https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf en-us 2020-02-19 10:26:12 UTC 2024-11-19 02:49:53 UTC hello@padlet.com annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447319916 Christopher Columbus discovered the island of Cuba and landed three ships onto its North East coast. Cuba was claimed by Spain and initially named Isla Juana.]]> 2020-02-19 10:27:52 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447319916 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447320272 Civilization was established on Cuba, starting at Baracoa, where the Taino tribe becomes slaves. Their numbers quickly dwindled due to Spanish diseases and their harsh working conditions.]]> 2020-02-19 10:29:12 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447320272 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447320651 At some point in the seven year war, Cuba was taken by Britain. During that period of time, food, horses, and slaves were imported into Cuba through trade. Sugar production went up before Cuba was returned to Spain through a peace treaty in exchange for Florida. ]]> 2020-02-19 10:30:44 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447320651 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447321352 Carlos Manuel de Cespedes freed his own slaves in a rebellion. His goal was independence from Spain.]]> 2020-02-19 10:33:15 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447321352 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447322664 The 1898 Treaty of Paris was discussed between Spain and the US, but without Cuba. It resulted in the Pacific Colonies of Guam, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Cuba being given to US in exchange for $20,000,000. US would have sovereignty over Cuba for 3 years to help them stabilize, and would only leave if they could be part of the Cuban Constitution.]]> 2020-02-19 10:38:15 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447322664 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447323848 During this time the US was conflicted in the issue of the mistreatment of Cuba. Half saw them like the US was under Great Britain and believed that the Cubans should be liberated. The other half wanted to imperialize Cuba for themselves.]]> 2020-02-19 10:42:53 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447323848 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447325015 Sent to Havana to protect American citizens and property from riots against the Spanish government, the USS Maine exploded. 266 soldiers on board were killed in the blast. This prompted America to wage war against Spain.]]> 2020-02-19 10:47:07 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447325015 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447327467 Commodore George Dewey led soldiers into Manila and efficiently eliminated the Spanish fleet. This resulted in seven injured soldiers on America's end. ]]> 2020-02-19 10:55:37 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447327467 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447327966 Cervera, the leader of the Spanish Caribbean fleet, attempted to escape along the coast. Eventually, he surrendered to US troops, volunteers and Roosevelt's Volunteer Cavalry of "Rough Riders".]]> 2020-02-19 10:57:34 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447327966 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447329831 Slaves used to cut and harvest the sugar canes of Cuba, but once slavery was outlawed, sugar workers had to labor for only four months of the year, and therefore not paid very much.]]> 2020-02-19 11:04:53 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447329831 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447335184 As president of Cuba, Gerardo Machado increased tourism and opened American hotels and restaurants for tourists. More tourism led to the increase of prostitution and gambling. This, combined with the  inflation of sugar in the Wall street crash sparked protests against Machado from students known as the Generation of 1930.]]> 2020-02-19 11:24:56 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447335184 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447344178 Massive desertions in the military, the increasingly bold support for Castro, and the guerilla rebels taking over different parts of Cuba forced Batista into exile. He fled to the Dominican Republic and a Provisional Government with a Prime Minister of José Miró Cardona was installed. The month after, Miró resigned, and Castro became the prime minister.]]> 2020-02-19 11:55:21 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447344178 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447344297 Batista became president again, this time by overthrowing the previous government in a coup. For support, he raised the salaries of policemen and the military, and managed to suspend parts of nation's constitution with little complaint. However, Castro, who had been running for one of these elections ended up without the political platform he had been hoping for, and not enough money to properly support his wife and son. This helped Castro decide that Batista was corrupt.]]> 2020-02-19 11:55:37 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447344297 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447345796 Castro lead 150 revolutionaries in an attack on a military base, the Moncada Barracks. The plan was for Castro to lead the main assault with two supporting strikes in Santiago and one in Bayamo that consisted of 27 men. The operation was a failure; Castro was expecting the soldiers to be drunk from the Carnival the night before, but he lost his element of surprise by triggering an alarm. Another group of rebels led by Abel Santamaría had taken a hospital after Castro's group had fled, and attempted to hide by disguising themselves as patients with the help of several nurses. A real patient exposed them, and every single rebel in the hospital was rounded up, the doctor executed.]]> 2020-02-19 12:00:12 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447345796 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447347412 Sailing in to Cuba on the boat Granma, Castro returned with 80 people and weapons. They were caught, and many were killed or captured. This time, though, Castro, Raúl, and Guevara fled to the Sierra Maestra mountains. Here, they hid for two years, they amassed followers and taught them guerilla warfare. From then on, they fought a war against Batista with growing support.]]> 2020-02-19 12:05:39 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447347412 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447347819 After an amnesty deal with Batista and the Cuban government, Castro and his followers were freed. They regrouped in Mexico and renamed themselves the "26th of July Movement". They were discovered and joined by Che Guevara, who believed violence was the only way to fix the government, and who was interestingly Argentinian.]]> 2020-02-19 12:07:02 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447347819 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447349985 In an attempt to become less dependent on the US, Castro signed the first Agrarian Reform Act, which limited the size of properties. In addition, foreigners could no longer own sugar plantations, meaning that the US lost all their businesses on Cuba, which made up 80% of their industries. This led to state land control.]]> 2020-02-19 12:15:08 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447349985 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447350060 Cuba agreed to receive oil from the Soviet Union in trade, but US refineries in the nation refused to process it. Castro expropriated them, and in retaliation, the US cut Cuba's import quota on sugar, meaning Cuba's top trade dealer no longer bought from them.]]> 2020-02-19 12:15:24 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447350060 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447350426 After Castro denounced American imperialism, the US imposed an economic embargo on Cuba.]]> 2020-02-19 12:16:45 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447350426 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447350526 2020-02-19 12:17:09 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447350526 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447351222 Hurricane Michelle had just dissipated after passed through Cuba. The US offered humanitarian help, which was rejected by Cuba. Instead, they asked for food, and the US complied.]]> 2020-02-19 12:19:39 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447351222 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447351449 Castro tried to relieve the tension of his rule by allowing people to migrate to Miami. In the end, 120,000 Cubans left the country.]]> 2020-02-19 12:20:26 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447351449 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447351602 Due to his deteriorating physical health, Castro officially resigned, leaving the title and position of  president of Cuba to Raul. In retirement, Castro was visited by many foreign leaders. The only one he refused to meet was President Barack Obama.]]> 2020-02-19 12:20:56 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447351602 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447351847 Castro had to have surgery because of his health problems, and he let his younger brother, Raul, become temporary ruler.]]> 2020-02-19 12:21:42 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447351847 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447392406 Cuban military support was sent to Angola, Ethiopia and Yemen to help the Soviet Union in its affairs. This turned out more painful than rewarding, and the economy was damaged.

Freedom of speech was repressed, as newspapers could no longer say anything against Castro, and labor unions lost the right to strike. Opposition was dealt with through executions, imprisonments, and forced emigration.]]> 2020-02-19 13:53:27 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447392406 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447981700 This was the day of Castro's trial, when he gave his famous speech of "History Will Absolve Me". He had prepared it over the course of 75 days since his capture. It was two hours long, and likely saved his life, because instead of execution, he was sentenced to 15 years of prison.]]> 2020-02-20 13:01:25 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/447981700 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/451243254 After he joined the military at age 20 and struggled to the title of sergeant, he organized and lead the Sergeants' Revolt. The military coup was successful in ending the regime of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes. From then on, Batista ranked as a colonel and head of the Cuban Army.  Even though he was not directly president, Batista held a lot of power and more or less already ruled over Cuba.]]> 2020-02-27 08:27:30 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/451243254 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/451243330 Batista won the election for president with support from a few different political parties. Unlike his second rule, Batista's first was very successful for Cuba. The country developed well in its economy, education, and social services or four years under his regime.]]> 2020-02-27 08:27:51 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/451243330 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/453193863 After the horrific failure of the Moncada barracks, Castro had fled with a small group of rebels. He was discovered by the Lieutenant Pedro Manuel Sarria and his own group of soldiers, hiding in the house of a peasant. Instead of executing all of them like his men encouraged him to, the lieutenant agreed that Castro surrender peacefully. He told his soldiers that "you cannot kill and idea", and this was important because it shows not all of Batista's high-ranked men go with his ideals. Without Castro, the revolution would never have succeeded, and he owes his life to the Lieutenant Pedro Manuel Sarria.]]> 2020-03-02 19:15:18 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/453193863 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/453207263 Six US bombers had left from Nicaragua to attack Cuban airfields, each one painted to disguise themselves as jets from the Cuban Air Force. They were to bomb and destroy the real Cuban Air Force while it was still on the ground, but only managed to eliminate three, killing seven civilians in the process.]]> 2020-03-02 19:30:39 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/453207263 annie_yang01 https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/453208138 After receiving CIA training provided by the US, 15,000 Cuban exiles who were dissatisfied with Castro's rule, or Brigade 2506, landed in the Bay of Pigs of Guatemala with the intention of infiltrating Cuba. They wielded American weaponry and ammo hoping to liberate their country for democracy.

Castro, having already learned there was an attack and destroyed the ships that carried ammo and supplies before mobilizing the entire Cuban army. Without knowing how many attackers there were and the kind of weapons they were using, Castro assumed that it was a full-scale attack. Which is reasonable, but... overkill, no?

The group of counterrevolutionaries were meant to be covered by the US air force, but they were cancelled by President John F. Kennedy because he was already in trouble for the bombing. This combined with the fact that they were outnumbered and outgunned resulted in the defeat of Brigade 2506 in no more than three days, with all either killed in action or captured.]]> 2020-03-02 19:31:48 UTC https://padlet.com/annie_yang01/t35suqass7gf/wish/453208138