled by USSR
2.If the allies backed down here, where Hitler once reigned, how could they expect Stalin to believe they were powerful?
3.US defied the blockade with airlift supply planes over USSR to West Berlin
4.Sent a fleet of B-29 bombers (same as Hiroshima and Nagasaki) to bases in England as a threat, but they were not loaded.
5. May 1949 USSR suspended blockade
6. 1940’s no active spies deployed in USSR.  The closest spies were in Berlin
7. 1949 leaders and code breakers capable of uncovering USSR secrets are hunkered down in Arlington Hall in D.C.

1.September 1st, 1949
2. US discovered USSR was testing NUKES in Kazakhstan. Nicknamed “Joe 1” after Joseph Stalin
3. September 2 1949, HEADLINES: Truman:”Russia has an atomic bomb, Red have exploded atom”. At this point officials were surprised, they thought Russia was at minimum 4 years away from figuring it out.
4. US monopoly on destruction came to a hauly. Truman’s response: build bigger bombs. Truman built a Superbomb/Hydrogen Bomb. 1000X more powerful than Hiroshima.

1. VENONA was then no longer solely for exposing spy networks, it then became about stealing the USSR’s advantage in the Nuclear Arms Race (NAR)

1.One of Gardner's decryptions led them to believe that they had leaked paper from the Manhattan Project.
2.Described a crucial step in the building of the atomic bomb
3.Author of the Paper -> K. Fuchs and others
4.Klaus Fuchs
5.German born British Physicist
6.Member of the communist party.
7.Worked on the Manhattan Project
8.Travel in 1945 (crucial timing)

1.VENONA turned to M15 (British spy agency) for help

2.January 24 1950- Fuchs confessed
3.March 1950- British convicted Fuchs of espionage
 He was served 14 years of jail, but only had to serve 9 years.

1.Codenamed “LIBERAL” in VENONA
2.Accused ring leader of Soviet Spies in US
3. He was arrested in 1950. He had a trial in 1951 in NYC.
4.Electric Chair 1953 all over the front page news
5.This case helped Joseph McCarthey’s (WI) inflammatory speech in WV on February 9, 1950.
6.Known as the most aggressive anti-communist leader in the US
7.McCarthyism
8.Hunt for communists
9.Engulfed US for remainder of 1950’s