책 We Are Water Protectors가 실화 사건인 Dakota Access Pipeline Protests에서 비롯됨을 알게 되었다.

Metaphor은 비유(은유)로 책에서 저자는 pipeline을 검은 뱀에 비유했다.

We stand / With our songs / And our drums / We are still here 어구가 반복되는 것은 검은 뱀에 대항하여 부족들이 함께 결집하여 시위하는 것을 강조하기 위함이다.

2016년 미국의 원주민 보호구역에 송유관을 설치하고자 한 프로젝트에 대해 더 알아보고 싶다.

원주민 부족과 환경단체의 시위에도 2017년 송유관이 설치된 이후 기름 유출과 같은 환경 파괴 사례를 알아보고 싶다.

글쓰기 주제를 선정하기 위해 조원들과 함께 떠오르는 아이디어를 마구잡이로 꺼내고 필기한 학습지를 사진찍어 올리세요:)

# 모범답안 참조하세요

1. 지구의 평균온도가 19세기 이래로 2.12화씨나 올라갔다는 사실이 충격적이였다. 그러나 이를 해결할 방법에 대한 예시가 나왔는데 클린에너지를 사용하는 것이였고 현재 전세계적으로 발달된 기술을 바탕으로 클린에너지의 사용을 장려하여 화석연료의 사용을 줄이면서 지구의 온도가 더이상 올라가지 않도록 해야한다는 생각이 들었다.

2.자원을 함부로 많이 사용하는 것에 대한 심각성이 본문에 나왔었는데 항상 종이와 같은 자원을 마구 버리는 나의 모습이 지구환경을 파괴하는 행동이라는 점에서 많이 반성하게 되었다.

3.영상에서 바다를 오염시키는 요인중 0.03%만이 플라스틱이라는것을 처음알게 되어 놀랐다.

평소에는 해양오염의 주범은 플라스틱이며 이 미세 플라스틱이 인간의 몸을 또 다시 해친다는 것으로 알고있었는데, 오히려 그물에 관한 오염이 더 심각했었고 국제적인 단속이 필요하다고 생각했다

알고싶은내용

-코로나 사태로 인한 마스크와같은 의료폐기물이 환경에 미치는 영향이 궁금하다.

작가에게 질문

-본문에서 동물과 식물들이 우리에게 공기,음식등을 제공하기 때문에 해치면 안 된다고 나와있었는데 구체적으로 우리가 하는 행동이 동식물에게 어떤 영향이 가며 그로인해 인간이 어떤 피해를 보는지 궁금하다.

2701 김솔비

컴공+환경

IT로 환경보호하기

그린AI

게임 서브스토리에 환경에 대한 이야기 넣기

환경보호 게임 만들기

전자제품의 제작/설계/포장/조립/폐기 면에서 얼마나 쉽게 재활용할 수 있는지

각종 폐부품이 환경을 오염 시키므로 친환경적인 소재 사용

• 알고 싶은 사항

물을오염시키고 그곳애사는 동식물들을 헤치는것으로 기름이외에 오늘날 약물제조를 위해 사용되는 일회용실험장기들, 주사기와 같이 공학과 의료분야에서 사용후 버려지는 일회용품이 바다에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 구체적으로 알고싶다.

• 작가 질문

본문에서 we are all related 라고했는데 이렇게 말한이유가 우리 모두 물로 부터 영양을 공급받고 물로 이루어져있다고 생각해서말한건지, 단순히 존재의 증감으로인해 영향을 미치기때문인지

1. 영상에서 인간이 1시간당 1만마리에서 3만마리의 상어를 죽인다는 것을 알게되었고, 대부분 부수어획으로 인해 상어들이 죽는것이 안타까웠다

2. 영상에서 세계 최악의 기름 유출사고로 꼽히는 딥워터 호라이즌호로 인해 3달 동안 죽은 물고기 수보다 하루 어업활동으로 인해 죽은 물고기수가 더 많다는 것을 알게되었고 인간이 바다환경을 심각하게 파괴하고 있다는 것을 깨달았다.

3. 본문에서 19세기 이후로 표면 온도가 2.12도 정도 올라간것을 알게되었다.

<알고 싶은 것>

검은뱀이 오염시킨 오수, 폐수를 친환경 전기로 바꿀 수 있는 기술이 있는지 알고 싶다

<작가에게 궁금한 점>

뱀이 우리의 물을 왜 오염시키려 하는지 그 이유를 알고 싶다

알고 싶은 1가지 사항

2016년에 시위를 시작했지만 2017년에 지어진 거면 1년동안 시위를 했다는 건데 시위를 어떤식으로 했는지 현장을 더 알고 싶고 송유관을 그 네 개의 주에서 설치를 했어야만 했던건지 알고 싶다.

작가에게 질문

이 글을 쓰시게 된 계기(책에서는 영감을 받았다고만 나옴)와 환경을 위해 활동하셨던 이력이 있으신가요?

알고싶은내용

-물감을 만들거나 폐기할때도 환경오염이 되는지 궁금하다.

작가에게 질문

-글을쓰실때 또 다른 환경오염 문제를 겪은 다른 부족들은 없었나요?

2704김하은

학교내에서 일어나는 환경오염

환경교육-> 환경 교육의 중요성-> 문제해결능력 상승, 미래를 위한 교육 •••

2704 김하은

1. 영상을 보고 플라스틱 빨대는 환경오염의 0.03%를 차지하고 40%이상의 환경오염이 그물망때문이라는 것을 알게되었다.

2. 해양파괴를 막기 위해 개인의 노력으로는 생선등을 먹지 않는것이 있다는 것을 알게되었다.

3. 기름이 한 부족을 위협할수도 있고 한번 유출됐다 하면 되돌리기가 쉽지 않다는것을 알게되었다.

1. 어업이 환경오염에 큰 영향을 미치고 있다는 것을 알게 되었다.

2. 이 책이 원주민 보호구역에 송유관 설치 프로젝트의 실화를 기반으로 한 책이라는 사실을 알게 되었다.

3. ‘Tracks down my face.’ 이 문장에서 나의 얼굴로 흐르는 눈물길들로 해석하며 시처럼 해석하는 것이 의미상 적절하다는 것을 배웠다.

   
   

1. 200년간 석탄과 기름을 때면서 나온 탄소 배출량은 살아있는 생물을 수백만년동안 태워서 나온 양과 맞먹는다는 내용을 보고 환경오염이 지금까지 내가 생각해온 심한 정도와는 비교도 안될정도로 심하다고 생각했다

2. 플라스틱을 먹고 죽었다는 해양생물들의 사체에는 대부분 그물이였는데 지금도 매일 하루에 지구 500바퀴를 감을 수 있는 양의 낚시줄이 바다에 버려지고 있다는 내용을 보고 어부들이 자신들의 경제활동을 하기 위해 해양생물들이 사라진다는 것이 안타깝다고 생각한다

3. We are water protectors 라는 책의 내용은 실제 미국 원주민 작가의 실제 사건을 바탕으로 한 책인데 지구보호,환경 문제에 대해 내용을 전달하고 물이 오염된다면 어떤 결과가 따르는지를 깊이 생각할 수 있는 책인것 같았다

(알고 싶은 1가지 사항)

병원에서 치료를 하고 남은 치료제나 의학에 필요한 의학제품이 어떻게 버려지고 버려짐에 따라 무슨 환경 오염에 영향을 미칠 지 알고 싶다

(작가에게 질문)

다코타 액세스 송유관 건설을 반대하는 운동이 있었는데 송유관 건설을 반대하기 위해 무슨 운동을 하였는지 국가에서는 무슨 일을 하고 있는지에 대해 궁금하다

1. '씨스피라시'라는 다큐멘터리를 통해 지구를 파괴하는 진짜 원인은 플라스틱, 일회용의 남용이 아닌 어류를 포획할 때 사용하는 그물망이라는 사실을 새롭게 알게 되었다.

2. 주장하는 글을 적을 때는 서론, 본론, 결론으로 적는데 본론에서 자신의 주장 뒷받침하는 근거를 들 때 for instance, according to, to sum up 등과 같은 단어들을 이용하여 요약과 정리를 할 수 있다는 것을 알았다. 또 통계 자료나 인용구를 사용하여 주장과 그 근거의 신뢰도를 높일 수 있다는 것을 알게 되었다.

3. <We Are Water Protector>이라는 책에서 'black snake'가 마을의 송유관을 의미하고 이것으로 인해 땅이 파괴되고 동식물들이 오염수에 노출될 수 있다는 의미를 내포하고 있다는 것을 알게 되었다.

1. 사실 해양생태계 오염의 주원이 플라스틱이 아니라 어업 폐기물이라는 것과 함께 환경단체가 상업 어업을 하는 협회의 지원을 받고 있었기에어업 폐기물이 아닌 플라스틱을 주원인으로 두고 사람들의 관심을 끌었다는 것을 알았다.

2. 우리 인간이 해산물을 먹지 않았을 때의 영향은 몸 속 미세플라스틱의 수가 줄어드는 것 뿐, 다른 문제는 나타나지 않는다는 것을 알았다.(즉, 해산물을 안먹는다고 해서 우리 몸에 불이익이 생기지 않음을 알았다)

3. 이 책이 그저 검은 뱀을 물리치는 이야기가 아닌, 송유관을 검은 뱀으로 비유하여 미국 원주민의 구역에 송유관이 설치되는 문제를 다룬 이야기라는 것을 알았다.

1. 온난화가 심해지는 이유가 플라스틱과 인간이 버린 쓰레기 등이 원인이라고 수많은 환경 단체들이 얘기 하고 있었지만 사실은 어업,어업쓰레기 등으로 46%이상의 생물들이 희생당하고 있다는 사실이 충격적이었다.

2.환경단체들이 어업문제에 대해 이야기 하지 않는 이유가 해산물의 판매를 촉진하는 협회의 지원을 받고 있다 즉, 해양에도 자본의 영향력을 받는다는 것을 알게되었다.

3.paragraph 이해 수업때 배운 본문에서 산림 벌채율은 지난 25년동안 약 50% 감소했는데 이는 주로 보존조치와 숲 관리 개선 때문이라는 내용이 있었는데 환경인식이 개선되고 있는것 같아 뿌듯했다.

1. 영상을 보고, 바다의 쓰레기중 가장 높은 비율을 차지하고 있는것이 그물망이며 빨대, 비닐봉지 등 우리가 바다에 버려 해양생물을 해친다고 대중적으로 생각하는 쓰레기들이 생각보다 적은 비율로 바다에 분포하고 있다는 것을 알게 되었다.

2. 동화책을 읽고, 물의 중요성에 대한 부분들을 읽으며 물이 중요한 이유와 왜 물을 보존하고 보호해야하는지 알게 되었다.

3. 동화책이 실제 사건과 연관이 되어있다는 것을 알고 읽으니 작가가 송유관을 black snake에 빗대어 표현한 이유를 알게되었다.

알고 싶은 내용

미국 원주민의 구역에 송유관을 설치한 사례 외에도 이와 같은 피해 사례가 있는지, 있었다면 그 사례에 대해 깊이 있게 알아보고 싶다.

작가에게 질문

작가님 또한 미국 원주민으로 알고 있는데 송유관 설치 반대를 위해 노력했음에도 불구하고 송유관이 설치되었을 때 어떤 기분(생각)이 드셨나요?

알고 싶은 것

쓰레기 섬의 쓰레기들을 어떻게 처리하면 좋을지 알고싶다.

작가에게 질문

글을 왜 아이의 시점으로 하고 송유관을 black snake로 했는지 궁금하다.

1. 알고 싶은 사항 : <we are water protectors>에선 black snake로 송유관이 안 좋은 이미지로 표현을 하였는데 실제로 송유관이 단점만 있었는지, 마을에 도움이 되는 점은 없었는지 알고 싶다.

2. 작가에게 질문 : Ojibwe라는 부족을 실제로 만나서 송유관에 관련한 이야기들을 들어 <we are water protectors>를 만드셨나요?

1. 영상 시청 후, 해양 생태계에 해로운 영향을 주는 활동이 어업활동이라는 것을 알았다.

2. 학습지의 글을 보고 생태계의 환경이나 기후 변화는 야생동물의 생명에 직접적으로 간섭하기에 환경을 보호하는 일은 동물과 식물을 보호하면서 결국에는 우리 자신을 보호하는 일이란걸 꺠달았다.

3. 지구온난화로 인해 홍수와 같은 자연재해가 일어나고 또 지구의 표면 온도는 화씨 약 2.12도 상승했다는걸 알았다.

알고싶은 점 : 해양 생태계에서 우리가 잘 알고있는 플라스틱, 비닐 등이 아닌 어업활동이 제일 큰 영향을 끼치는 것과 같이 이 글에서 보여준 송유관이 아닌 어떤 다른 구조물이나 활동이 생태계에 더 큰 영향을 미치고 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알고싶다.

작가에게 질문 : 송유관에 대한 현실적 문제를 환상적이고 허구적인 비유를 통해 어린이들을 대상으로 한 그림동화책으로 썼나요?

1.영상 시청 후 우리가 사용하는 플라스틱 빨대는 환경오염에 0.03%만 차지하고 있고, 어업으로 사용하는 그물이 환경오염에 큰 영향을 미치고 있다는 것을 알게되었다.

2.동화책에서 나온 ‘black snake'가 송유관을 비유하고 있다는 것을 알게되었다.

3.무분별한 어업으로 바다 환경이 손상되면 산호초와 같은 바다 생태계가 위협을 받아 다양한 종의 물고기들이 생태적으로 균형을 잃고 사라질 수 있다는 것을 알게 되었다.

<알고 싶은 사항>

영상에서는 주로 바다 환경오염에 초점을 맞추었으므로, 육지에서 발생하는 환경오염 중에서 내가 잘 모르고 있는 부분에 대해 알아보고 싶다.

<작가에게 질문>

Ojibwe라는 부족을 어떻게 알게되었는지

알고싶은 내용

Tracks down my face의 뜻을 정확히 알고싶다

송유관의 길이가 궁금하다

작가에게 질문

송유관으로 인해 피해가 얼마나 갔나요? 정말 동화책처럼 피해가 났나요?

1. 아프리카 지역에서 송유관이 설치되었다는 사실

2. 검은 뱀이 무엇을 하는지 그로 인해 부족민들이 무슨 피해를 받는지

3. Be in for something(=face challenge)의 뜻을 알게되었다

• 실제로 비슷한 환경에 처했을 때 어떻게 대처하는지 궁금하다

• 검은 뱀의 결과가 궁금하다

어업을 제지를 하면 우리의 환경문제를 해결할 수 있을끼?

<작가에게질문>

Balck snake라고 비유하며 스토리를 적게된 계기

2704김하은

1. 우리는 음식으로 생선을 먹는 것이지만 이것 또한 해양파괴에 영향을 미치고 있다는 것을 알고 우리가 주는 또다른 피해들이 있는 지 돌아보게 되었다.

2. black snake는 송유관을 표현하고 있다는 것을 알았다.

3. 인간을 개인의 이점을 생각해서 하는 활동들이 해양생물에게는 피해를 입고 점점 감소하고 있다는 것이 안타까웠다.

알고 싶은 내용

• 환경오염이 된 상황이 인공지능과도 관련된 사례가 있는 지, 또 이로써 해결할 수 있는 방법이 있는 지 알고 싶다.

작가에게 질문

• 왜 공유관을 black snake로 하였는 지 궁금하다.

1. 알고 싶은 내용: 건축공학과 환경이 어떻게 관련

   되어있는지, 또 현재 문제점을 어떻게 해결할 수 있는지 알아보고 싶다.

2. 작가에게 질문: 작가에게 예상 독자가 이 책을 읽을때 어떤 자세로 읽었으면 하고 바래서 쓴 책인지 궁금해졌다.

삼림 파괴는 기후변화와 밀접한 관계가 있다.

1.기후변화를 완화시키는 삼림의 역할
삼림은 대기로부터 막대한 양의 이산화탄소를 흡수하고 저장하는 능력이 있기 때문에 기후 변화를 완화하는 데 매우 중요하다. 그러나 삼림 벌채를 하게 되면 저장된 많은 양의 탄소를 대기 중으로 다시 방출함으로써 이러한 자연균형을 방해한다. 또한 나무는 물 순환을 조절하여 대기의 수위를 조절하는데 도움이 되며 삼림을 유지하는 것은 지구의 호흡을 위해 꼭 필요하다.
2.삼림보존이 제대로 지켜지지 않는 현실
ex1) 세계자연기구(wwf)의 보고서에서 2030 합의를 향한 느린 진전을 지적하였으며 특히 열대지방에서는 22년 동안 덴마크 크기에 달하는 열대우림 410만 헥타르가 파괴되었으며 22년 목표 대비 33%나 높은 수치라고 밝혔으며 2021년 목표수립 이후 세부적인 이행과 책임을 다하지 않고 있는 국제사회의 경각심을 일깨우기 위한 것으로 보인다.
ex2) P&G 미국 본사가 삼림보호서약을 철회한 사실이 드러났다. 뒤에서는 삼림 보호에 한걸음 물러나면서 앞에서는 기후 리스크에 전진하는 척 친환경 마케팅을 선전해 한국 소비자의 눈을 가리려 했다.
P&G 미국 본사는 작년(23년) 5월 삼림 황폐화 지역에서 생산된 목재 펄프를 구매하지 않겠다는 서약을 삭제 했다.
3.삼림보존을 위한 노력들
2023년 9월 기사에 따르면 8월에 브라질 아마존의 삼림 벌채 면적이 1년 전보다 3분의 2 가량 줄어든 것으로 나타났는데 루이스 대통령의 아마존 보호 정책이 효과를 거두고 있다고 하며 "지난달 아마존 내 삼림 벌채가 지난해(22년) 8월과 비교해 66.11% 줄었다."고 하는 등 지구의 허파인 아마존의 역할이 중요한 만큼 적극적인 관심을 기울이고 있다.
올해 2월 기사에서는 아우디가 전 세계 사업장에서 환경 프로그램 미션 제로를 전개한다고 소개했다. 해당 프로그램은 아우디 4가지 핵심 활동 영역 중 하나로 탈탄소화, 자원 효율성, 물 사용과 더불어 생물 다양성 보존에 중점을 두고 있으며, 아우디는 2023년 세계 사업장에서 생물다양성 보존 위한 다양한 프로젝트를 시작했는데 삼림 복원 등 다양한 프로젝트를 계속 추진하고 있다.

우리말 개요 작성하기

환경 보호를 위한 캠페인은 어떻게 할 수 있을까?

1. 정부가 할 수 있는 환경 캠페인으로는 무엇이 있을까?

:　정부가 할 수 있는 캠페인은 재활용 촉진, 에너지 절약 캠페인, 친환경 교통 캠페인, 숲 보호 캠페인, 환경 보호 관련 법 제정 등 다양하게 있습니다. 이에 대한 예시로는 독일이 있습니다. 독일은 환경보호 및 에너지전환에 대한 문제의식을 키웠고, 독일 연방정부에 적극적인 대응을 촉구하는 목소리를 냈으며. 그 결과 독일 연방정부는 지난 2016년 11월 ‘기후보호계획 2050정책’을 수립하면서 2030년까지 탄소배출량을 1990년도 기준연도 대비 최소 55% 감축, 2050년까지는 탄소중립 달성을 목표로 삼았습니다. 2019년 12월 12일에는 ‘기후보호법(Bundes-Klimaschutzgesetz)’을 제정하면서 독일 사회 전체의 탄소감축 노력을 한층 강화했습니다. 독일 연방정부가 탄소중립을 위한 책무를 다하기 위해 제정한 ‘기후보호법’은 기후전문위원회를 구성해 독립적으로 운영하고 있으며, 사회적으로 정의로운가, 비용은 적정한가, 경제성은 어떤가 등 전반을 고려해 설계하는 것입니다. 기후보호 법제화 등 계획을 구체화하는 과정에 개방성·공개성의 원칙을 준수했고, 각 분야 모든 주체가 지향해야 할 방향으로 설정했습니다. 그 결과 독일은 1990년 대비 2020년 이산화탄소 배출을 41% 감축하는 데 성공했습니다.

2. 기업이 할 수 있는 환경 캠페인으로는 무엇이 있을까?

: 기업이 할 수 있는 캠페인으로는 친환경 제품 홍보, 재활용 및 자원 절약 캠페인, 플라스틱 사용 감소 캠페인, 환경 성과 보고서 공개 등이 있습니다. 이에 대한 예시로는 롯데가 있습니다. 국내외 30개 지점을 운영하는 롯데호텔은 작은 것부터 실천하고자 친환경 캠페인 ‘Re:think’를 시작했습니다. 불필요한 물건은 사지 말 것(Refuse), 쓰레기를 줄일 (Reduce),반복 사용할 것(Reuse), 재활용할 것(Recycle)을 뜻하는 4R 활동과 자연을 다시 한번 생각하자는 의미가 담겨 있으며, 호텔 안 모든 식당과 카페에서 플라스틱 빨대 대신 종이 빨대를 사용하고, 비닐 대신 종이 포장재를, 자연 분해되는 일회용 포크와 나이프를 사용한다고 합니다.또한 롯데는 호텔뿐만 아닌 편의점인 세븐일레븐에서도 100% 재활용이 가능한 종이 트레이를 포장에 사용하고 음료수 라벨에 에코 라벨을 활용 및 물에 녹는 접착제를 사용하고, 재활용 가능한 투명 사이다 병을 활용하는 등 환경 보호를 위해 다양한 노력을 하고 있습니다.

3. 개인이 할 수 있는 환경 캠페인으로는 무엇이 있을까?

:　개인이 할 수 있는 환경 캠페인으로는 플라스틱 사용 줄이기, 에너지 절약하기, 지속가능한 소비 실천하기, 물 사용 줄이기, 줍깅 캠페인 참여하기 등 거창하지 않은 사소한 일들이지만 꾸준히 성실하게 캠페인을 한다면 환경보호에 영향을 줄 수 있을 것입니다.

1. 부정적이고 무서운존재인 black snake가 송유관을 빗대어 표현했다는 것을 알게되었다.

2. 실제로 2016년에 일어난 the Dokota Access Pipeline at Standing Rock Reservation(원주민 보호구역)에 대한 글이었다는 것을 알게되었다.

3. 송유관의 누수가 강을 오염시켜 환경과 부족 모두에게 큰 피해를 입힌다는 것을 알게되었다.

실제로 일어났던 이 신성한 땅을 가로지른 송유관 시위에 대한 정부의 대응이 어떤 방식이었는지 알고싶다.

이 시위에 대한 이야기를 듣고 이곳을 직접 방문하여 인터뷰해보았나요?

<Why should we waste medicine be safely disposed of?>

Due to technological developent, the importance of human health is emphasized and so particulary, in medical feild,it makes great progress. 

However, as technology is emphasized, environmental pollution is getting serious by lung medecine. Therefore, I will now explain to you why you need to safely dispose of waste medicine. 

First, overuse of antibiotic ingredients increases the likelihood of contracting superbugs. If undecomposed pharmaceutical ingredients are buried in the ground or flow into rivers through sewers, they contaminate soil and water. And if it is not properly purified, medicinal ingredients can enter our bodies through water. For example, if the drug contains antibiotic ingredients, overuse of the antibiotic ingredient will eventually result in infection with super bacteria, and the infected person may cause serious problems if antibiotics must be used because antibiotics do not work in the body. In summary, we have to be careful because infection with super bacteria due to incorrectly abandoned medicine can cause serious harm to human health. 

The second reason is that if waste medicines are not disposed of safely, ecosystem disturbance may occur. Most of the components of waste medicines are not easily deteriorated during the manufacturing process, so they do not decompose easily in nature. Ecosystem disturbance occurs due to undecomposed drug ingredients, an example is acetaminophen . Acetaminophen can cause liver damage, and research shown that acetaminophen detected in domestic rivers damaged the liver of minnows. Even if the population of one species decreases in the ecosystem, the serious impact affect on both the food chain, and the damage will be borne by humans. In conclusion, humans and the environment have a symbiotic relationship, and protecting the environment is the same as protecting humans, so waste medicines have to be safely disposed to protect both the environment and humans. 

Lastly, when we dispose waste medicines safely,the benefits are significant. One way to safely dispose of used medicines is abandoning  in the ‘medicines mailbox’. Waste medicines collected from ‘medicines mailbox’ are safely incinerated or recycled by specialized companies. For example, the heat generated during incineration is used as electricity in power plants. Meanwhile, in Korea, 42 out of 201 facilities recover residual heat from incinerators and combined heat and power generation to use for district heating (77%) and electricity production (23%). Therefore, we must use this technology to find ways to utilize waste as energy as much as possible, beyond simply disposing of it. 

If we innovatively develop technology and at the same time truly care about the environment, we can achieve perfect harmony between humans and the environment. Therefore, we must use advanced medicines in the pharmaceutical field as much as possible and safely dispose of waste medicines to create a safe and healthy environment on Earth. 

The importance of environmental education 

 As environment problems become grow these days, the importance of environmental education is increasing to solve them. Accordingly, environmental education is mandatory in most contry. Why is environmental education important? 

First, environmenral education help a sustainable lifestyle. By environmental education we can look back on  our life style. Through this, make more efficient use of resources, It can be of great help in coming up with measures to minimize the negative impact on the environment. In fact, the Bucheon Office of Education sympathizes empathiz this and publish environmental education programs and textbooks. Envionnmental education is very big helpful in learning a way of life where we and the Earth can coexist in harmony. Secound, we can increasing Recognition about environmentar problems. We can know how to use Earth's resources, understand environmental issues nd recognize responsibilities and roles. It can also raise awareness about environmental issues and lead them to practice. actually, Finland is working on environmental education from seven-year-olds to raise awareness of environmental issues. Third, environmental education very big heipful Education Environmental education induces creative and innovative thinking and improves problem-solving skills. Because environmental issues are mix complex and diverse. In addition, according to a paper by Professor Kim Bum-soo of Konkuk University, environmental education increases children's sensitivity by 57.4 percent and develop children's sociality. 

As such, environmental education is imfortant in our lives because it transforms our lifestyle into eco-friendly and helps us a lot in education. 

<Polluted Environment and People>

The water we use to replenish moisture to our bodies, the water we use to clean our bodies, the atmosphere that contains oxygen to live at the right temperature, protect us from UV rays, and breathe and live, basically the soil that makes the floor for us to stand and forms habitats for all kinds of life. What do they have in common? The environment is the environment. Various living things and ecosystems belong to the environment and they are affected continuously. Based on the impact that pollution has on people, I will explain why we should ensure that the environment is not polluted. Now, I will explain three reasons why we should not pollute the environment in relation to the impact that pollution has on people.

First, water pollution can reduce the number of living things and spread infectious diseases to people.

First, as an example of the impact of water pollution on living things, a wastewater spill accident occurred at a chemical plant in Anseong, Gyeonggi-do in July 2023, which resulted in the mass death of fish in Anseong Stream. In September 2023, water quality deteriorated due to the inflow of sewage from an apartment complex in Seoul into the stream. Water pollution also destroys the habitats of living things and reduces their number, as well as transmits infectious diseases to people. Water is an essential substance for people and living things, and it became a medium of cholera that was transmitted to people through contaminated water in the 17th century. When you get cholera, you vomit, and dehydration due to diarrhea can occur, leading to death. Cholera, which threatens human lives in this way, caused 40 million casualties at the time of the 17th century. In the end, attention should be paid to ensuring that water quality is not contaminated, as it not only threatens the lives of many living things there, but also has a fatal effect on humans.

Second, air pollution accelerates people's lifespan and makes them sick.

Air pollution is mainly caused by exhaust gas and industrial activities from cars that we use in our daily lives or when we go far away. The air polluted by these causes can speed up people's lives. On December 5, 1952, in the United Kingdom, where the Industrial Revolution developed, smog occurred due to the mixture of smoke and sulfur gases emitted from the chimneys of hundreds of thousands of homes with fog. The total number of deaths reached about 4,000 three to four days after the incident. By February of the following year, the total number of deaths increased by 8,000 to reach 12,000. The number of people who suffered from bronchitis, pneumonia, and respiratory diseases was also five times higher. In addition, the number of deaths was high in infants and the elderly. Since this polluted air speeds up people's lifespan and makes them sick, we must use public transportation and reduce waste so that the air is not polluted.

Third, soil pollution can spread diseases to people.

If it is contaminated, such as the water we drink and the air we breathe, the impact will come quickly. However, if the soil that supports us to stand is also contaminated, it can spread disease to people. A hydroelectric power plant was planned to be built in Niagara Falls in 1892, but the invention of alternating current electricity stopped the industry. Only a puddle called Love Canal, which is 1.6 km long, 14 m wide, and 3-12 m deep, was left. A chemical plant purchased this leftover puddle and discarded 284 toxic chemicals, amounting to 22,000 tons of them. However, when elementary school grounds and houses were built on landfills in the early 1970s, strange chemicals were released from cellars, causing residents to develop skin diseases. In addition, neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease are also associated with soil pollution. Exposure to toxic chemicals and pollutants such as pesticides and heavy metals can damage the nervous system and increase the risk of such conditions. Unlike water and the atmosphere, it is easy to think that contamination of the soil will have a direct impact on us, but when contaminated, it also returns to life and causes disease, so hazardous substances are properly disposed of to prevent contamination of the soil. Regular soil quality testing and monitoring should be carried out.

As a result, environmental pollution not only affects life, but also causes various diseases and diseases in people, and many people are still dying from various environmental pollution. Accordingly, we need to study prevention and treatment for diseases that can be caused by the environment in which we live.

Microbial fuel cells that turn wastewater into electricity 
 
Wastewater pollution pollutes the food chain. Contaminated algae pollute the fish that feed and poisoning the bears that eat them. Wastewater pollution also causes red tides, which are the mass destruction of aquatic animals, polluting large amounts of water and depriving humans of drinking water. As such, wastewater has a serious impact on our lives. If we continue to produce wastewater, our environment will be worse. But there are eco-friendly batteries that turn these wastewater into electricity. They are microorganism fuel cells. What are microorganism cells? 
 
We can compare microbial fuel cells with our digestive organs as an example. Digestive organs produce energy by decomposing food, and microorganisms in the cells work during this process. Likewise, microbial fuel cells use biomass or organic substances to produce energy through microbial activities. Therefore, just as digestive organs decompose food to make energy, microbial fuel cells decompose biomass to produce electricity. What are the advantages of these microbial fuel cells? 
 
First, it is eco-friendly. Microbial fuel cells generate energy using biological materials that are actually used as fuel, so their carbon emissions are low. Compared to the fossil fuels we commonly use, it is about 50 to 90% lower than the amount of carbon dioxide generated, which is very beneficial to global warming and our environment. In addition, microbial fuel cells are also eco-friendly because they can generate electricity and thermal energy at the same time. 
 
Second, because it uses renewable raw materials with high renewable potential. Examples of renewable raw materials include biomaterials and biomass. Biomaterials are various types of organic waste, plant waste, animal waste, etc., and raw materials obtained by processing biomass biomaterials include wood sawdust, crop residues, and livestock waste. Since these resources are renewable raw materials, there is sustainability in energy supply. 
 
Third, it is helpful for food treatment as well as for wastewater treatment. Professor Wiklinson from the University of South Florida presented to Autonomous Robots a robot that eats and moves through food waste and agricultural byproducts named Gastroot – literally 'robot with place.' He said, "It is highly likely that in the future, this robot will be developed as a robot that eats and moves through food waste or agricultural byproducts." About 8 to 10 percent of the world's greenhouse gases are emitted from food waste. Once commercialized, this robot is environmentally friendly because it can reduce greenhouse gases emitted by food. 
 
If so, do microbial fuel cells have only advantages? No. Microbial fuel cells also have limitations. First, they are not efficient. A microbial fuel cell has a conversion efficiency of about 20%, but hydrogen fuel energy generally has a conversion efficiency of over 50%. Second, the stability is not good. Since microorganisms used in microbial fuel cells are affected by external environmental conditions, the performance of the battery may become unstable depending on changes in environmental conditions or microorganisms. For example, the performance of the battery decreases at a low temperature, but microorganisms living at a low temperature make the performance of the battery unstable. As another example, a microbial fuel cell needs constant moisture, but it is difficult for microorganisms to develop a stable fuel cell in dry areas. Third, it is a burden in terms of economic and cost. The microbial fuel cell system is expensive because it requires work such as replacement of internal parts of the battery, supplementation of electrolytes, cultivation and management of microorganisms. In addition, due to the current technical limitations and cost problems, microbial fuel cells are relatively competitive. For example, solar cells are widely commercialized around the world, but microbial fuel cells are not commercialized, and very few people know about them. 
 
Microbial fuel cells are not actively developed because they are not efficient, have low stability, and are a burden in terms of economic and cost. However, as Goethe said, "The closer we are to nature, the farther away the disease is, and the farther we are from nature, the closer the disease is - Goethe said, the more important the environment is to us. People are interested in microbial fuel cells, and research on microbial fuel cells becomes active and universal. I wish we could treat wastewater and produce electricity environmentally friendly. Today, we have to put a lot of effort into microbial fuel cells even if they cost a lot to pass down a good environment and good air to our descendants. 

The way to protect environment : environmental campaign 

ecological environmen offerd to us. Fresh air, clean water, greenwood and plants is direct influenced us that is our quality of life and health. However, ecological environmen is serious threaten by the acting of human. Damaged of ecological envirenmen is directly connect of our life. Than, what can we do to protect the environment for us and the earth? 

The way of protect environment is environmental campaign, envireonmental campaign is help the diffuse that social consciousness of environmental problem and it helps to have a view of the environment. Than what is the types of protection campaigns and how can we execute? 

First, Government can various activities such as promoting recycling, energy conservation campaigns, eco-friendly transportation campaigns, forest protection campaigns, and environmental protection legislation. For example, Germany is develop a sense of problem that environmental problem and energy conversion. If then, What are the types of environmental protection campaigns, and how can do implemented?  

First of all, there are various campaigns that the government can do, such as promoting recycling, energy conservation campaigns, eco-friendly transportation campaigns, forest protection campaigns, and environmental protection legislation. An example of this is Germany. Germany has developed a sense of environmental protection and energy transition, as a result, the German federal government established the "Climate Protection Plan 2050 Policy" in November 2016, aiming to reduce carbon emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to the 1990 base year and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. On December 12, 2019, the "Bundes-Klimaschutzgesetz" was enacted and carbon reduction efforts in German society as a whole were further strengthened. It was designed with overall consideration, that 'Climate Protection Act' enacted by the German federal government to fulfill its responsibilities for carbon neutrality socially just, appropriate cost, and economic feasibility. In the process of embody in the plan, such as legislating climate protection, the principle of openness was observed, and it was set in the direction that all actors in each field should aim for. As a result, Germany succeeded in reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 41% in 2020 compared to 1990. 

Next is the campaign that companies can do. Campaigns that companies can do is include promoting eco-friendly products, recycling and resource conservation campaigns, reducing plastic use, and releasing environmental performance reports. An example of this is Lotte. Lotte launched an eco-friendly campaign called "Re:think" to do small things at Lotte Hotel, which operates 30 branches at home and abroad. It have some means that think about nature again with 4R activities that mean not to buy unnecessary items(Refuse), reduce waste(Reduce), use repeatedly(Reuse), and recycle(Recycle). All restaurants and cafes in the hotel use paper straws instead of plastic straws, and paper packaging instead of plastic, and use disposable forks and knives that break down naturally. Also, Lotte is not only a hotel, 7-Eleven, a convenience store, also uses 100% recyclable paper trays for packaging. And making various efforts to protect the environment, such as utilizing eco-labels on beverage labels, using water-soluble adhesives, and using recyclable transparent cider bottles. 

Lastly, it is an environmental campaign that individuals can do. That is environmental protection campaign that individuals can do, such as reducing plastic usage, reducing plastic usage, reducing water usage, reducing water usage, reducing water usage, and participation protection groups. These are minor things that are not grandiose, but if you continue to faithfully practice the campaign, it will have an impact on environmental protection. 

As such, the government and companies can campaign for environmental protection, but there are many things individuals can do. “Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much.” said Helen Keller. It may be a small movement alone, but if you do it together, it can be a trivial thing. Let's all work together on a environmental campaign. 

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environment and health
In fact, the world is experiencing abnormal weather due to environmental pollution. In particular, global warming is called a greenhouse gas, and fossil fuels have a direct impact on human health as well as the environment due to fine dust. For example, global warming is a phenomenon in which the average temperature of the earth's surface rises every year due to greenhouse effects such as carbon dioxide generated by the combustion of fossil fuels such as oil, pollutants such as CFC, ozone, and methane gas, and the destruction of plants' habitats caused by acid rain. As a result, ecosystems are destroyed, desertification of the continent is rapidly progressing, sea levels are rising, and abnormal climate phenomena are rapidly increasing. Air pollutants can cause respiratory and cardiopulmonary diseases, exposure to asbestos dust increases the incidence of cancer and lowers the body's immune system. In addition, the number of confirmed cases is increasing in Korea amid the spread of fears of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) around the world. In addition to this year's coronavirus, we have suffered from the fear of numerous 'new viruses' for the past few years. Surprisingly, as many scientists and experts have said that the spread of new viruses and climate change are related, climate change can cause infectious diseases, for example, and vector viruses can spread. The distribution and activity patterns of organisms acting as vectors may change when temperature increases and humidity changes due to climate change. If vectors, such as mosquitoes and ticks, spread the virus as a medium, the probability of spreading the virus increases due to the expansion of the distribution of the vectors. For example, fever and Zika virus are spread through mosquitoes, and changes in the distribution of mosquitoes caused by climate change can increase the risk of such a virus epidemic. In the modern industrial society, the demand for various resources has increased rapidly due to the increase of population, concentration, industrial development, and the resulting increase in consumption. As a result, enormous amounts of soot, sewage, and waste are discharged, and as this expands to a large area, pollution becomes increasingly serious. Among them, water pollution is generally caused by contamination of water bodies by chemicals or microorganisms. Therefore, pollution can also affect human health, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Water is one of the most essential factors for human survival. Managing the water quality and hygiene of drinking water is very important for maintaining human life and health. There are various causes of water pollution, such as sewage, wastewater, groundwater, and drinking water. Although exposed by various occurrences in the process of human consumption, harmful factors emitted from various manufacturing, mining, agricultural industries, and human residential environments can seep into sewage, wastewater, and groundwater, leading to pollution along with soil pollution. Mercury poisoning is an example of the impact of water pollution on health conditions. Although mercury is toxic to the human body, metallic water temperatures, which are water quality problems, are absorbed through the digestive system, and neurotic weakness, numbness, vocalization, walking and hearing impairment, and central visual acuity occur.

Water pollution is a case of health effects in Africa, where it does not rain for seven months a year, so water cannot be stored efficiently during the rainy season and water and sewage systems are vulnerable, causing chronic water shortages. An average of 3,500 Malawi children a year suffer from poor health caused by water pollution, with a woman walking back and forth in southeastern Africa and drinking water from muddy puddles for 20 to 30 minutes

The effects of air pollution on humans 

2715 Jeong Seo Jeong 

Industrial development has made human life a more comfortable andprosperous society, but since technological civilization has developed, that is, the proportion of secondary industries has grown, a lot of harmful substances and waste have been discharged in disorder, polluting the environment. Here, we will look at how air pollution harms us humans, and we will find out and review the damage measures.  

The causes of air pollution are mainly caused by industrial activities, transportation, and the emission of pollutants from the combustion of fossil fuels, and are composed of various harmful substances. Representatively, it contains pollutants such as fine dust, ozone, nitrogen oxides, and sulfuric acid gas. The first damage caused by air pollution is the "destruction of the ozone layer." The ozone layer in the stratosphere protects against ultraviolet rays that damage humans. However, when pollutants produced by human industrial activities become polluted in the atmosphere, the ozone layer is destroyed and UV rays cannot be prevented. When the ozone layer fails to block UV rays, it causes skin cancer in humans and harms the eyes and other biological organisms. The second is "damage from acid rain." It is not only caused by air pollution in our country but also in the atmosphere of neighboring countries, which causes nitrogen dioxide or sulfur dioxide gas to become sulfuric acid and fall to the ground with rain. Acid rain falls over a large area, which can devastate lakes and rivers, killing fish and sea creatures. In addition, land hit by a lot of acid rain can destroy the entire ecosystem by acidifying the soil and preventing plants from growing, reducing the harvest of crops and killing earthworms and microorganisms in the soil. 

The first countermeasure against air pollution is a "political response." To curb the use of unnecessary energy, tax policies such as environmental taxes are devised, and the second, "corporate response." Companies devise ways to use less fossil energy in the production process and develop products accordingly. So far, we have looked at the specific meaning of air pollution, damage cases, and countermeasures. The environment is something we always have to rely on. We have been and will continue to be helped by the environment. However, it is impossible for us to destroy this environment. We must protect the environment for ourselves and for future generations. We need to protect the environment for ourselves and future generations. 

Do you know the seriousness of the current environmental problems? The world has produced more than 2 million tons of plastic every year since 1950. Annual production increased to 419 million tons by 2015, and plastic waste worsened the environment. It’s hard to find a place where plastic isn’t used right now. The produced plastics are recycled around 9% of the world. The amount of plastic waste which is dumped into the marine environment reaches 11 million tons each year. This is causing about 14 million tons of plastic to flow into the ocean, harming wildlife habitats and the animals living in them. AI has been influenced to solve these environmental problems. AI technology was applied to encourage national recycling. AI is also used as means of encouraging recycling to prevent environmental pollution in everyday life. A circular resource recovery robot released by Supervin is a case in point Nefron. Nefron is an AI robot that saves 10 won per bottle if you separate the plastic bottle and the can and throw it away. It says to the type of resource that is put into the accumulated learning data by recognizing pet bottles and cans and learning the appearance of resources by embarking on a vision AI technology called Neurogency inside. It’s the same way that people see resources with their eyes and divide them based on their existing knowledge. We collected images of cans and pet bottles that continued to be put in and construct them into big data. As a result, even if the appearance or barcode is damaged, the types can be distinguished. If you throw away trash not plastic bottles and cans, of course, it will not be recognized. AI solves not only environmental problems but also many problems. Here are these three ways to take shape energy management. The first is to efficienate energy use. Businesses   collect large amounts of data that can be used to maximize efficiency. Turning that data into insights can be difficult but AI can help with that. Concretely, AI accurately chase and predict consumption trends, identify where changes are needed, and fine tuning the system to ensure optimal efficiency. The second is the diversification of energy sources. AI can also help businesses introduce renewable energy sources and control their carbon footprint.  By analyzing the direction and degree of blur of the sun, it is possible to efficiently accept solar and solar energy and operate wind power plants efficiently in consideration of wind speed and wind direction. Finally, it’s about buying smarter energy. You can research complex market trends and analyze data to better plan. It can manage energy consumption and reduce risks in unstable energy markets. In this way, AI, like environmental problems, helps our lives and gives us better convenience. However, We also need a lot of effort personally to solve environmental problems.

2721 탁예은

How much is the environment destroyed when making clothes?  

Do you know how many environments are destroyed when you make clothes?  

 first of all, garbage from old clothes and clothes is increasing every year. The reason is because of the plague fashion, which continues to change due to the changing trend and a simple change of mind. This increases the amount of waste from old clothes and clothes. Also, this is not a good thing for Korea and the countries that import secondhand clothing. In Korea, as the amount of used clothes increases due to plague fashion, if 40 tons are collected from only one of the 100 branches that collect used clothes, 95% of them will be exported to 10 countries, including India, Cambodia, and the Philippines. However, even in these 10 countries, there are not many clothes to wear, so clothing trash piles up in their countries. There is a documentary video that deals with this issue in detail. It's a video called "There's no Earth for Clothes" and it contains details.  

The destruction of the environment can also be seen in the clothing process.  

 First of all, we use a lot of water and pigments to dye our clothes. This is enough to pollute water, and it makes fiber chemicals and artificial fibers and overuses them.  Why we produce so much is related to the brand's value. Brands sell clothes at scattered prices for their brand image and value, and clothes that are not sold at high prices remain as remaining products, and the more seasonal products they are, the faster they are disposed of. Such discarded clothing or shoes, 70 percent of the remaining 60 million tons of production, are disposed of in large quantities in landfills.  

Do you know the process of producing mink fur?  

Don't you know what mink fur has to do with the environment?                     High-value fur is made by peeling the skin of an animal called mink. The process of making this is not only brutal, but at least 80 to 200 mink fur are sacrificed per mink. The mink can also be divided into wild mink and improved mink. The reason for the improved mink is that the cured mink family is expensive, so it is said that the improved mink was born through artificial breeding, which discharges pollutants, releases a lot of energy, peels them, and then chemically processes them.  Another problem is the risk of destroying existing ecosystems if improved species escape. 

Protecting the Environment through AI Technology 

What comes to your mind if you think of AI? Some of you will think of “Chat GPT,” a conversation-based AI chatbot or “AlphaGo,” an AI go program which beat human go game masters. Nowadays, AI technologies are applied to protecting the environment while saving endangered species, sorting out thrown trash, and washing used plastic cups and bottles.  

First, AI technology is being used to save endangered species. As global warming has become severe, glaciers and ice sheets are melting rapidly. So, animals such as polar bears, whales, and seals, which are living in the Arctic, are losing their habitats.  The endangered species living in the Arctic are difficult to track because they live in the remote places and they are moving quickly. To solve the problem, AI technology tracks targeted animals with image deep learning. It can even figure out the change of the populations which are living under the water through a sonar, a device used for finding things that are underwater by using sound wave. Dr. Erin Moreland of the Alesska Hydroxyl Center said it took a year to find between 7,000 and 9,000 animals in a million images with visual and infrared cameras, but AI was able to drastically reduce the time. 

Second, AI technologies are playing important roles in sorting out thrown trash and increasing the rate of recycling. When we humans sort out trash, it is easy to miss out much trash. Missed trash will have to get buried or burnt. In order to solve the problem, a start-up company named Aetech(에이트테크) developed an AI based trash sorting machine called Atron. This machine has replaced the work of human beings. Atron recognizes trash through AI image scanning technology and sorts out trash with an AI robot. After using the AI machine, the speed of trash sorting increased 240 percent and the cost of trash sorting deceased 279 percent. 

Third, AI technologies are being used to wash used plastic cups and bottles. When we recycle plastic cups and bottles, if the cups and bottles have much dirty substances, it is difficult to recycle them. To solve the problem, Inobus, a social venture company developed a eco-friendly plastic bottle sorting and washing machine called 쓰샘. If a user empties plastic bottles and puts them into the machine, the machine washes the plastic bottles. Thanks to the innovative AI technology of 쓰샘, the machines have been placed in many public places and buildings and increased the recycling rate of plastic cups and bottles.  

Some people are worried that AI technologies will replace human beings in the future. Instead of just worrying about the future, we had better make use of AI technologies to make the earth sustainable. For me, I want to major in computer science and then after graduating from college, I want to participate in utilizing AI technologies to protect the environment. 

Because of lead, the cause of the fall of the Roman Empire?

'All roads lead to Rome.'
  Born around the 8th century B.C., the Roman Empire was so powerful that it controlled not only the Italian Peninsula, but also Europe and North Africa. However, the Ottoman Empire invaded and destroyed the Roman Empire in 1453. Why did the Roman Empire, which was the first in the Western world to build a great empire and possess high-level technology and culture, become a loser in the war?

Many theories have been raised about the cause of the Roman Empire's decline. Some of the factors are the inefficiency of large farms (Latifundium), the economic downturn due to the suspension of the supply of slaves, the decline of soldiers' robust business spirit due to the spread of Christianity and other foreign religions, the enlargement of state organizations, and the destruction of people's livelihoods due to excessive taxes and inflation. The most likely theory is that the Roman Empire gradually collapsed due to threats from Germanic and Persian countries and internal conflicts during the period of its enactment.

Recently, however, the claim that Rome was destroyed due to 'lead poisoning' has gained credibility. It is argued that lead, one of the most useful industrial metals of the Roman Empire in which the waterway system was developed at the time, caused disease, degenerating and sickening the Romans. Let's find out the cause of the collapse of the large Roman Empire, the use of lead in heavy metals, and the risk of lead poisoning.

First, the daily necessities of the Romans made of lead.
Regardless of aristocrats or commoners, there is speculation that lead-based daily necessities have become very popular and are addicted to lead.
In fact, the Romans favored lead enough to use it for money as well as tableware, spoons, cups, cookware, etc. It is said that women even used cosmetics added with lead powder for the whitening effect. Between 1969 and 1976, a cemetery for the Romans was excavated in Cirencester, southern England, to find clues about the fall of the Roman Empire. As a result of the excavation and analysis of 450 remains, it is said that the Romans' remains contained about 80 times more lead on average than the general population. The child's ashes contained more lead, indicating that the Romans' lead poisoning was serious.
Lead poisoning does not cause any symptoms in one morning, but accumulates little by little in the body when continuing to contact over a long period of time, causing problems as people in that era who lacked medical knowledge continued to use lead without knowing the risk of lead.

Second, lead pipes in water and sewage facilities.
In Rome, where water channel systems like large-scale public baths and underground waterways were developed, lead was an essential builder in the construction of water pipes to supply water to various cities. Lead, which is so brittle and easy to process, is located throughout Rome, and it is argued that water pollution was caused, especially in water channel facilities connected with lead pipes.
International joint researchers, including Lyon University in France, Southampton University in the United Kingdom, and Rice University in the United States, analyzed the concentration of lead isotopes by collecting the ruins of a waterway connecting Portus and the River Thebere, a port city of the ancient Roman Empire, on the left side of the Italian peninsula.
As a result, it was confirmed that the concentration of lead in the waterway, which used to be the central part of the Roman Empire in the past, was up to 100 times higher than that of the area that did not. In other words, it is highly likely that the Romans, who drew clean water to lead pipes and used it as drinking water, were exposed to lead poisoning and easily contracted various diseases, which eventually led to a decline in combat power.

Third, wine with added lead.
There is also an opinion that the main cause of the serious lead poisoning of the Romans is the wine they loved. Ancient Romans had a strong sour taste because they made wine using natural enzymes. To solve this problem, winemakers added sweetened saffa. At the time, saffa was a sweetener made by boiling grapes for a long time in a lead-coated pot and was added to 20% of food recipes from the Roman Empire.
Lead poisoning causes abnormalities in the nervous system, such as delirium, seizures, and excitement. A normal person dries up and causes infertility, and a pregnant woman miscarries. Even the Roman ruling class was unaware of the mental anxiety that plagued the rulers at the time and the fact that saffa was the cause of infertility in women.
As the number of lead addicts increased, the population of the ruling class decreased, and the early death rate of infants and toddlers increased, the life expectancy of the Roman Empire fell to the mid-20s, and the Roman Empire could not become a normal country.

As a result, lead was one of the most useful industrial metals in the Greek and Roman periods as it was easily corroded and easy to process. In the Roman Empire, the average amount of lead consumed by nobles, commoners, and slaves was estimated to be 250 1 g, 35 1 g, and 15 g per day, respectively. The amount of lead consumed by the Roman nobles is thought to have been at risk of lead poisoning. Lead poisoning reduced the fertility rate and increased the mortality rate of the ruling galle, while decreasing their activity. It is a historical fact that nobles rapidly weakened during the last century of the Roman Republic and the early centuries of the Roman Empire.
Economic stagnation, declining demographics including labor shortages, excessive overuse of materials and natural resources, rigidity or unity of socio-political organizations, the barrage of organizations, Christianity's prosperity, ecological stress, the senility of organizations, etc. Lead poisoning by the Roman aristocracy caused the internal weakness of the Roman Empire.

Forest destruction is intimate relation with a climate change 

 The forests that we need for the Earth’s Breathing many companies have lumber problem became the present gradually be exposed. Human activities such as agriculture, logging, mining development (forests, clearing, and others) are reduce forest space, resulting severe climate change. The risk forest fires drought increase, and forest loss cause torrential rain and landslides, cause damaged to many people. 
 
Forests play a role in mitigation of climate change. A recent U.S. study has revealed a surprise link between deforestation and mercury emissions, according to February 2024 article, study led by scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) found that about 10 percent of the mercury that humans release into the atmosphere each year is the result of global deforestation. Like this, forests are process of removing airborne pollutants mercury, absorbing and storing huge amounts of carbon dioxide, regulating water circulation, and absorbing, storing, and re-emissions greenhouse gases, play critical role in affective the global climate system. 
 
However, the reality is that conservation of forests is not properly followed. P&G's U.S. headquarters has found to have withdrawn its Forest Protection Agreement. In the background, it took a step back from protecting forests and try cover up the eyes of Korean consumers by promoting eco-friendly marketing as moving forward with climate risks. P&G's U.S. headquarters deleted its pledge not purchase wood pulp from deforested areas in May last year. In a report by the World Wide Fund for Nature, Their pointed out slow progress toward the 2030 agreement, especially in the tropics, where 4.1 million hectares of rainforest the size of Denmark have been destroyed over 22 years, 33 percent higher than the 2022 goal, and it saw to aimed at raising awareness in the international community, which has not carrying out detailed implementation and responsibilities since the 2021 goal was set. 
 
These circumstances, efforts made to preserve forests. According to an article in September 2023, the deforestation area of the Brazilian Amazon decreased by two-thirds in August from a year ago, and President Luiz's Amazon protection policy is working, saying, "Deforestation in the Amazon last month decreased by 66.11 percent compared to August last year (22 years)." As the role of the Amazon, the lungs of the earth, is important, attention paid to it. In the article in November 2023, Du Namu, a blockchain and fintech company, held a drinking water event called "Restoration Forest" in the forest fire-affected areas of Buk-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongbuk with the Korea Forest Welfare Agency & Uljin-gun Forest Association. The Second Forest campaign is a citizen-participating environmental protection campaign that Du Namu has been running every year since 2022 to restore forests. Planting one tree in a virtual forest in the second block of the two-tree metaverse platform will actually plant two trees in the forest damage. 
 
Forests are essential to playing an important role in mitigate climate change, such as absorbing pollutants in the air and controlling water circulation, and forests must be preserved because they cause problems such as drought and forest fires in places where forests have been reduced at this time. 

< Eco-friendly Architecture to Achieve Carbon Neutrality in Response to Climate Change>

Today, energy conservation is crucial, especially when it comes to dealing with climate change. In order to address the current climate problem, an increasing number of people are asking for carbon neutrality, also known as Net Zero Carbon Emission, in every aspect of human activity. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the building and construction industry accounts for approximately 36% of total global energy demand. These numerical values indicate that the building industry requires environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions to address climate change.

Carbon emissions aren't just a concern when buildings are in use. They also occur during the production and transportation of materials needed for construction. This carbon footprint sticks with the building throughout its life, from the moment it is constructed until it is no longer in use. There are two kinds of carbon emissions in construction. The first type, known as 'embodied carbon,' is emitted when materials are manufactured and transferred to a construction site. The other type, 'operational carbon,' is emitted when the building is in use, including activities like using power, water, and heating and cooling systems. Then, what are the solutions for reducing carbon emissions in the building industry?

Today, there is a growing interest in zero-energy buildings, designed to significantly cut down on energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions. Zero energy architecture involves constructing buildings that produce more energy than they consume, thereby reducing the overall carbon footprint from construction to disposal. Additionally, utilizing renewable energy sources is essential to decrease energy consumption and improve building efficiency. In 2017, South Korea introduced a certification system for zero-energy buildings, highlighting the importance of integrating passive and active technology alongside renewable energy sources. Passive technology minimizes energy loss by utilizing the building's insulation and architectural elements without the need for additional mechanical devices during construction. Conversely, active technology employs mechanical systems to harness energy from natural sources like solar heat, geothermal heat, and wind power. By embracing these sustainable energy sources, zero-energy architecture not only lowers operational costs but also helps combat climate change by reducing carbon emissions.

There are several examples of zero-energy architecture around the world. The National Institute of Ecology in Korea serves as a pioneering example. As the first building in Korea to achieve certification as a zero-energy building, it generates energy through solar and geothermal systems while minimizing consumption with high-efficiency insulation and energy-saving devices. Similarly, the 'Googleplex,' Google's headquarters in California, USA, is renowned for its zero-energy design. Utilizing primarily solar panels for electricity generation, it also integrates a high-efficiency energy system to further reduce energy usage. Additionally, Germany’s ‘Freiburg Solar House’ demonstrates the effectiveness of solar energy, meeting 100% of its energy needs through solar cells integrated into its exterior walls. These examples underscore the importance of zero-energy construction in advancing energy efficiency and environmental sustainability.

In conclusion, urgent action is required within the building industry to mitigate carbon emissions in response to climate change. Given the building industry's growing importance in global energy consumption, projects like zero-energy architecture provide viable options for increasing energy efficiency and promoting environmental sustainability. The World Green Building Committee underscores the critical need for drastic carbon reduction in the construction industry to limit the temperature rise to 1.5 °C post-industrialization. By embracing these innovative approaches and taking decisive action, we can pave the way for a greener, more sustainable future for generations to come.

<Dangers of Marine Waste>

Have you ever paid attention to marine waste? According to the Marine Environment Information Portal, marine waste increases from 31,817 EA (unit of number) to 182,374 EA and 78,476 EA from 2018 to 2023, and then decreases. I don’t think you can understand how serious the marine waste problem is by presenting only numbers like this. If a lot of marine waste is generated, the problem may worsen because the scope and target of the impact of this waste expands. Waste must be collected early before this problem worsens, but due to the nature of the ocean, it is difficult to locate marine waste, which accelerates the severity of marine waste. So is there no way to dispose of marine waste? From now on, I will tell you about the things I researched about marine waste. 

First, let's learn about marine waste. Marine waste refers to waste that is introduced, dumped, or abandoned in the ocean or beaches in accordance with Article 2 (Definition) of the Marine Waste and Marine Pollution Sediment Management Act. Depending on where they are distributed, marine waste is classified into beach or coastal waste, floating waste, which is waste that floats near the surface of the sea, and seafloor or sediment waste, which is waste that sinks to the bottom of the sea. 

The causes of such marine waste are largely divided into land-based and marine-based. First, a land-based cause occurs when street trash, damaged structures, and piles of abandoned trash generated on land enter the sea through streams and rivers during torrential rains, heavy rain, or floods. Small and light items are often blown by the wind or enter the sea through drainage ditches, even if it is not a heavy rain. It also occurs due to the neglect or illegal dumping of waste by tourists entering the beach or residents living along the coast. Subsequently, the marin causes are caused by fishing nets, fishing rods, etc. that are unknowingly discarded from activities related to fishing and fishing activities. Additionally, in the case of aquaculture facilities, fishing gear, fishing nets, etc., they may fall off due to typhoons and strong winds when the facilities or fishing gear are replaced and become garbage. 

So what kind of damage does marine waste caused by these causes cause to us? First of all, one-tenth of shipping accidents are due to marine wastes. If ropes, fishing nets, and so on. abandoned in the sea become entangled in the ship's propulsion engine, or if a plastic bag is sucked into the ship's pipes, problems will occur in the operation of the engine, making navigation impossible, and an accident may occur. Second, it reduces fishing productivity. This is because there are cases where not only the catch but also trash is caught in the fishing net, so more work is needed in the process of picking out the waste one by one. Thirdly, the population of sea creatures will decrease. If a fishing line, rope, or net gets caught in the neck, legs, beak, or wings of a sea animal, it will be unable to avoid enemies or catch prey, greatly hindering its survival. If the population of marine life decreases due to human intervention, it can cause an imbalance in the food chain and cause long-term ecological damage. This damage can cause great damage because it not only affects the ocean, but also organically affects humans. Marine waste has also created a problem called ghost fishing. Ghost fishing refers to the death of unintended creatures caught in abandoned fishing nets or traps. It is known that 1 million sea birds and 100,000 marine mammals such as whales, seals, and manatees that need to be protected die every year from marine waste. Destroys the fourth creature habitat. There are cases where waste accumulates on the coast or in shallow waters, completely covering the habitat of living things. The creatures that are covered in the nets are left in a situation where the sea bottom rots due to marine waste and becomes uninhabitable. 

Now, let's find out how the country is responding to problems caused by marine waste and what countermeasures individuals can implement. First of all, the country is carrying out cooperation projects between local governments and the central government by concluding a ‘River and Estuary Waste Management Agreement’ in all five major river basins to reduce waste originating from land. In addition, to ensure that Styrofoam buoys for aquaculture are recycled smoothly rather than being discarded, we are operating a waste buoy recovery system in which the landfill system participates. Garbage that has already entered the ocean is collected and processed to minimize damage. In addition, countermeasures that individuals can practice include not throwing away trash without permission when going to the beach and taking trash with them when returning home; and when individuals go fishing, they do not throw away fishing rods or fishing nets in streams or rivers to prevent trash from flowing into the sea. There is a way to prevent this from happening. 

So far, we have learned about what marine waste is and how much damage it is currently causing to us. If we pay attention to marine waste, recognize its seriousness, and make efforts to prevent the problem from getting worse, we will be able to prevent damage in the future. 

Environmental destruction increases zoonotic disease

Until last year, the number of confirmed cases was increasing as the new coronavirus spread from Korea to the world. However, many new viruses, including COVID-19, have been struggling over the past few years. Surprisingly, many scientists and experts said that the spread of the new virus and climate change are related.

The destruction of wildlife habitats due to climate change increases the spread of zoonotic diseases. In 1999, for example, Malaysia had a new virus called Nipah, which killed more than 100 people. When El Niño-induced wildfires and droughts forced fruit bats, known as hosts of the Nipah virus, out of their habitats, they traveled around pig farms in search of food, infected pigs with the bat virus, and then transmitted the virus to humans. Other examples include the AIDS virus, avian influenza, swine flu, SARS, and Ebola viruses, all caused by wildlife. To sum up, frequent contact with wildlife has increased the likelihood of contracting the new virus, as people have indiscriminately destroyed the environment and made the distinction between people and animals ambiguous.

Climate change can also create an environment suitable for infectious diseases, as opposed to habitat destruction. For example, vampire insects, such as mosquitoes, can carry zoonotic diseases. Global warming has expanded the habitats of mosquitoes that live in hot environments. It has also created an environment suitable for mosquitoes to breed. Microbiologist Justin Worland said, "Surviving cases in high-temperature environments spread the virus more easily because they are more easily adapted to a person's body temperature." In other words, various diseases, such as West Nile and Zika, have spread throughout the world.

Protecting the Earth for these reasons also affects our health. Therefore, we should practice environmental protection even in order to protect our health. Efforts to protect the environment are diverse. For example, individual efforts include saving water and lowering indoor heaters and air conditioners to appropriate temperatures. And social and national efforts include imposing carbon taxes.

In conclusion, protecting the environment is the best way to protect our health. When we protect the environment, we greatly reduce our chances of getting sick and coming into contact with animals. So we have to protect and protect the environment together.

<Saving wildlife is to protect the Earth>  

From now on, an increase of 2 degrees Celsius of the earth can cause many problems such as extreme climate, ecosystem destruction, and ocean acidification. In order to prevent this, we have to prevent an increase of 2 degrees Celsius of the earth. What should be done to prevent an increase of 2 degrees Celsius of the earth? The main cause of global warming is greenhouse gases. So we should try to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. So, what should we do to reduce greenhouse gas emissions? According to Dr. Schmitz from Yale University in the U.S, saving wildlife is the way to protect the Earth. Then, now I will explain three big reasons why we need to protect wildlife.  
One big reason is that when a particular animal species goes extinct, the ecosystem is converted into a carbon source. According to professor Schmitz when a particular species goes extinct in a forest, the trees that absorbed carbon dioxide in the forest disappear and a new organism that released carbon will be formed, changing the ecosystem and accelerating global warming. To sum up, it is necessary for us to protect wildlife and prevent the ecosystem from being converted into a carbon source. 
 Another important reason is that wildlife can capture natural carbon. Dr.Schmitz, a professor of social ecology at Yale University in the United States, studied sea fish and nine wildlife species, including whales, sharks, gray wolves, antelopes, sea otters, civets, elephants in the African forest and American bison. According to the survey, an additional 6.41 billion tons of carbon dioxide can be collected annually if the population is protected or restored. By Conserving wildlife will be the way to save the Earth because it can capture a lot of carbon dioxide if it is protected or restored. 
 Finally, wildlife can prevent rapid climate change. According to Professor Schmitz, wild animals play an important role in controlling the carbon cycle in ecosystems through a wide range of processes such as food collection and nutrient absorption. Take the round-eared elephants as an example. The round eared elephants eat low-carbon tree and their excretions help various seeds spread and high-carbon trees grow well. And they also play important role in maintaining the diversity of forests. In other words, through the actions mentioned above, round-eared elephants are diversifying ecosystems and organisms and they help the climate be controlled by absorbing environmental pollutants. In summary, Therefore, by saving wildlife, we can prevent rapid climate change. 

In conclusion, conservation of wildlife can capture natural carbon, and since the activities of wildlife themselves control the carbon cycle in the ecosystem, the ecosystem can be converted into a carbon source if wildlife is missing. Therefore, wildlife must be protected and saved in order to prevent the ecosystem from converting into a carbon source and accelerating global warming. 

Digital environmental pollution

Digital is quite Intimate in our lives. a little look around neighborhood discover digital. for example, a computer in a school, kiosk in a shop, A smartphone that I always carry around. And we know huge world being realize what to do. We can handily get knowledge, communication, feel joy for digital web site. However, real world be destructed therefore world in the digital world.  In the process of storing and transferring all of our Web activities into data, the data center generates 930,000 Gcal (where 1 Gcal is the amount of heat required to raise 10㎥ of pure water at 0℃ to 100℃ under standard atmospheric pressure) and requires the use of approximately 2.6 billion Kwh of electrical energy to rapidly cool the heat. In addition, carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases are generated in the process, causing the global temperature to rise. The web is not the only data problem. In order to use ai and ai that make our daily lives more convenient and smarter, we need to learn ai, and this process also requires a huge amount of data and power. Currently, the annual power consumption of 111 data centers in Korea is about 26 hundred million KWh. As the data problem became more and more serious, global IT companies were looking for ways to solve the problem. Global IT companie Google, Amazon, and Microsoft making efforts to reduce carbon emissions by developing specialized servers or moving equipment public infrastructure to reduce the power used in data centers. In particular, Microsoft is designing data centers to extend or reuse servers' lifespan as much possible by using EC3, which can manage carbon emission. All of the efforts are called 'Green IT'. In addition, in Korea, a green data center certification system was introduced by measuring various indicators data center cooling efficiency, power consumption reduction and energy efficiency, and carbon usage efficiency index. Most of the lead IT companie Samsung, KT, LG, POSCO have obtained eco-friendly data center certification, and Samsung SDS is a campaign to cover 100% of the electricity used by companies with renewable energy for global-level green data centers, which was launched in 2014 by the multinational non-profit organization "The Climate Group" in London, the U.K., and applies various technologies from solar power supply, solar power generation, geothermal cooling, heating systems, and fuel cell technology. Companies' efforts are important to address digital environmental pollution, but our efforts must also be missed. The efforts we can make in our daily lives are to first adjust the power of electronic devices computers and smartphones to power Display Power Management mode and lower the resolution and monitor brightness. Unnecessary carbon footprints can be reduced by switching the system power Display Power Management mode in this way. In addition, 20% of the energy used by the monitor can be reduced by lowering the monitor's brightness from 10% to 70%. Next is organizing and managing emails. Ahn Jong-joo, chairman of the Korea Safety and Health Agency, conducted a campaign to empty mailboxes for executives and employees. Ahn Jong-joo, chairman of the Korea Safety and Health Agency, said, "Empty mailboxes is a sustainable ESG practice plan that anyone can easily participate in in daily life," adding, "The corporation will continue to push for various ESG tasks involving all executives and employees." Simply organizing the stored mail can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide generated. By organizing mailboxes canceling subscriptions to newsletters that you don't read and blocking spam emails, you can reduce power loss for data maintenance. In general, deleting one unnecessary e-mail reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 14.9kg and reduces server usage capacity, saving electricity consumption. The corporation said it delete 750,000 internal and external e-mail through the campaign, and reduced carbon dioxide emissions by a total of 21.4 ton (21,352kg). Next step is to download videos instead of streaming them. Streaming accounts for significant portion of the Internet traffic. Downloading and watching frequently listened music and videos consumes less power than streaming. If companies, individuals, and furthermore, governments and the world join forces to prevent environmental pollution, I think we can protect both the digital and real worlds. So it would be good to live with small habits that are good one by one in your daily life.

What we can contribute to the aviation sector to pervent the acceleration of glover warming 

 We are closely related to the aviation sector and interact with each other in our daily lives. So let's learn about what we can contribute to the aviation sector to prevent global warming, which leads to the biggest problem due to environmental destruction. 

 First of all, when it comes to aviation, airplanes typically come to mind first, and airplanes, which are air transportation, consume a lot of aviation fuel and emit a lot of carbon. Another factor contributing to global warming is the consumption of resources. In order to minimize the disadvantages of airplane operation mentioned above, there is a way to convert an airplane into an eco-friendly airplane. If the plane is converted to an eco-friendly plane, it can reduce carbon emissions by up to 80 percent and reduce carbon emissions by more than 500 tons. Let's also find out a real-world example of the conversion of eco-friendly airplanes. Recently, Korean Air has accelerated its transition to eco-friendly airplanes and is attracting attention as an industry seeking to convert to clean fuels by introducing "Sustainable Aviation Oil (SAF)." Sustainable aviation oil here means aviation fuel produced through eco-friendly raw materials such as waste cooking oil, sugarcane, etc. However, using sustainable aviation oil is emerging as an alternative fuel as it can reduce carbon emissions by 80% compared to conventional aviation oil, but due to high manufacturing costs, problems arise due to controversy over economic feasibility. In order to further reduce carbon emissions while introducing the conversion of eco-friendly airplanes, Korean Air is also pushing to increase the proportion of new fuel-efficient planes and reduce the weight of some containers that use excessive fuel. 

 Next, there is a way to make recycling and recycling a part of daily life. Cabin crew will cover a variety of products and consumables used on airplanes. Therefore, recycling and recycling must be done thoroughly. This is because flight attendants can contribute to promoting recycling and minimizing environmental pollution by properly separating used paper, plastic, and metal. 

 Finally, information can be shared and various promotional activities can contribute to the prevention of global warming. Since flight attendants come into contact with many people and travel to various countries and regions, they can participate in activities to share and promote information related to global warming. This is because it is possible to use social influence to raise awareness of environmental protection and to inform various people of the seriousness of global warming. 

 If we practice and seek various measures to prevent the acceleration of global warming in the aviation field, which is closely related to real life and interacts, we will be able to live a better life for future generations and others. 

Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the rapidly developing technologies in modern society, allowing machines to perform intelligent tasks similar to humans. In addition, AI makes our lives more convenient while also leading innovation and development in various industries. Let’s find out what impact it has on the environment. 

AI technology is contributing to improving energy efficiency and resource management and protection. For example, systems such as smart grids help optimize energy networks to reduce energy consumption and increase the efficiency of production. In addition, AI has a beneficial impact on the environment by analyzing complex environmental data and optimizing resource management. 

On the other hand, AI systems consume a lot of power because they require large-scale data processing and high computing power, which increases carbon emissions. For example, the consumption of 1287 MWh of electricity used for GPT-3 training to develop Chat GPT resulted in the emission of 550 tons of carbon dioxide, which had a negative impact on the environment. In particular, the operation of data centers requires a large amount of power, which is one of the factors that puts a burden on the environment. For example, in 2020, Google's data centers used approximately 15.5 terawatt hours of electricity, most of which was used to operate the data centers. 

To solve this problem, Google's data center was able to reduce its carbon footprint by using renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power plants to supply most of the required power. Additionally, research is underway to develop more efficient AI models and algorithms to reduce the energy consumption of AI models. 

AI has both positive and negative environmental impacts. Therefore, we must continue efforts to protect the environment and achieve sustainable development by appropriately utilizing AI technology. 

2718최서희

친구의 글쓰기 초안 평가 학습지 사진찍어 업로드

<Only the packaging is eco-friendly?

Green washing>

Consumers' interest in the environment is increasing in line with recent climate change. This phenomenon is not limited to Korea. Among international companies, ESG (a combination of the first English letters of the ESG-environment, society, and governance structure) has emerged as a major environmental issue and has established itself as a management trend. Then, let's take a look at what is green wash, what are the problems, and what are the solutions.

What is green washing? It is an act of a company trying to profit economically by turning its products into something beneficial to the environment. In other-words, it is also called camouflage environmentalism. The reason for this fake eco-triendly green washing is first to attract attention to eco-friendly products.

This is because consumers' interest in eco-friendly products has improved, and people who only buy eco-friendly products are called 'green consumers' Consumer values are focused on eco-friendly to the extent that a new term appears. The second reason is to increase corporate economic profits. Interest in eco-friendly products is of great benefit to companies. This is because many consumers want to buy eco-friendly products even if they pay a little more according to their shanged values for the environment. The third reason is to revitalize ESG investment. When evaluating a company as a whole, the environment is considered an important factor. This is alse because the amount of investment varies depending en the ESG management evaluation. As both the goverment and consumers value eco-friendly management, companies also put forward green washing to revive it.

When companies apply greenwashing to their products, there are six main types.

Green lighting and green labeling are the most commen greenwashing. The first is green lighting. Green lighting exaggerates and emphasizes eco-friendly features that are only a small part of a product. For example, an oil company has pushed for the introduction of carbon-neutral crude oil. How can oil that is nothing more than a fossil fuel lead to carbon neutrality? The second type is

"green labeling'. Terms like eco or 'green' that are attached to advertisements like fashion are either unfounded or completely different from the truth. An example is the 'eca bag' made from synthetic fibers that do not rot for hundreds of years. Although disposable vinyl or eco-bags made from synthetic fibers that do not rot are the same, the word 'eco' is used as if they contribute to environmental protection. Take a look at the greenwashing that has become popular recently. There are green crowding, a collective action of companies, green hushing that periodically changes the deadline for ESG management targets, green hushing that intentionally reduces and reports en eco-friendly performance, and green shifting that blame for climate change to consumers* fault.

What problems does this greenwashing have from the perspective of consumers?

The first is 'company's consumer deception, which san be said to be the biggest problem with greenwashing. Greenwashing is used to evoke the image of a company by making consumers misunderstand. Consumers who are not familiar with this can purchase products only by looking at shout phrases such as ece-friendly or eco-friendly. The second problem is 'passing the responsibility to the consumer'. Companies can maliciously blame eco-friendly products with the attitude that they have been forced to produce eco-friendly products that consumers want. The last problem is to decrease the will to protect the environment'. If the eco-friendly products that consumers believed and purchased are only fake eco-friendly, there is concern that consumers' willingness to protect the environment and practice them may be lowered

Various methods have been proposed to solve greenwashing. First, strong regulation and sanctions. The risk of greenwashing is increased through strong sanctions such as imposing fines or commercial sanctions on companies that do greenwashing. Second, introduce a certification and labeling system. By introducing a system for certifying and labeling environmentally friendly products or services by third-party organizations, it is to help consumers distinguish between greenwashing products and true eco-friendly products. Finally, active participation of consumers. Consumers act to avoid greenwashing products and prefer true eco-friendly products. This wil reduce the demand for greenwashing products in the market. These methods can solve or reduce the greenwashing problem.

However, this requires the cooperation of the government, businesses: consumers, and various stakeholders. We should all be careful not to be deceived by greenwashing and use real eco-friendly products.

1. 블랙스네이크를 송유관에 비유하여 실화를 바탕으로 쓴 이야기라는 점이 정말 놀라웠다.

2. 플라스틱으로 많은 동물들이 고통받는 것은 알고 있었으나 생각보다 더 심각해서 놀랐다

3. 생선을 안 먹는것이 환경에 도움이 된다는 점이 정말 놀라웠다.

장점: 효율성이 증가해 시간을 단축시킨다. 인간이 생각하지 못하는 것까지 끌어낼수있다

단점: 인간이 ai만 믿고 노력을 하지 않을 수 있다.

잘못된 정보를 진짜처럼 받아들일 수 있다.

주의할 점 : 너무 ai에 의존하지 않고 참고로만 ai를 이용한다

느낀 점 : 내가 쓴 문장이 원어민이 본다면 어색하게 느껴지는 점들이 어디서 느껴지는 지 알게되었고 쓸데없이 길게 쓴걸 ai가 간결하게 정리해주는걸 보니 경이로웠다. 또한 여러 문법적 요소가 잘못된 걸 보니 번역기에도 너무 의존하면 안될거 같단 생각이 들었다

MS 몰입형리더-읽기 보고서 화면을 다음과 같이 사진찍어 올리세요!

MS 몰입형리더-읽기 보고서 화면을 다음과 같이 사진찍어 올리세요!

MS 몰입형리더-읽기 보고서 화면을 다음과 같이 사진찍어 올리세요!

How much is the environment destroyed when making clothes?

Do you know how much environmental damage is caused when making clothes?First of all, the amount of waste from old clothes and textiles is increasing every year. The reason is due to fast fashion, which continues to change trends and is driven by simple changes of mind. This results in an increase in waste from old clothes and textiles. Additionally, this is not a good situation for Korea and the countries that import secondhand clothing. In Korea, as the amount of used clothes increases due to fast fashion, if 40 tons are collected from only one of the 100 branches that collect used clothes, 95% of them will be exported to 10 countries, including India, Cambodia, and the Philippines. However, even in these 10 countries, there are not many clothes that are wearable, so clothing trash piles up in their countries. There is a documentary video that deals with this issue in detail. It's a video called "There's No Earth for Clothes," and it contains details.

The environmental impact of clothing production is evident in several aspects. Firstly, a significant amount of water and pigments is used in the dyeing process of clothes. This results in water pollution and the excessive production of fiber chemicals and synthetic fibers. The reason for such extensive production is closely linked to brand values. Brands often sell clothes at premium prices to uphold their brand image and values. Clothes that do not sell at high prices end up as residual products, and seasonal items are disposed of more quickly. Consequently, a large portion of discarded clothing or shoes, accounting for 70 percent of the remaining 60 million tons of production, is disposed of in landfills

The production process of mink fur involves several environmental concerns. High-value fur is obtained by skinning minks, a practice known for its brutality and ethical controversy. Each mink yields approximately 80 to 200 fur pelts, resulting in the sacrifice of a significant number of animals. Minks can be categorized as wild minks or farmed minks, including improved breeds. The breeding of improved minks, aimed at enhancing fur quality, involves artificial methods that discharge pollutants, consume substantial energy, and require chemical processing of the pelts. Furthermore, there is a significant risk associated with the escape of improved minks into the wild, potentially disrupting and even destroying existing ecosystems.Overall, the production of mink fur raises ethical and environmental concerns due to its impact on animal welfare, energy consumption, pollution, and the potential ecological damage caused by escaped farmed minks.

"In order to produce numerous and high-quality clothing items, the environment is being destroyed. As a result, water, soil, and animals are being sacrificed, and many countries are suffering. Therefore, I hope people carefully consider when buying clothes and also contemplate before discarding them. Furthermore, I wish brands would prioritize environmental preservation over their profit margins."

The Way to Protect the Environment: Environmental Campaigns

The ecological environment offers us fresh air, clean water, green woods, and plants, which directly influence our quality of life and health. However, the ecological environment is seriously threatened by human actions. Damage to the ecological environment is directly connected to our lives. So, what can we do to protect the environment for ourselves and the Earth?

The way to protect the environment is through environmental campaigns. But what types of protection campaigns exist, and how can we implement them?

Firstly, governments can undertake various activities such as promoting recycling, supporting forest protection initiatives, and enacting environmental protection legislation. For example, Germany's "Climate Protection Plan 2050" aims for a 55% carbon emission reduction by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2050. The "Federal Climate Protection Act" of 2019 supports these goals with socially just and cost-effective measures, achieving a 41% reduction in emissions by 2020 compared to 1990 levels.

Next, there are campaigns that companies can initiate. These include promoting eco-friendly products, reducing plastic use, and releasing environmental performance reports. For example, Lotte's "Re:think" campaign encourages environmentally responsible practices in its 30 hotels worldwide. Through initiatives like using paper straws, packaging, and biodegradable utensils, Lotte emphasizes sustainable practices. Additionally, Lotte extends its efforts to its 7-Eleven convenience stores, utilizing recyclable packaging, eco-labels, water-soluble adhesives, and recyclable bottles.

Lastly, there are campaigns that individuals can participate in. These include reducing plastic and water usage, and joining environmental protection groups. Although these actions may seem minor, if practiced diligently, they can significantly impact environmental protection.

Both governments and companies play a significant role in campaigning for environmental protection, but individual actions are equally crucial. Helen Keller once said, “Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much.” It may seem like a small effort when done alone, but collective action can lead to significant changes. Let's all work together on environmental campaigns.

파일 말고 원문 자체를 ctrl +C , ctril+V 해서 올리기

The destruction of forests, the Earth's lungs, is closely related to climate change.  

Many companies facing timber issues are gradually being exposed. Human activities such as agriculture, logging, and mining development reduce forest space, resulting in severe climate change. The risks of forest fires and drought increase, and forest loss causes torrential rain and landslides, resulting in damage to many people.  

Forests are vital for combating climate change. Recent research from MIT shows a surprising connection between deforestation and mercury emissions. Around 10% of yearly mercury emissions come from global deforestation. Additionally, forests play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide, regulating water systems, and removing pollutants from the air.

Forest conservation efforts face significant challenges. P&G's U.S. headquarters recently withdrew from its Forest Protection Agreement, a troubling step backward. This, along with eco-friendly marketing tactics masking climate risks to consumers, is alarming. The World Wide Fund for Nature's report highlights slow progress toward the 2030 agreement, particularly in the tropics, where rainforest destruction surpasses goals. Detailed implementation and responsibilities since the 2021 goal remain unfulfilled.

Efforts to preserve forests are yielding results, with a significant decrease in deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon attributed to President Luiz's protection policy. Additionally, initiatives like the "Restoration Forest" event organized by Du Namu in collaboration with Korean agencies are engaging citizens in environmental protection, planting trees both virtually and in areas affected by forest fires.

Forests are essential for mitigating climate change by absorbing pollutants in the air and controlling water circulation. Therefore, forests must be preserved as their reduction can lead to problems such as droughts and forest fires.

<Polluted Environment and People>

The elements crucial to our survival – the water we drink and cleanse with, the air we breathe, and the soil that supports life – constitute our environment. Yet, these essentials are continuously affected by pollution, impacting various life forms and ecosystems. In light of the profound impact of environmental pollution on human health, I will elucidate three reasons why preserving a clean environment is imperative. 

Firstly, water pollution can decimate ecosystems and facilitate the spread of infectious diseases among humans.

For instance, a chemical plant spill in Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, in July 2023 led to mass fish fatalities in Anseong Stream. Similarly, sewage inflow from a Seoul apartment complex in September 2023 deteriorated water quality in the stream. Water pollution not only disrupts ecosystems and diminishes biodiversity but also serves as a vector for transmitting infectious diseases to humans. Cholera, historically transmitted through contaminated water, caused widespread fatalities in the 17th century, with dehydration-induced death being a grim consequence. Given its threat to both wildlife and human life, safeguarding water quality is paramount. 

Secondly, air pollution shortens human lifespans and induces illness 

Primarily stemming from vehicle emissions and industrial activities, air pollution accelerates mortality rates and deteriorates public health. The infamous Great Smog of 1952 in the United Kingdom, fueled by industrial fumes mixing with fog, resulted in thousands of deaths and increased respiratory ailments. Vulnerable populations, such as infants and the elderly, are disproportionately affected. To mitigate these effects, promoting public transportation and minimizing waste generation are vital measures. 

Thirdly, soil pollution poses health risks by contaminating food sources and potentially causing diseases. 

While the immediate impacts of water and air contamination are evident, soil pollution can silently harbor health hazards. The Love Canal tragedy of the 1970s, where chemical wastes were buried, led to the emergence of neurological disorders and skin diseases among residents. Exposure to toxic chemicals like pesticides and heavy metals heightens the risk of conditions such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Regular soil testing and proper waste disposal are essential to prevent soil contamination and protect human health. 

As a result, environmental pollution not only affects life, but also causes various diseases and diseases in people, and many people are still dying from various environmental pollution. Accordingly, we need to study prevention and treatment for diseases that can be caused by the environment in which we live. 

Why Disposed Medicines Should Be Safely Disposed 

With the advancement of technology, the importance of human health has been emphasized and great progress has been made, especially in the field of medicine. 

However, as technology is emphasized, environmental pollution is getting serious by discarded medicines. Therefore, I will now explain to you why you need to safely dispose of waste medicine. 

First, overuse of antibiotic ingredients increases the likelihood of contracting superbugs. If undecomposed pharmaceutical ingredients are buried in the ground or flow into rivers through sewers, they contaminate soil and water. And if it is not properly purified, medicinal ingredients can enter our bodies through water. For example, if the drug contains antibiotic ingredients, overuse of the antibiotic ingredient will eventually result in infection with super bacteria, and the infected person may cause serious problems if antibiotics must be used because antibiotics do not work in the body. In summary, we have to be careful because infection with super bacteria due to incorrectly abandoned medicine can cause serious harm to human health. 

The second reason is that if waste medicines are not disposed of safely, ecosystem disturbance may occur. Most of the components of discarded medicines are not easily deteriorated during the manufacturing process, so they do not decompose easily in nature. Ecosystem disturbance occurs due to undecomposed drug ingredients, an example is acetaminophen . Acetaminophen can cause liver damage, and research shown that acetaminophen detected in domestic rivers damaged the liver of minnows. Even if the population of one species decreases in the ecosystem, the serious impact affect on both the food chain, and the damage will be borne by humans. In conclusion, humans and the environment have a symbiotic relationship, and protecting the environment is the same as protecting humans, so discarded medicines have to be safely disposed to protect both the environment and humans. 

Lastly, when we dispose discarded medicines safely, the benefits are significant. One way to safely dispose of used medicines is abandoning  in the ‘medicines mailbox’. Waste medicines collected from ‘medicines mailbox’ are safely incinerated or recycled by specialized companies. For example, the heat generated during incineration is used as electricity in power plants. Meanwhile, in Korea, 42 out of 201 facilities recover residual heat from incinerators and combined heat and power generation to use for district heating (77%) and electricity production (23%). Therefore, we must use this technology to find ways to utilize waste as energy as much as possible, beyond simply disposing of it. 

If we innovatively develop technology and at the same time truly care about the environment, we can achieve perfect harmony between humans and the environment. Therefore, we must use advanced medicines in the pharmaceutical field as much as possible and safely dispose of waste medicines to create a safe and healthy environment on Earth. 

<Dangers of Marine Waste> 

 Have you ever paid attention to marine waste? According to the Marine Environment Information Portal, marine waste increases from 31,817 EA (unit of number) to 182,374 EA and 78,476 EA from 2018 to 2023, and then decreases. I don’t think you can understand how serious the marine waste problem is by presenting only numbers like this. If a lot of marine waste is generated, the problem may worsen because the scope and target of the impact of this waste expands. Waste must be collected early before this problem worsens, but due to the nature of the ocean, it is difficult to locate marine waste, which accelerates the severity of marine waste. So is there no way to dispose of marine waste? Now, I will share the findings of my research on marine waste. 

 First, let's learn about marine waste. Marine waste refers to waste that is introduced, dumped, or abandoned in the ocean or beaches in accordance with Article 2 (Definition) of the Marine Waste and Marine Pollution Sediment Management Act. 

 The first cause of such marine waste is that street waste, damaged structures, and piles of abandoned waste generated on land enter the sea through streams and rivers during torrential rains, heavy rains, and floods. Small and light items are often blown by the wind or enter the sea through drainage ditches, even during light rain. It also occurs due to the neglect or unauthorized dumping of waste by tourists entering the beach or residents living along the coast, as well as fishing nets, fishing rods, etc. that are unknowingly discarded from fishing and fishing activities. 

 So what kind of damage does marine waste, caused by these factors, inflict on us? First of all, one-tenth of shipping accidents are due to marine wastes. If ropes, fishing nets, and so on. abandoned in the sea become entangled in the ship's propulsion engine, or if a plastic bag is sucked into the ship's pipes, problems will occur in the operation of the engine, making navigation impossible, and an accident may occur. Second, this reduces fishing productivity. This is because there are cases where not only the catch but also trash is caught in the fishing net, so more work is needed in the process of picking out the waste one by one. Thirdly, the population of sea creatures will decrease. If a fishing line, rope, or net gets caught in the neck, legs, beak, or wings of a sea animal, it will be unable to avoid enemies or catch prey, greatly hindering its survival. If the population of marine life decreases due to human intervention, it can cause an imbalance in the food chain and cause long-term ecological damage. This damage can cause great damage because it not only affects the ocean, but also organically affects humans. Marine waste has also created a problem called ghost fishing. Ghost fishing refers to the death of unintended creatures caught in abandoned fishing nets or traps. It is known that 1 million sea birds and 100,000 marine mammals such as whales, seals, and manatees that need protection die every year from marine waste. Destroys habitats of various species. There are cases where waste accumulates on the coast or in shallow waters, completely covering the habitat of living things. The creatures that are covered in the nets are left in a situation where the sea bottom rots due to marine waste and becomes uninhabitable. 

 Now, let's find out how the country is responding to the problems caused by marine waste and what countermeasures individuals can implement. First, the country is carrying out cooperation projects between local governments and the central government by signing a ‘River and Estuary Waste Management Agreement’ in all five major river basins. We also operate a waste buoy recovery system to ensure that Styrofoam buoys for aquaculture are recycled instead of being discarded. Garbage that has already entered the ocean is collected and processed to minimize further damage. Also, measures individuals can take include not littering on the beach without permission, taking trash home with them when leaving, and not discarding fishing rods or nets in streams or rivers while fishing 

 So far, we have learned about what marine waste is and how much damage it is currently causing to us. If we pay attention to marine waste, recognize its seriousness, and make efforts to prevent the problem from getting worse, we will be able to prevent further damage in the future. 

AI Solved Environmental Problems

Do you know the seriousness of the current environmental problems? The world has produced more than 2 million tons of plastic every year since 1950. Annual production increased to 419 million tons by 2015, exacerbating plastic waste pollution. It’s hard to find a place where plastic isn’t used right now. The produced plastics are recycled around 9% of the world. The amount of plastic waste which is dumped into the marine environment reaches 11 million tons each year. This is causing about 14 million tons of plastic to flow into the ocean, harming wildlife habitats and the animals living in them. AI has been instrumental in addressing these environmental problems. AI technology was applied to promote national recycling. AI is also used as a means of encouraging recycling to mitigate environmental pollution in everyday life. A circular resource recovery robot released by Supervin, exemplified by Nefron, is a case in point. Nefron is an AI robot that saves 10 won per bottle if you separate the plastic bottle and the can and throw it away. It identifies the type of resource placed into the accumulated learning data by recognizing pet bottles and cans, learning their appearance through Neurogency, an internal vision AI technology. It’s the same way that people see resources with their eyes and divide them based on their existing knowledge. We collected images of cans and pet bottles and compiled them into a big data set. As a result, even if the appearance or barcode is damaged, the types can be distinguished. If you throw away anything other than plastic bottles and cans, it will not be recognized. AI solves not only environmental problems but also many problems. Here are three ways energy management takes shape. The first is to optimize energy use. Businesses collect large amounts of data that can be used to maximize efficiency. While turning that data into insights can be difficult, AI can assist with it. Specifically, AI accurately tracks and predicts consumption trends, identifies areas requiring change, and fine-tunes the system to ensure optimal efficiency. The second is the diversification of energy sources. AI can also assist businesses in introducing renewable energy sources and controlling their carbon footprint.  By analyzing the direction and intensity of sunlight, it is possible to efficiently harness solar energy and operate wind power plants by considering wind speed and direction. Finally, it’s about smarter energy purchasing. You can research complex market trends and analyze data to improve planning. It can manage energy consumption and reduce risks in unstable energy markets. In this way, AI, like environmental problems, helps our lives and gives us better convenience. However, we also need personal efforts to solve environmental problems

2721 탁예은

Protecting the Environment through AI Technology 

 What comes to your mind if you think of AI? Some of you will think of “Chat GPT,” a conversation-based AI chatbot or “AlphaGo,” an AI go program which beat human go game masters. Nowadays, AI technologies are applied to protecting the environment while saving endangered species, sorting out thrown trash, and washing used plastic cups and bottles.  

 First, AI technology is being used to save endangered species. As global warming has become severe, glaciers and ice sheets are melting rapidly. So, animals such as polar bears, whales, and seals, which are living in the Arctic, are losing their habitats.  The endangered species living in the Arctic are difficult to track because they live in the remote places and they are moving quickly. To solve the problem, AI technology tracks targeted animals with image deep learning. It can even figure out the change of the populations which are living under the water through a sonar, a device used for finding things that are underwater by using sound wave. Dr. Erin Moreland of the Alesska Hydroxyl Center said it took a year to find from 7,000 to 9,000 animals in a million images with visual and infrared cameras, but AI was able to drastically reduce the time. 

 Second, AI technologies are playing important roles in sorting out thrown trash and increasing the rate of recycling. When we humans sort out trash, it is easy to miss out much trash. Missed trash will have to get buried or burnt. In order to solve the problem, a start-up company named Aetech(에이트테크) developed an AI based trash sorting machine called Atron. This machine has replaced the work of human beings. Atron recognizes trash through AI image scanning technology and sorts out trash with an AI robot. After using the AI machine, the speed of trash sorting increased 240 percent and the cost of trash sorting decreased 279 percent. 

 Third, AI technologies are being used to wash used plastic cups and bottles. When we recycle plastic cups and bottles, if the cups and bottles have much dirty substances, it is difficult to recycle them. To solve the problem, Inobus, a social venture company developed a eco-friendly plastic bottle sorting and washing machine called 쓰샘. If a user empties plastic bottles and puts them into the machine, the machine washes the plastic bottles. Thanks to the innovative AI technology of 쓰샘, the machines have been placed in many public places and buildings and increased the recycling rate of plastic cups and bottles.  

 In conclusion, AI technology is playing a revolutionary role in the field of environmental protection. These technologies are helping to protect the global environment by protecting animals from extinction and improving waste disposal and recycling. Furthermore, advances in AI technology are expected to help solve more environmental problems in the future. These innovations will serve as important tools as we work to create a healthier, more sustainable planet. 

Environmental Destruction Increases Zoonotic Disease 

Until last year, the number of confirmed cases of the new coronavirus increased as it spread from China to the rest of the world. Surprisingly, many scientists and experts have linked the spread of new viruses, including COVID-19, to climate change. 

The destruction of wildlife habitats due to climate change increases the spread of zoonotic diseases. For instance, in 1999, Malaysia experienced an outbreak of the Nipah virus, which killed more than 100 people. When El Niño-induced wildfires and droughts forced fruit bats—known hosts of the Nipah virus—out of their habitats, they traveled around pig farms in search of food, infecting pigs and subsequently transmitting the virus to humans. Other examples of zoonotic diseases caused by wildlife include HIV, avian influenza, swine flu, SARS, and Ebola. 

Frequent contact with wildlife due to environmental destruction increases the likelihood of contracting new viruses. This occurs because the boundaries between humans and animals become blurred as habitats are destroyed. 

Climate change can also create environments conducive to infectious diseases. For example, mosquitoes and other insects that carry zoonotic diseases thrive in hot climates. Global warming has expanded mosquito habitats and provided optimal breeding conditions. Microbiologist Justin Worland noted, "Surviving cases in high-temperature environments spread the virus more easily because the virus adapts to a person's body temperature." This has led to the global spread of diseases such as West Nile and Zika. 

Protecting the Earth is essential for our health. Therefore, practicing environmental protection is crucial to safeguard our well-being. Efforts to protect the environment are diverse. Individual measures include conserving water and setting indoor heaters and air conditioners to appropriate temperatures. Social and national efforts may involve imposing carbon taxes. 

In conclusion, protecting the environment is the best way to safeguard our health. By doing so, we greatly reduce our chances of falling ill and coming into contact with zoonotic diseases. Let us work together to protect the environment. 

The effects of air pollution on humans 

2715 Jeong Seo Jeong 

Industrial development has made human life a more comfortable and prosperous society, but since technological civilization, leading to a growth in the proportion of secondary industries, Many harmful substances and waste have been discharged indiscriminately. polluting the environment. Here, we will look at how air pollution harms us humans, and we will find out and review the damage measures.  

The causes of air pollution are mainly caused by industrial activities, transportation, and the emission of pollutants from the combustion of fossil fuels, and are composed of various harmful substances. Representatively, it contains pollutants such as particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide. The primary impact of air pollution is the "destruction of the ozone layer." The ozone layer in the stratosphere protects against ultraviolet rays that damage humans. However, when pollutants produced by human industrial activities become polluted in the atmosphere, the ozone layer is destroyed and UV rays cannot be prevented. When the ozone layer is depleted, allowing UV rays to penetrate. The second is "damage from acid rain." It is not only caused by air pollution in our country but also in the atmosphere of neighboring countries, which causes nitrogen dioxide or sulfur dioxide gas to become sulfuric acid and fall to the ground with rain. Acid rain falls over a large area, which can devastate lakes and rivers, killing fish and sea creatures. In addition, land hit by a lot of acid rain can destroy the entire ecosystem by acidifying the soil and preventing plants from growing, reducing the harvest of crops and killing earthworms and microorganisms in the soil. 

The first countermeasure against air pollution is a "political response." To curb the use of unnecessary energy, tax policies such as environmental taxes are devised, and the second, "corporate response." Companies devise ways to use less fossil energy in the production process and develop products accordingly. So far, we have looked at the specific meaning of air pollution, damage cases, and countermeasures. The environment is something we always have to rely on. We have been and will continue to be helped by the environment. However, it is impossible for us to destroy this environment. We must protect the environment for ourselves and for future generations. We need to protect the environment for ourselves and future generations. 

<Title: Unveiling the Truth Behind Greenwashing>

As global concern for the environment escalates amidst the backdrop of climate change, the concept of ESG (environment, society, and governance) has gained prominence, particularly among international corporations. However, amid this growing environmental consciousness, a deceptive practice known as greenwashing has emerged, casting a shadow over genuine eco-friendly initiatives. Let's delve into what greenwashing entails, its detrimental effects, and potential remedies.

Greenwashing is the deceptive tactic employed by companies to capitalize on environmental concerns by portraying their products as environmentally beneficial, often termed as "camouflage environmentalism." This tactic serves to attract attention to eco-friendly products, capitalize on consumer interest, and bolster corporate profits. However, greenwashing poses several problems from the consumer's perspective.

Firstly, it deceives consumers, leading them to believe in false eco-friendly claims. By leveraging terms like "eco-friendly" or "green," companies mislead consumers into purchasing products without fully understanding their environmental impact. Secondly, greenwashing shifts responsibility onto consumers, deflecting accountability from corporations for their environmental practices. Lastly, it diminishes consumers' willingness to protect the environment, eroding trust and disillusioning individuals who earnestly seek to make environmentally conscious choices.

To address the scourge of greenwashing, several solutions have been proposed. Firstly, implementing stringent regulations and sanctions can deter companies from engaging in deceptive practices, imposing fines or commercial penalties for greenwashing offenses. Secondly, establishing a certification and labeling system by third-party organizations can help consumers differentiate between genuine eco-friendly products and greenwashed alternatives. Lastly, active consumer participation is crucial, as informed consumer choices can drive demand for authentic eco-friendly products while reducing the market appeal of greenwashed goods.

However, combatting greenwashing necessitates concerted efforts from governments, businesses, consumers, and various stakeholders. It requires vigilance and discernment to avoid falling prey to deceptive marketing tactics and prioritize the adoption of genuinely eco-friendly products. By collectively rejecting greenwashing and embracing authentic environmental stewardship, we can foster a more sustainable future for generations to come.

The Importance of Environmental Education 

As environmental problems continue to grow these days, the need for environmental education becomes increasingly vital. Consequently, many countries have made environmental education mandatory. But why is it so crucial? 

Firstly, environmental education encourages a sustainable lifestyle. Through this education, we reflect on our choices and learn to use resources efficiently. This reflection helps us devise strategies to minimize our environmental impact. For instance, the Bucheon Office of Education actively promotes this by publishing comprehensive environmental education programs and textbooks. Such initiatives help us understand how to live in harmony with our planet. 

Secondly, environmental education boosts awareness of environmental issues. It equips us with the knowledge to wisely manage Earth's resources, comprehend environmental challenges, and recognize our responsibilities in environmental conservation. This knowledge not only raises awareness but also spurs practical action. For example, Finland has introduced environmental education for seven-year-olds to instill a sense of responsibility towards the environment from an early age. 

Thirdly, environmental education nurtures creative and innovative thinking, enhancing problem-solving skills. Given the complexity of environmental issues, this kind of education proves invaluable. A study by Professor Kim Bum-soo of Konkuk University reveals that environmental education increases children's sensitivity by 57.4% and boosts their social skills. 

To sum up, environmental education is indispensable in shaping a sustainable future. It guides us towards eco-friendly lifestyles and plays a pivotal role in our overall education. 

Indeed, the world is experiencing abnormal weather due to environmental pollution. In particular, global warming is attributed to greenhouse gases, and fossil fuels like oil directly impact human health and the environment through particulate matter emissions. For example, global warming refers to the annual increase in the Earth's surface temperature caused by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion, pollutants like CFCs and ozone, methane gas, and the destruction of plant habitats from acid rain. Consequently, ecosystems are being destroyed, desertification of continents is rapidly progressing, sea levels are rising, and abnormal climate phenomena are rapidly increasing. Air pollutants can lead to respiratory diseases and cardiovascular conditions.  Exposure to asbestos dust increases the risk of cancer and weakens the body's immune system. Additionally, amid global concerns about the new coronavirus (COVID-19), the number of confirmed cases is rising in Korea. Interestingly, as many scientists and experts have pointed out, there is a relationship between the spread of new viruses and climate change. Climate change can lead to infectious diseases, for instance, and vector-borne viruses can spread. The distribution and activity patterns of organisms acting as vectors may change when temperature increases and humidity changes due to climate change. If vectors like mosquitoes and ticks transmit the virus, the probability of its spread increases as their distribution expands. For example, fever and Zika virus are spread through mosquitoes, and changes in the distribution of mosquitoes caused by climate change can increase the risk of such a virus epidemic. In the modern industrial society, the demand for various resources has increased rapidly due to the increase of population, concentration, industrial development, and the resulting increase in consumption. As a result, enormous amounts of soot, sewage, and waste are discharged, and as this expands to a large area, pollution becomes increasingly serious. Among them, water pollution is generally caused by contamination of water bodies by chemicals or microorganisms. Therefore, pollution can also affect human health, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Water is one of the most essential factors for human survival. Managing the water quality and hygiene of drinking water is very important for maintaining human life and health. Various sources contribute to water pollution, including sewage, wastewater, groundwater, and contamination of drinking water. Harmful substances released by various industries and human activities, such as manufacturing, mining, agriculture, and residential areas, can contaminate sewage, wastewater, groundwater, and soil, leading to pollution.  Mercury poisoning is an example of the impact of water pollution on health conditions. While mercury is toxic to the human body, metallic water temperatures, which are a water quality issue, are absorbed through the digestive system, leading to symptoms such as neurological weakness, numbness, speech impairment, walking and hearing difficulties, and central visual acuity issues. Water pollution has significant health impacts in Africa, where it does not rain for seven months a year. Consequently, water cannot be efficiently stored during the rainy season, rendering water and sewage systems vulnerable and leading to chronic water shortages. Every year, an average of 3,500 Malawian children suffer from poor health due to water pollution. Moreover, a woman in southeastern Africa walks back and forth, drinking water from muddy puddles for 20 to 30 minutes. 

< Strategies to address digital environmental pollution >

 Digital technology is deeply integrated into our lives. With just a brief glance around, we can easily spot digital elements - whether it's the computers in schools, kiosks in shops, or the smartphones we carry everywhere. And within this digital realm lies a vast world of possibilities. Through digital websites, we can conveniently access knowledge, communicate, and find joy. However, this digital world can also potentially harm our real world. In the process of storing and transferring our web activities into data, data centers generate a significant amount of heat, requiring approximately 2.6 billion KWh of electrical energy for rapid cooling. Additionally, this process emits carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases, contributing to global temperature rise. The issue extends beyond the web; even technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), which enhance our daily lives, demand substantial amounts of data and power. For instance, the annual power consumption of 111 data centers in Korea alone amounts to about 26 billion KWh. As the severity of the data issue grows, global IT companies are actively seeking solutions. Companies like Google, Amazon, and Microsoft are working to reduce carbon emissions by developing specialized servers and exploring public infrastructure options to minimize data center power usage. Microsoft, in particular, is designing data centers with the aim of extending server lifespan and minimizing carbon emissions using technologies like EC3. These efforts collectively fall under the umbrella term 'Green IT.' Furthermore, in Korea, the introduction of a green data center certification system measures various indicators such as cooling efficiency, power consumption reduction, and carbon usage efficiency. Major IT companies like Samsung, KT, LG, and POSCO have obtained eco-friendly data center certifications. Additionally, Samsung SDS has committed to covering 100% of electricity usage with renewable energy for global-scale green data centers. While corporate efforts are crucial, individual efforts must not be overlooked. In our daily lives, we can adjust the power settings of electronic devices like computers and smartphones to utilize power-saving modes and reduce monitor brightness and resolution. Organizing and managing emails is another simple yet effective step. By participating in campaigns like the mailbox cleanup initiative conducted by the Korea Safety and Health Agency, we can reduce carbon dioxide emissions and power loss for data maintenance. Moreover, choosing to download videos instead of streaming can contribute to energy conservation, as streaming accounts for a significant portion of internet traffic. By collectively addressing digital environmental pollution through concerted efforts from companies, individuals, governments, and the world at large, we can protect both the digital and real worlds. Therefore, it's beneficial to cultivate small, positive habits in our daily lives. 

<Dangers of Marine Waste> 

 Have you ever paid attention to marine waste? According to the Marine Environment Information Portal, marine waste increases from 31,817 EA (unit of number) to 182,374 EA and 78,476 EA from 2018 to 2023, and then decreases. I don’t think you can understand how serious the marine waste problem is by presenting only numbers like this. If a lot of marine waste is generated, the problem may worsen because the scope and target of the impact of this waste expands. Waste must be collected early before this problem worsens, but due to the nature of the ocean, it is difficult to locate marine waste, which accelerates the severity of marine waste. So is there no way to dispose of marine waste? Now, I will share the findings of my research on marine waste. 

 First, let's learn about marine waste. Marine waste refers to waste that is introduced, dumped, or abandoned in the ocean or beaches in accordance with Article 2 (Definition) of the Marine Waste and Marine Pollution Sediment Management Act. 

 The first cause of such marine waste is that street waste, damaged structures, and piles of abandoned waste generated on land enter the sea through streams and rivers during torrential rains, heavy rains, and floods. Small and light items are often blown by the wind or enter the sea through drainage ditches, even during light rain. It is also caused by nets and fishing rods thrown away by fishing workers. 

 So what kind of damage does marine waste, caused by these factors, inflict on us? First of all, one-tenth of shipping accidents are due to marine wastes. If ropes, fishing nets, and so on. abandoned in the sea become entangled in the ship's propulsion engine, or if a plastic bag is sucked into the ship's pipes, problems will occur in the operation of the engine, making navigation impossible, and an accident may occur. Second, this reduces fishing productivity. This is because there are cases where not only the catch but also trash is caught in the fishing net, so more work is needed in the process of picking out the waste one by one. Thirdly, the population of sea creatures will decrease. If a fishing line, rope, or net gets caught in the neck, legs, beak, or wings of a sea animal, it will be unable to avoid enemies or catch prey, greatly hindering its survival. If the population of marine life decreases due to human intervention, it can cause an imbalance in the food chain and cause long-term ecological damage. This damage can cause great damage because it not only affects the ocean, but also organically affects humans. 

 Now, let's find out how the country is responding to the problems caused by marine waste and what countermeasures individuals can implement. First, the country is carrying out cooperation projects between local governments and the central government by signing a ‘River and Estuary Waste Management Agreement’ in all five major river basins. We also operate a waste buoy recovery system to ensure that Styrofoam buoys for aquaculture are recycled instead of being discarded. Garbage that has already entered the ocean is collected and processed to minimize further damage. Also, measures individuals can take include not littering on the beach without permission, taking trash home with them when leaving, and not discarding fishing rods or nets in streams or rivers while fishing 

 So far, we have learned about what marine waste is and how much damage it is currently causing to us. If we pay attention to marine waste, recognize its seriousness, and make efforts to prevent the problem from getting worse, we will be able to prevent further damage in the future. 

Because of lead, the cause of the fall of the Roman Empire?

The decline of the Roman Empire has been attributed to several theories, but in recent years, it's widely believed that lead poisoning played a significant role.

Initially, the Romans extensively used lead for various purposes, including currency, tableware, utensils, and cookware. Excavations revealed that the remains of Romans contained about 80 times more lead than the average population.

Additionally, lead was utilized in constructing water pipes, leading to water pollution in many cities. Indeed, upon analyzing the lead concentration in the waterways that once served as the heart of the Roman Empire, it was discovered that the lead levels were up to 100 times higher than in surrounding areas.

Additionally, the sweetener "sapa," produced by boiling grapes in lead-coated pots, was commonly added to their food and wine, further contributing to the decline of the Roman Empire.

This widespread lead poisoning resulted in various health problems, decreased fertility rates, and increased mortality, particularly among aristocrats, ultimately weakening the internal structure of the Roman Empire. This decline was compounded by economic stagnation and external threats.

Saving wildlife helps protect the Earth. 

 From now on, an increase of 2 degrees Celsius in global temperature can cause many problems such as extreme climate, ecosystem destruction, and ocean acidification. To prevent this, we must limit global temperature rise. How can we prevent global temperature rise? The main cause of global warming is greenhouse gases. We should try to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. How can we prevent global temperature rise by 2 degrees Celsius? According to Dr. Schmitz from Yale University in the United States, saving wildlife is a way to protect the Earth. Now, I will explain three key reasons why we need to protect wildlife. 

 One big reason is that when a particular animal species goes extinct, the ecosystem can become a carbon source. According to Professor Schmitz, when a particular species goes extinct in a forest, the trees that absorbed carbon dioxide disappear and new organisms that release carbon may emerge, altering the ecosystem and accelerating global warming. In summary, we must protect wildlife and prevent the ecosystem from being converted into a carbon source.  
 Another important reason is that wildlife can sequester carbon naturally. Dr. Schmitz, a professor of social ecology at Yale University in the United States, studied marine life and nine other wildlife species, including whales, sharks, gray wolves, antelopes, sea otters, civets, elephants in the African forest and American bison. According to the survey, annually capture an additional 6.41 billion tons of carbon dioxide. Conserving wildlife helps protect the Earth as it captures significant amounts of carbon dioxide when protected or restored.  
Finally, wildlife can prevent rapid climate change. According to Professor Schmitz, wild animals play an important role in controlling the carbon cycle in ecosystems through a wide range of processes such as food collection and nutrient absorption. Take the Forest elephants as an example. The forest elephants eat low-carbon trees and their waste helps spread seeds for high-carbon trees. And they also play an important role in maintaining forest diversity. In other words, through the actions mentioned above, forest elephants diversify ecosystems and control the climate by absorbing environmental pollutants. In conclusion, by saving wildlife, we can prevent rapid climate change.    

 In conclusion, Wildlife conservation can capture natural carbon, and since wildlife activities themselves control the carbon cycle in the ecosystem, the ecosystem can become a carbon source if wildlife is absent. Therefore, wildlife must be protected in order to prevent the ecosystem from converting into a carbon source and accelerating global warming.  

< Eco-friendly Architecture to Achieve Carbon Neutrality in Response to Climate Change>

Today, energy conservation is crucial, especially when it comes to dealing with climate change. In order to address the current climate problem, an increasing number of people are asking for carbon neutrality, also known as Net Zero Carbon Emission, in every aspect of human activity. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the building and construction industry accounts for approximately 36% of total global energy demand. These numerical values indicate that the building industry requires environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions to address climate change.

Carbon emissions aren't just a concern when buildings are in use. They also occur during the production and transportation of materials needed for construction. This carbon footprint sticks with the building throughout its life, from the moment it is constructed until it is no longer in use. Then, what are the solutions for reducing carbon emissions in the building industry?

Today, there is a growing interest in zero-energy buildings, designed to significantly cut down on energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions. Zero energy architecture involves constructing buildings that produce more energy than they consume, thereby reducing the overall carbon footprint from construction to disposal. Passive technology is a technology that minimizes energy requirements. Conversely, active technology is technology that minimizes energy consumption. In 2017, South Korea introduced a certification system for zero-energy buildings, highlighting the importance of integrating passive and active technology alongside renewable energy sources.

For example, The National Institute of Ecology in Korea serves the first building in Korea to achieve certification as a zero-energy building, it generates energy through solar and geothermal systems while minimizing consumption with high-efficiency insulation and energy-saving devices.

By embracing these sustainable energy sources, zero-energy architecture not only lowers operational costs but also helps combat climate change by reducing carbon emissions.

In conclusion, urgent action is required within the building industry to mitigate carbon emissions in response to climate change. Given the building industry's growing importance in global energy consumption, projects like zero-energy architecture provide viable options for increasing energy efficiency and promoting environmental sustainability. By embracing these innovative approaches and taking decisive action, we can pave the way for a greener, more sustainable future for generations to come.

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) offer a promising solution to wastewater pollution, which contaminates the food chain and ultimately endangers humans by depriving them of clean drinking water. They are eco-friendly batteries that convert wastewater into electricity, functioning similarly to our digestive organs. Just as digestive organs produce energy by decomposing food, microorganisms in the cells work during this process.

The advantages of microbial fuel cells are significant. Firstly, compared to common fossil fuels, hydrogen fuel cells produce 50 to 90% less carbon dioxide, benefiting global warming and the environment. Additionally, microbial fuel cells are eco-friendly as they generate both electricity and thermal energy. Secondly, microbial fuel cells use raw materials with high renewable potential to produce energy through microbial activities. Biomaterials such as various types of organic waste, plant waste, and animal waste are utilized, ensuring sustainability in energy supply. Thirdly, microbial fuel cells aid in both food and wastewater treatment.

Professor Wiklinson from the University of South Florida presented to Autonomous Robots a robot named Gastroot – literally 'robot with place' – which eats and moves through food waste and agricultural byproducts. He said, "It is highly likely that in the future, this robot will be developed as a robot that eats and moves through food waste or agricultural byproducts." About 8 to 10 percent of the world's greenhouse gases are emitted from food waste. Once commercialized, this environmentally friendly robot can reduce these emissions.

However, microbial fuel cells also have limitations. Firstly, they are less energy efficient, with a 30% lower efficiency compared to hydrogen fuel cells. Secondly, stability issues arise under certain conditions such as low temperature or dry areas, leading to decreased energy efficiency. Thirdly, economic burdens and technical limitations hinder their widespread commercialization. While solar cells are widely commercialized globally, microbial fuel cells remain largely unknown and are not commercialized.

As Goethe said, "The closer we are to nature, the farther away the disease is, and the farther we are from nature, the closer the disease is." The environment holds great importance for us. People are increasingly interested in microbial fuel cells, and research on microbial fuel cells becomes active and universal. Prioritizing the environment, investing in microbial fuel cells becomes crucial for a cleaner environment and air for future generations.

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) offer a promising solution to wastewater pollution,

which contaminates the food shain and ultimately endangers humans by depriving them of clean drinking water They are eco-friendly batteries that convert wastewater into electricity, functioning similarly to our digestive organs.

Just as digestive organs produce energy by decomposing, food, microorganisms the cells work[during this process The advantages of microbial fuel cells are

significant Firstly, compared tocommon fossil fuels, hydrogen fuel cells produce 50 to 90% less carbon dioxide. benefiting global warming and the environment. Additionally, microbial fuel cells are eco-friendly as they generate both electricity and thermal energy. Secondly. microbial fuel cells use raw materials with high renewable potential to produce energy through microbial activities. Biomaterials such as various types of organic waste, plant waste, and animal waste are utilized, ensuring sustainability in energy supply. Thirdly, microbial fuel cells aid in both food and wastewater treatment. Professor Wiklinson from the University of South Florida presented to Autonomous Robots a robot named Gastroot - literally 'robot with place' - which eats and moves through food waste and agricultural byproducts. He said, "It is highly likely that in the future, this robot will be developed as a robot that eats and moves through food waste or agricultural byproducts." About 8 to 10 percent of the world's greenhouse gases are emitted from food waste. Once commercialized, this environmentally friendly robot can reduce these emissions. However, microbial fuel cells also have limitations. Firstly, they are less energy efficient, with a 30% lower efficiency compared to hydrogen fuel cells. Secondly. stability issues arise under certain conditions such as low temperature or dry areas, leading to decreased energy efficiency. Thirdly, economic burdens and technical limitations hinder their widespread commercialization. While solar cells are widely commercialized globally, microbial fuel cells remain largely unknown and are not commercialized.

As Goethe said. "The closer we are to nature, the farther away the disease is, and the farther we are from nature, the closer the disease is." The environment holds great importance for us. People are increasingly interested in microbial fuel cells. and research on microbial fuel cells becomes active and universal. Prioritizing the environment, investing in microbial fuel cells becomes crucial for a cleaner environment and air for future generations.

Saving wildlife helps protect the Earth.

From now on, an increase of 2 degrees Celsius in global temperature can cause many problems such as extreme climate, ecosystem destruction, and ocean acidification. To prevent this, we must stop global temperature rise. How can we stop global temperature rise? The main cause of global warming is greenhouse gases. We should try to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. How can we prevent global temperature rise by 2 degrees Celsius? According to Dr. Schmitz from Yale University in the United States, saving wildlife is a way to protect the Earth. Now, I will explain three key reasons why we need to protect wildlife.

One big reason is that when a particular animal species goes extinct, the ecosystem can become a carbon source. According to Dr. Schmitz, when a particular species goes extinct in a forest, the trees that absorb carbon dioxide disappear and the trees that release carbon may emerge, altering the ecosystem and accelerating global warming. In summary, we must protect wildlife so that we prevent the ecosystem from being converted into a carbon source.

Another important reason is that wildlife can sequester carbon. Dr. Schmitz studied marine life and nine other animal species, including whales, sharks, gray wolves, antelopes, sea otters, civets, elephants in the African forest and American bison. According to the survey, annually capture an additional 6.41 billion tons of carbon dioxide. In summary, if the wildlife are protected, they capture significant amounts of carbon dioxide.

Finally, wildlife can prevent rapid climate change. According to Dr. Schmitz, wild animals play an important role in controlling the carbon cycle in ecosystems through natural processes such as food collection and nutrient absorption. Take the Forest elephants as an example. The forest elephants eat low-carbon trees and their waste helps high-carbon trees grow. And their waste also play an important role in maintaining forest diversity by spreading various seeds. In other words, through the actions mentioned above, wildlife diversify ecosystems and control the climate.

In conclusion, wildlife can capture an additional carbons and they can diversify the ecosystem and prevent rapid climate change. However, if they are absent, ecosystem will become a carbon source. Therefore, we must protect wildlife.

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