Ex: We’ve not done the homework.
- Other verbs → (-) do + not/n’t + base form of the verb (except modal verb).

Example:  There wasn’t anyone in the class. => There was no one in the class.
-         “No” + nouns / “None” instead of nouns
-         “No” + singular  nouns / plural nouns / gerund

Example: Never have I seen this word. Nowhere could I experience this.

Example: At no chance will I win this match.

-         Informal replies: neither, nor and no way
Example: I don’t like him. Neither / Nor do I.  No way will I agree to his stupid offer.

Put the auxiliaries or modal before the subject. 

Put the main verb after the subject.

Put do before the subject and the base form the verb.

Begin with wh-words (question words) and ask for specific information.

Other wh-words include: which, who, whom, whose, why

- When we use what or who as the subject, we put the main verb (not do) after them.
Example: What’s making that noise? Who used my computer? (NOT Who did used my computer?)

-         What and Which can be put before nouns or as pronouns. 

 What: an unlimited number of possible answer 

Which: a limited number.
- We use which (not what) before one or ones. 

- We use which of (not what of) before determiners (the, this, my, etc…) and pronouns when we ask about things and people in a limited set.

Example: He’s going to fill the hole with something -> What is he going to fill the hole with?
With what is he going to fill the hole? To whom did you give your old computer?
-         In some wh-questions (What…for?, What/Who … like?) the proposition is always at the end.
-         There are some prepositions which we use at the beginning (ot the end) of wh-questions.
-         We usually put adverbs after wh-words, but we can use some adverbs before wh-words.
Example: How often do you exercise? 

                 Precisely where did you last see the keys? 
-         Wh-words with ever (such as wherever, whoever) are used to express surprise or disbelief.

Ex: Everyone was invited to the party. Why didn’t you go? (NOT Why you didn’t go?) 

Aren’t they French? Yes (= They are French.) No (= They are’t French).)

Example: Have you never eaten meat? Did he not understand the text? 

Example:  Isn’t July 4^th a big American holiday? 

Ex: Why don’t you come with us? 

Example: Nobody like it, do they?

-   Use modals in tags after imperatives: requests or proposals.

Example: Don’t say anything, will you? 

-    Use a positive tag after a positive sentence: confirming information.

Example: That’s your new car, is it?

Example: Do you think something is wrong? à What do you think is wrong?

2.      Statements used as questions: To ask for confirmation of something or to repeat what was just said.

Example: Paul won first prize – He won first prize?

3.      Rhetorical questions:  to establish a topic or to highlight a previous question before giving and answer.

Example: Mike isn’t here yet. – Who cares? (= I don’t care). Isn’t he always late? (= He is always late.)

4.      Reduced questions

Example: We must buy that piano – How?, I’ll find the money – Where?

5.      Indirect questions: to report what was asked. 

Example: What do you mean? -> I asked her what she meant. (NOT I asked her what did she mean?)