Vocabulary by Kristina Garza

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Relational Operators: Symbols that compare values, like >, <, and ==.

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Boolean: Data type with two values: true or false.

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Conditional Expressions: Expressions that result in true or false, used in decision-making.

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Zero Iteration Loop: A loop that may not run if the condition is false at the start.

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Infinite Loop: A loop that runs endlessly because its condition is never met.

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Arithmetic Operations: Basic math operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

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Order of Operations: The sequence for solving math operations in a program, like PEMDAS.

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Nested Iteration: A loop inside another loop.

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Flowchart: A visual diagram showing steps in a process.

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Flowchart Symbols: Shapes in flowcharts that represent actions, decisions, or steps

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Linear Flowchart: A flowchart with steps happening in a straight line.

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Conditional Flowchart: A flowchart that includes decisions, leading to different paths.

Binary

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a numbering scheme in which there are only two possible values for each digit -- 0 or 1 -

Bit

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a little piece of something, even time

Byte

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a unit of data that is eight binary digits long.

Data

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a value or set of values representing a specific concept or concepts.

Encoding

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the process of putting a sequence of characters (letters, numbers, punctuation, and certain symbols) into a specialized format for efficient transmission or storage

Decimal

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the base-10 number system we use in everyday life.

Hexadecimal

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a numbering system that uses a base-16 representation for numeric values.

Data Abstraction

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Data Abstraction: Simplifying complex data by focusing on essential information and hiding unnecessary details, allowing for easier understanding and manipulation of data.

Data Compression

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Reducing the size of a data file by eliminating redundancies or unnecessary information, which can be either lossless (preserving original data) or lossy (potentially losing some information for a smaller file size).

Data Set

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A collection of organized data points, usually related to a specific topic or study, that can be analyzed to reveal patterns or trends.

Lossless Compression

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A data compression method that reduces file size without losing any information, meaning the original data can be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed version.

Lossy Compression

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A data compression method that reduces file size by discarding some information, resulting in a smaller file but potentially with a loss of quality in the reconstructed data.

Metadata

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Data that describes other data, providing information about its properties, format, origin, and content. It helps organize and understand data more efficiently.

Sampling Technique

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A method of selecting a representative subset of data from a larger population to analyze and draw conclusions about the whole population. Different sampling techniques exist, each with its own advantages and limitations.

Scalability

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The ability of a system or process to handle increasing amounts of data without a significant decrease in performance or efficiency.

Data Filtering

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: The process of selecting specific data from a larger dataset based on certain criteria, removing unwanted or irrelevant information.

Pattern Recognition

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The ability to identify recurring patterns or trends within data, often used for classification, prediction, or anomaly detection.

Correlation

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A statistical measure that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. A positive correlation suggests that the variables tend to move in the same direction, while a negative correlation suggests they tend to move in opposite directions.

Computational Thinking

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Solving problems using computer-like thinking (like breaking things into steps).

Parallel Computing

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Doing many tasks at the same time to get work done faster.

Distributed Computing

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Sharing tasks across multiple computers to solve a problem.

Fault Tolerance

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Fault Tolerance – A system’s ability to keep working even if part of it fails.

Redundancy

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Having extra parts or backups in case something fails.

Bandwidth

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– How much data can move through a network at one time.

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Routing – Choosing the best path for data to travel on a network.

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Protocol – A set of rules for how computers talk to each other.

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Data Stream – A continuous flow of data being sent or received.

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Packet – A small piece of data sent over the internet.

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IP (Internet Protocol) – The system that gives addresses to devices and routes packets.

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TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) – Makes sure data packets arrive correctly and in order.

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Efficiency – Doing a task using the least time and resources.

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Interconnected – Linked together, like computers in a network.

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Runtime – The time a program takes to run from start to finish.