https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg en-us 2023-08-11 16:37:00 UTC 2023-08-16 17:15:50 UTC hello@padlet.com 4809478358 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2660338035 * Did a series of three experiments exploring x rays role as a mutagen.
* He exposed fruit flies to X-Rays then mated them and observed their offspring. 
* Mullers experiments proved that the X-Rays mutated genes and that egg and sperm cells are easier to mutate. 
* First began his expirement  in 1926 at the University of Texas. ]]> 2023-08-11 17:00:51 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2660338035 8275549728 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2660342086 - Yeast was used to change the texture, flavors, or producing more ethanol.
- Horses were domesticated for work.
- Microorganisms were used to make wine
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562892/]]> 2023-08-11 17:10:29 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2660342086 8275549728 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2660344949 -noticed that milkmaids who had gotten cowpox were protected from smallpox.
- took material from a cowpox sore on milkmaid Sarah Nelmes’ hand and inoculated it into the arm of James Phipps
- James never developed the virus 
- in 1801 Jenner published his treatise “On the Origin of the Vaccine Inoculation.”
-after this vaccination became widely popular]]> 2023-08-11 17:16:17 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2660344949 8324605169 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2660346324 -Plasmids help deliver DNA to bacteria. 
-Plasmids can be copied and when it is the DNA is too. 
-They have genes for antibiotic resistance.  

https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1900-bacterial-dna-the-role-of-plasmids#:~:text=Plasmids%20have%20been%20key%20to,sites%20within%20the%20plasmid%20DNA.]]> 2023-08-11 17:19:47 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2660346324 4809478358 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2660347095 * Alexander Fleming found a zone around a fungus in which bacteria does not grow. 
*He discovered that the mold came from the Penicillum Genus and named it Penicillin. 
*He could not stabilize his newly found discovery and looked for others to help. 


]]> 2023-08-11 17:21:40 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2660347095 6860339284 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661649549 - PCR is where a small amount of DNA can be copied in large amounts over a short span of time.
 - The DNA's two strands are separated and the DNA nucleotide are bonded with each other. With assistance from the enzyme DNA polymerase, new DNA is made and then more can be produced. 
- PCR has been a major building block in  medical research and forensic science.

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1993/mullis/facts/]]> 2023-08-14 16:47:26 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661649549 4809478358 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661656220 * The Rockefeller Foundation took point in researching biology headed by Warren Weaver. 
* Weaver had introduced his research as Molecular Biology to describe the foundations work. 
* Molecular Biology made a huge contribution to the development of science since the idea of using better tools of physics and chemistry could be used on unknown questions of life sciences. ]]> 2023-08-14 16:56:38 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661656220 8275549728 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661657154 - Pasteur injected recovered chickens with freshly cultured cholera bacteria.
- When they remained healthy Pasteur believed that exposure to oxygen caused the loss of virulence.
- created the term "attenuation"

]]> 2023-08-14 16:57:54 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661657154 6860339284 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661659249 - This decision was known as the Ex Parte Hibberd which declared that new varieties of plants could now be patented.
-plant patents promote the development of new and novel plants and other mixed plants. 
-The cost to patent a single variety is thousands of dollars. 
- When people make a patent on a plant, they get paid anytime someone uses that plant.
https://www.upcounsel.com/plant-patent#:~:text=The%201985%20legal%20decision%20known,also%20be%20applied%20to%20plants

]]> 2023-08-14 17:00:19 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661659249 8324605169 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661659724 -They tested 20 of the test tubes that only had uracil in them.
-One of the uracil chains was used as a messenger. 
-They figured out a code and it is expressed in a chart form.
-The units for amino acids include three nucleotides.
https://www.acs.org/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/geneticcode.html#:~:text=In%201964%20Nirenberg%20and%20Philip,for%20all%2020%20amino%20acids.]]> 2023-08-14 17:01:07 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661659724 8275549728 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661662126 -Pasteur proved that a microscopic plant caused the souring of milk
- Pasteur was able to prove that living cells were responsible for forming alcohol from sugar
- Also proved that contaminating microorganisms found in ordinary air could turn the fermentations sour.
- found that through heating wine, beer, milk, or vinegar certain living organisms could be killed, thereby sterilizing or “pasteurizing” the substance.]]> 2023-08-14 17:04:45 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661662126 6860339284 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661664181 - The first trials were conducted to see if the protein would keep the plants safe from the environment 
- The plants were modified by a protein gene
- The protein gene used to modify the plants made it toxic to anything that ingested it


]]> 2023-08-14 17:07:44 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661664181 4809478358 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661666822 * The idea that each gene controls the activity of a single enzyme was proposed by geneticists George Beedle and Edward Tatum.
* Their experiments exposed molds to  X- Rays causing them to mutate. 
* They located which mutations are in specific genes that produced amino acids. ]]> 2023-08-14 17:11:23 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661666822 8324605169 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661670032 -Transcriptase was isolated by David Baltimore. 
- DNA was once isolated from retroviruses.
-Retrotansposons use a copy of DNA and it is then put into eukaryotic genomes. 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/reverse-transcriptase

]]> 2023-08-14 17:16:02 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661670032 8275549728 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661670410 -Used pea plants to trace their characters and inheritance.
- used nearly 30,000 pea plants to prove that traits are transferred from parents to offspring.

]]> 2023-08-14 17:16:37 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661670410 6860339284 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661673356 -The growth hormone 1 gene provides directions as to how to make the protein for the hormone.
- Growth hormone is produced in the growth
- Restoring somatotropic cells of the  gland, which is located at the base of the brain 
-Growth hormone is important for the growth of the human body.
https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/06/science/human-growth-hormone-made-by-bacteria-tests-in-patients-next-step-in.html]]> 2023-08-14 17:21:04 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661673356 6860339284 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661673816 - Chymosin comes from DNA from calves
- Chymosin is put through PCR to produce more protein
 - Chymosin is mostly used to make milk into cheese
https://www.chemistryworld.com/podcasts/chymosin/3007682.article]]> 2023-08-14 17:21:46 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661673816 8324605169 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661802999 - They can also be called restriction endonucleases.
- The enzymes can cut the DNA anywhere. 
- Each sequence has four to eight base pairs in which there are bonds of two on each strand of DNA. 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/restriction-enzyme#:~:text=Restriction%20enzymes%2C%20also%20called%20restriction,construction%20of%20cloned%20DNA%20molecules.

]]> 2023-08-14 21:01:07 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661802999 8324605169 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661813500 - They are called restriction enzymes because they restrict the amount of bacteriophages that infect a bacterium. 
- Restriction enzymes help fight against bacteriophages. 
- These enzymes cut the DNA into lots of pieces so the phage cannot replicate. 

https://www.britannica.com/science/restriction-enzyme


]]> 2023-08-14 21:22:55 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661813500 4809478358 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661840371 *Linus Pauling did a study where he found out that abnormal proteins could be linked to diseases and that genes could help determine this. 
* Used patients who had sickle cell anemia and used their hemoglobin to compare to ones who do not share the same disease.
*This study is looked back on to show the progress of biomedical research. ]]> 2023-08-14 22:18:04 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661840371 4809478358 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661844253 * During World War II,  Delbruck discovered how to connect genetics to bacteria and viruses creating bacteriophages. 
* He started courses to spread the news of his discovery. 
* Were important to the creation of molecular biology. ]]> 2023-08-14 22:27:57 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661844253 4809478358 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661846566 * Hershey and Chase did a series of experiments that identified that genes were made of DNA. 
* These were known as the Hershey/Chase experiments where they used bacteriophages.
* Those were the only ones that had solid evidence that genetic material are made of DNA. ]]> 2023-08-14 22:35:05 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661846566 4809478358 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661850037 *James Watson and Franncis Crick discovered the Double Helix Structure. 
*Using cardboard cut outs, shifting out the bases (Adenine, Thynine, Cytosine, and Guanine) could form hydrogen bonds with each other.
* Important in understanding how chemical genes control chemical processes within our bodies. ]]> 2023-08-14 22:41:58 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661850037 4809478358 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661864095 *  Sanger put together how amino acids are strung together in the protein insulin. 
* Others had thought that the amino acids within a protein were arranged out of random
* He noticed that there was precise order to how DNA should be coded. 

]]> 2023-08-14 23:21:06 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2661864095 6860339284 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662576252 - These tomatoes were produced to not get squishy so early on.
- The company decreased the production of the enzyme that made them rot so that they would stay better longer.
- The gene used to modify the tomato was the antisense gene. That gene causes tomatoes to soften
https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/genetically-modified-foods-other-novel-foods/approved-products/suppressed-polygalacturonase-activity-flavr-savr-tomato.html]]> 2023-08-15 16:36:20 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662576252 6860339284 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662582694 - Dolly was created through somatic cells
- Dolly was born July 5, 1996
Scientists transferred DNA from Dolly's mom and let the number of DNA increase enough to move it to an egg to further develop.
https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/natural-sciences/dolly-the-sheep/#:~:text=As%20the%20first%20cloned%20mammal,world%20and%20to%20the%20public.&text=Dolly%20is%20currently%20on%20display,the%20Science%20and%20Technology%20galleries.]]> 2023-08-15 16:45:36 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662582694 8275549728 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662583477 - He choose to study white blood cells, which are abundant in pus.
- Also  studied white blood cells in Salmon sperm
- Miescher isolated a material rich in phosphorus from the cells and called it nuclein. ]]> 2023-08-15 16:46:20 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662583477 4809478358 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662584640 * Kornberg’s interest in enzymes led him to work on the machine that allowed cells to replicate DNA.
* He isolated the enzyme that was responsible for DNA replication now known as DNA polymerase.

]]> 2023-08-15 16:47:55 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662584640 6860339284 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662588498 - Bioprinting methods are used to figure out the problems when making new products.
-products are built using different steps through a series of cross-sectional slices.
- Bioprinting is very similar to things in medical science
- Bioprinting is used for things like organ transplantation and accurate tissue models.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1818087619311869]]> 2023-08-15 16:52:51 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662588498 4809478358 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662590703 *  Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, and Roger Tsien were given the Nobel Prize for their discovery of the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). 
* Osamu Shimomura isolated the protein from a jellyfish. 
* The jellyfish emitted blue light, but others emit freen.]]> 2023-08-15 16:55:16 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662590703 8275549728 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662591740 -George Stockton Berry decided to integrate the combine with a steam engine 
- This provided power to the mechanics and saved his animals which were dying from heat exhaustion.
-Two engines were being used, one to self-propel it and drive the cutting blades, and the other to run the separator. ]]> 2023-08-15 16:56:26 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662591740 8275549728 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662593852 - Used high  pressure and moderate temperature
- Nitrogen and hydrogen gas came together using iron as a catalyst
- The demand and the desire to fix nitrogen to make explosives, as well as fertilizers led to thee development of ammonia.]]> 2023-08-15 16:59:06 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662593852 8324605169 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662594895 -Type 2 enzymes were used to cut DNA. 
-The DNA then combines together into vitro.
-The foreign genes are then put into a laboratory.   
https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/genetic-engineering/274518]]> 2023-08-15 17:00:31 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662594895 4809478358 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662598976  * Scientists reported the successful use of CRISPR/Cas 9 in mice to cure diseases. 
* Such work is used to help solve the shortage of human organs. 

]]> 2023-08-15 17:06:10 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662598976 8275549728 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662610259 -The postulates were formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in 1884 and refined and published by Koch in 1890.
-Koch applied the postulates to establish the etiology of anthrax and tuberculosis.
-General guidelines to identify pathogens that could be isolated]]> 2023-08-15 17:18:42 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662610259 8324605169 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662612188 -There was a three page report that was describing this method and how it works. 
-There was an issue that was keeping the field away from the single antibodies. 
-This method helped find therapies for these diseases. 
https://www.nature.com/articles/ni.3608]]> 2023-08-15 17:21:16 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662612188 8275549728 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662616906 - acetone was used for smokeless gun powder.
-Germans realized a massive yeast  waste from their beer which lead to them using it for food.
-The aerobic bacteria in the sludge digest the organic material around them in order to reproduce and grow, and change the chemical makeup of the sludge which reclaim waste water.]]> 2023-08-15 17:27:29 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662616906 8324605169 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662650791 -rDNA is very important in biomedical research. 
-They had different levels in which they contained the rDNA physically or biologically. 
-This research can be dangerous but they have safety protocols. 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1424456/]]> 2023-08-15 18:04:56 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662650791 8275549728 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662909371 - States that all types of work are biotechnology that are produced from raw materials using living organisms. 
- He coined the term biotechnology to describe that merging of biology and technology
-Biotechnology arose from the field of zymotechnology or zymurgy, which began as a search for a better understanding of industrial fermentation, particularly beer.]]> 2023-08-16 01:17:26 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662909371 8275549728 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662914328 -Emil von Behring is the scientist who isolated the diphtheria antitoxin.
-when diphtheria toxin was exposed to minute quantities of formaldehyde and heated, the toxin became non-toxic
-“The possibility of cures for even highly acute diseases can thus no longer be ignored.” lead to medical researches to try and find a cure more hastely.
- ]]> 2023-08-16 01:23:09 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662914328 6860339284 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662942159 - Adult cells of an Afghan hound were used to create Snuppy
- Birth defects can occur in some cloned puppies 
-  The creation of 4 clones using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from Snuppy as donor cells.
- 3.7 million dollars was used to start the cloning of the first dog
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5681657/#:~:text=We%20overcame%20these%20features%20that,inventions%20of%20the%20year9.]]> 2023-08-16 01:45:57 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662942159 6860339284 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662945848 - The first genetically modified animal was a Glofish
- The fish was a zebra fish with a fluorescent gene added that would make the fish glow in the dark
- Genetically modified mice are the most commonly used in various research 
- The animals are being modified to try and find a cure or a treatment for many diseases
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_animal#:~:text=The%20first%20genetically%20modified%20animal,the%20dark%20under]]> 2023-08-16 01:49:33 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662945848 8324605169 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662982760 -The first hormone that was made using genetic engineering was insulin. 
- This insulin was made to help people with diabetes. 
https://www.fda.gov/food/agricultural-biotechnology/science-and-history-gmos-and-other-food-modification-processes#:~:text=1973%3A%20Biochemists%20Herbert%20Boyer%20and,human%20insulin%20to%20treat%20diabetes.]]> 2023-08-16 02:28:45 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662982760 6860339284 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662985851 -CRISPR is a gene-editing tool
- The plan is to someday re-construct flawed genes in people, which could result in treatments or cures for diseases
- This tool helped organisms recognize and shut off the genetic material of viruses that have infected the cell already
https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/jennifer-doudna-and-emmanuelle-charpentiers-experiment-about-crisprcas-9-systems-role-adaptive.]]> 2023-08-16 02:32:19 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662985851 8324605169 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662995226 - It was the first company to go public 
-Genentech fakes the organisms from gene cells. 
-This process could eventually lead to finding the cure for cancer. 

https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/economics-business-and-labor/businesses-and-occupations/genentech-inc]]> 2023-08-16 02:40:35 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2662995226 6860339284 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2663002955 - Eli Lilly ran a company that produced insulin
- A deal was made with Genentech so that Lilly could use the bacteria for insulin
- helpful funds were then given to Genentech as the trade
https://www.gene.com/stories/pioneering-partnerships#:~:text=Genentech%20pioneered%20rDNA%20technology%2C%20which,if%20we%20did%20it%20alone.]]> 2023-08-16 02:45:58 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2663002955 8324605169 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2663005787 -Investigators from Stanford combined human cells and brain cells into the brain tissue of rats. 
-They are able to also study the development of brains. 
https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2022/10/human-rat-brain-neuron.html]]> 2023-08-16 02:49:05 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2663005787 8324605169 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2663015429 -Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans and Hamilton O. Smith all won the award together. 
-The prediction about the restriction enzymes was made by Arber.
-Smith was responsible for finding the first type ll restriction enzyme. 
-Nathans showed others how to use the enzymes and look at DNA.
https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/pd/feature/enzymes

]]> 2023-08-16 02:59:21 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2663015429 6860339284 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2663680941 - Covid-19 is a pandemic that started in 2019 and spread throughout the world.
- 6 feet of distance including a mask was required when outside of your home. In addition to places restaurants, schools, and stores.
-Once you were diagnosed with COVID you were required to quartine for about 2 weeks. 
- Eventually, there was a vaccine created that helped reduce the numbers of COVID. ]]> 2023-08-16 17:01:31 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2663680941 8275549728 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2663687647 - The monkey pox outbreak started May of 2022.
- monkey pox was spread most between people who were sexually active because of the close proximity.
- Monkey pox was more common in large cities.
- Shortly after the first death of monkey pox in September the vaccine was released.

]]> 2023-08-16 17:10:17 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2663687647 4809478358 https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2663688812 * Due to the rapid increase in Covid cases, there was a need for a solution such as a vaccine. 
* The FDA approved an emergency use authorization Pfizer vaccine for 16 and older. 
* It was tested on a random monitored group of individuals and based their data on that.

]]> 2023-08-16 17:11:44 UTC https://padlet.com/4809478358/szd9i1rr8si0ngtg/wish/2663688812