BENGKEL IBSE FASA 4 by NUR JANNAH BINTI MOHAMAD NIZAM Moe https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE mynotes en-us 2021-08-19 09:30:19 UTC 2023-06-04 04:48:17 UTC hello@padlet.com Surat Panggilan ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718124391 2021-09-06 01:58:56 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718124391 Jadual ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718127925 2021-09-06 02:00:33 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718127925 Jurulatih Utama (JU) ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718131757 2021-09-06 02:02:16 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718131757 Link bengkel ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718140531 gmeet:
https://meet.google.com/gfr-rpxh-vry

telegram:
https://t.me/joinchat/nzmw0gW5SME5MzY1

]]> 2021-09-06 02:06:11 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718140531 Taklimat ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718147128 2021-09-06 02:09:02 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718147128 Kumpulan Perbincangan ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718154178 Kumpulan 2]]> 2021-09-06 02:11:54 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718154178 Sesi Bergambar ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718185784 Mana saya???]]> 2021-09-06 02:25:48 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718185784 Pengenalan IBSE ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718196625 Inquiry-Based Science Education

IBSE bermaksud pelajar mengembangkan idea utama secara progresif melalui bagaimana menyelidiki dan membina pengetahuan dan pemahaman mereka tentang dunia persekitarannya.

Mereka menggunakan kemahiran yang diamalkan oleh saintis seperti mengemukakan pertanyaan, mengumpulkan data, menaakul dan meninjau bukti berdasarkan apa yang sudah diketahui, membuat kesimpulan dan membincangkan hasil.

Proses pembelajaran ini semua disokong oleh pedagogi berasaskan inkuiri, di mana pedagogi dianggap bukan hanya mengajar tetapi juga justifikasi yang menyokongnya.

Matlamat IBSE

Pendidikan sains berasaskan inkuri (IBSE) dapat membangunkan:
  • Pemahaman idea asas sains 
  • Pemahaman nature of science, inkuiri saintifik dan penaakulan
  • Kompetensi mengumpul dan menggunakan bukti 
  • Sikap saintifik dan sikap terhadap sains
  • Kemahiran yang menyokong pembelajaran sepanjang hayat
  • Kebolehan untuk berkomunikasi menggunakan bahasa dan pewakilan yang bersesuaian, termasuklah dalam bentuk tulisan/ teks, lisan dan matematik
  • Penghayatan sumbangan sains kepada masyarakat dan bagaimana sains digunakan dalam teknologi dan kejuruteraan.

Kenapa IBSE?

Inkuiri dapat membantu pelajar:
  • Memahami konsep saintifik dan sifat sains.
  • Menghargai proses menimba ilmu melalui sains.
  • Kembangkan kemahiran yang diperlukan untuk menjadi "penyiasat bebas".
  • Inkuiri adalah asas untuk pendidikan sains.
  • Semua pelajar dapat belajar melalui inkuiri.
  • Sains dilaksanakan dengan cara yang sesuai mengikut tahap keupayaan pengembangan.
]]> 2021-09-06 02:30:35 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718196625 Science Notebook ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718229362 [Click gambar]]]> 2021-09-06 02:43:43 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718229362 Nota ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718243224 Scientists notebooks??
The scientist’s notebook is a  detailed record of his/her engagement with scientific phenomena.

It is a personal representation of experiences, observations, and thinking— an integral part of the process of doing scientific work.

Notebook Benefits to Students:
  • Documentation: an organized record
  • Reference document
  • Communicating information & ideas
  • Minds-on: Cognitive engagement

Notebook Benefits to Teachers:
  • Assessment
  • Medium for feedback
  • Focus for professional discussions
  • Refinement of practice
]]> 2021-09-06 02:49:24 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718243224 Raising questions ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718312395 Investigable questions
Investigable questions can be investigated by doing something concrete with tools and materials.

Raising questions & IBSE
  • Questions are the basis of all inquiry. 
  • Whether it is in the classroom or the research laboratory, investigations begin when we encounter materials and phenomena that we don’t understand - that engage our curiosity and draw us into looking at something more carefully.

Investigating & Questioning
Cycles of questioning: raising questions, experimenting, and asking new questions based on new observations. 

]]> 2021-09-06 03:20:55 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718312395 Rujukan Tambahan IBSE ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718375754 https://www.nap.edu/

https://www.teachengineering.org/

https://ngss.nsta.org/Default.aspx

https://www.fondation-lamap.org/en/international-resources]]> 2021-09-06 03:51:29 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718375754 Teachers Question ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718382769 Elements in Productive questions:

  • Attention-focusing Q - help students to fix their attention on significant details
  • Comparison Q - help students analyse and classify
  • Measuring and counting Q - help students become more precise about their observations
  • Problem-posing Q - help students plan and implement
    solutions to problems
  • Action Q - encourage students to explore or to make
    predictions about phenomena
  • Reasoning Q - help students think about experiences and construct ideas that make sense to them
]]> 2021-09-06 03:55:08 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718382769 Video Pembelajaran ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718405730 Link tugasan:

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1RsGiHNR4qkfhrWeHoGpXRdmnLb86iNnSfz38F53oQ7g/edit?usp=sharing]]> 2021-09-06 04:06:19 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718405730 Modelling 1 ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718490638 Link tugasan:

Lakaran model

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1kk3bGY3L6hu1tzBMv9xd6ARPRJMbkxjwYILiHVIx8Oc/edit#slide=id.ged8ae1b75b_0_83

Hantar Video
https://padlet.com/nanysu_z/rk72wi4pqtvqgc72]]> 2021-09-06 04:50:31 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718490638 Tugasan ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718513715 Link tugasan:

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1pBF1KlvPzo-ChXMuuLgSztQw4e4gKwiDlCW4fzfJDik/edit#slide=id.ged8f751e73_1_2]]> 2021-09-06 05:02:36 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718513715 Contoh ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718549346 2021-09-06 05:21:30 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1718549346 Video Tugasan Kumpulan ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1719103326 Model Kitaran Air]]> 2021-09-06 10:33:44 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1719103326 Rumusan ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1719119543 2021-09-06 10:47:15 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1719119543 Menukarkan 'non-investigable Q' kepada 'investigable Q' ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1719136091 [Click pada gambar]]]> 2021-09-06 11:00:14 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1719136091 How do scientist work? ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720290610
  • Scientific investigations use a variety methods.
  • Scientific knowledge is based on humans making observations an interferences.
  • Scientific knowledge is based on empirical evidence.
  • Scientific knowledge is open to revision in light of new evidence.
    • ]]>     2021-09-07 00:52:53 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720290610     Science & Engineering Practice ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720518656
  • Asking questions and defining problems
  • Developing and using models
  • Planning and carrying out investigations
  • Analyzing and interpreting data
  • Using mathematics and computational thinking
  • Constructing explanations and designing solutions
  • Engaging in evidence-based arguments
  • Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information
    • ]]>     2021-09-07 02:24:09 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720518656     Tugasan kumpulan ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720546428 Bilangan jubin diperlukan = Luas ruang/saiz sekeping jubin]]> 2021-09-07 02:33:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720546428 Video tugasan ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720575066 Link tugasan:

    Video
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xoPS7bt1dAc
    https://t.me/c/1555574287/191

    Checklist
    https://docs.google.com/document/d/17wnmj3A9muHir1PvfjL-OB8iusdHX-28JzYZTY6ilfU/edit]]>     2021-09-07 02:44:19 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720575066     IBSE Classroom ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720790193 Teacher's role:

    • Include plenty of hands-on (practical) work in the range of students’ pedagogical practices used in science
    • arrange group working, collaboration and discussion
    • engage in dialogue with students and encourage use of scientific words
    • promote the use of skills to collect and interpret relevant evidence
    • use formative assessment strategies
    • model scientific attitudes of respect for evidence, open-mindedness, etc
    • provide time for reflection.

    Student's role:

    • gathering evidence by observing real events or using other sources
    • pursuing questions which they have identified as their own even if introduced by the teacher
    • raising further questions which can lead to investigations
    • making predictions based on what they think or find out
    • suggesting ways of testing their own or others’ ideas to see if there is evidence to support these ideas
    • using a variety of sources of information for facts that they need for their investigation
    • working collaboratively with others, communicating their own ideas and considering others’ ideas
    • assessing the validity and usefulness of different ideas in relation to evidence
    • reflecting self‐critically about the processes and outcomes of their investigations.
    ]]>     2021-09-07 04:12:33 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720790193     Merekacipta alat untuk mengukur masa ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720797670 Link tugasan:

    Lakaran alat mengukur masa
    https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1aVtDeRROTNUvwFygXJHmzI-63TPDZzMsu3gm73MeUGs/edit#slide=id.ged8f08b02b_0_6]]>     2021-09-07 04:16:08 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720797670     Nota ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720823999 [Click pada gambar]]]> 2021-09-07 04:28:31 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720823999 Mathematics Model ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720836494 Diagrams
    Physical replicas
    Mathematical representations
    Analogies
    Computer simulations]]>     2021-09-07 04:34:30 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720836494     Additional Reference ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720841449 2021-09-07 04:36:53 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720841449 Small Car Project ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720957732 Link tugasan:

    Lakaran model & video
    https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1t91-Q-GqQlEZOWvKi7e2bA-mQstAJzqLeOgoitgvQS8/edit#slide=id.p]]>     2021-09-07 05:34:26 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720957732     Tugasan ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720970533 Link tugasan:

    Tokoh
    https://padlet.com/saffrijemz/Bookmarks

    Lakaran pam air
    https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1vv0ridfvv0ACLc9L78W-mcdPP-XVxIvzlXLj2cWRPsA/edit#slide=id.p

    Cerita
    https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eNun6TN3FBjewWm0UlINzEbFFacGytZc/edit
    ]]>     2021-09-07 05:40:39 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1720970533     My 'Lakaran' ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1721087785 2021-09-07 06:40:12 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1721087785 Creative Design Model - ADDIE ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1721098181 2021-09-07 06:45:15 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1721098181 My Small Car ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723162674 Hasil tugasan individu]]> 2021-09-08 00:05:23 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723162674 Group 2 Small Car ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723163765 Hasil tugasan kumpulan.]]> 2021-09-08 00:06:04 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723163765 Water Pump Project ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723174031 Situasi:
    https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eNun6TN3FBjewWm0UlINzEbFFacGytZc/edit]]>     2021-09-08 00:11:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723174031     Jurnal berkaitan ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723846586 2021-09-08 04:46:43 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723846586 Tugasan kumpulan: ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723874026 Link tugasan:

    https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1Lk0hd2jTMdFv3UzzPAhKrAS6K1vv4HRKCQKJqugwKO8/edit#slide=id.p4]]>     2021-09-08 05:00:57 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723874026     IBSE - Reading - Document Research ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723889066 Amalan mendapatkan dan menilai maklumat serta berkomunikasi tentang maklumat.

    Inkuiri boleh berlaku melalui pembacaan bahan edaran atau dokumen dalam talian atau temu bual pihak yang berkelayakan (kajian berasaskan dokumen).]]>     2021-09-08 05:09:06 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723889066     Model Pembelajaran Abad ke-21 di Malaysia ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723925799 Elemen Pembelajaran Abad ke-21

    Elemen 1 - Kemahiran komunikasi
    Kemahiran komunikasi penting kerana dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran komunikasi perlu berlaku secara dua hala dengan pelajar dan penyampaian maklumat perlu berlaku.

    Elemen 2 - Kolaborasi
    Penyediaan PdP yang menggalakkan aktiviti kolaboratif boleh memastikan penglibat pelajar yang pasif dalam bilik darjah.

    Elemen 3 - Kreativiti guru
    Penyediaan kaedah PdP yang menarik, berkesan dan releven dengan perkembangan semasa. Kreativiti guru yang tiada had membuatkan sesuatu proses PdP dapat dijalankan dengan sangat menarik

    Elemen 4 - Berfikiran kritis
    Guru perlu memahami dan menguasai kesemua elemen, model, strategi dan kaedah berkaitan KBAT sebelum dapat megaplikasikan dalam PdP yang dirancang bergantung kepada kesesuaian dan keperluan]]>     2021-09-08 05:29:31 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723925799     Peranan Guru ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723935094 2021-09-08 05:34:21 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723935094 Pedagogi ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723942219 2021-09-08 05:36:18 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723942219 Kesimpulan ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723949581 Pengajaran berasaskan inkuiri menyokong PdP abad ke-21.]]> 2021-09-08 05:40:22 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723949581 Inquiry - Invent ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723959503 Inquiry with simple material can be also an opportunity for approaching complex scientific concepts.]]> 2021-09-08 05:45:58 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723959503 Tugasan - Eksperimen Ayunan Bandul ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723974763 Link tugasan:

    https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1WcAQ7GJMZ8414L7dJ8RkjUnBp1VDe9nASr7WeQ_j-68/edit#slide=id.p1

    [Click pada gambar untuk tonton video]]]>     2021-09-08 05:54:07 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723974763     Tugasan ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723977201 Link tugasan:

    Bahan
    https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tZUQRwKC73Vr6-c3C7gNBzSfXiQqlGYZ/view?usp=drivesdk]]>     2021-09-08 05:55:31 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1723977201     Formatif vs Sumatif ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1726553374 Link tugasan:

    Bahan
    https://t.me/c/1555574287/404

    Beza formatif/sumatif
    https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1iubcD-7a7Z20Iir5G3D2DPMk4LAm50R0AD8MHSxY-DU/edit#slide=id.geeba0b750b_0_871]]>     2021-09-09 01:45:11 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1726553374     Aktiviti ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1726581756
  • Cari benda tersembunyi
  • Kenalpasti Big Ideas, Essential Questions, Facets of understanding

    • ]]>     2021-09-09 01:55:41 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1726581756     Hasil tugasan ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1726699366 Penerangan:
    1. Apabila kismis diletakkan ke dalam bekas air yang berisi air, kismis akan tenggelam ke dasar bekas kerana kismis lebih tumpat
    2. Kemudian, apabila kismis diletakkan ke dalam bekas yang berisi soda, kismis pada awalnya tenggelam ke dasar bekas kerana lebih tumpat tetapi selepas beberapa saat, kismis dilihat naik ke atas dan ke bawah berulang kali seperti menari
    3. Ini adalah kerana kismis mempunyai permukaan yang kasar dan lekuk jadi ia dapat diisi dengan poket udara.
    4. Poket udara ini menarik gas karbon dioksida yang terdapat dalam air soda dan mewujudkan gelembung udara di permukaan kismis
    5. Gelembung CO2 meningkatkan isipadu kismis tanpa menaikkan jisim maka ketumpatan kismis diturunkan dan dapat naik ke permukaan cecair
    6. Di permukaan, gelembung CO2 dibebaskan dan ketumpatan kismis kembali kepada asal, jadi ia tenggelam kembali
    7. Proses berulang dan kelihatan seperti kismis menari

    ]]>     2021-09-09 02:38:58 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1726699366     Backward Design ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1726879780 Contoh dalam bilik darjah.]]> 2021-09-09 03:53:01 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1726879780 Rujukan - Contoh RPH Backward Design ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1726883426 2021-09-09 03:54:43 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1726883426 Tugasan ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1726887613 Link tugasan:

    RPH
    https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1u2ZAZxfx9knWTlsGf1zIG_m48EW6nUUIxqVoqRMd50k/edit?usp=sharing]]>     2021-09-09 03:56:31 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1726887613     Alat Inkuiri ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1777012550 Pengenalan
    Guru memainkan peranan penting dalam menyediakan pengalaman pembelajaran kepada murid supaya kemahiran serta amalan dan pemahaman dalam sains dapat dibangunkan.

    Tujuan alat inkuiri

    1. Justeru perlu ada alat yang dapat membantu guru melaksanakan inkuiri dalam kelas sains.

    2. Membantu guru untuk lebih memahami maksud pengajaran dan pembelajaran melalui inkuiri,

    3. Membantu guru untuk mendiagnosis kekuatan dan kelemahan dalam amalan pengajaran sains serta membuat refleksi terhadap pengajaran mereka sendiri.

    Alat inkuiri dalam pendidikan sains
    • Alat Diagnostik untuk Penyedia CPD 
    • Alat Refleksi Kendiri untuk Guru 
    ]]>     2021-09-29 05:53:27 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1777012550     Rujukan ticerjannah https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1777022060 Link nota rujukan:

    https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1xWKs6xrq78T_9LjG-Eex6yCovR6kofHC/edit#slide=id.p16]]>     2021-09-29 05:58:42 UTC https://padlet.com/ticerjannah/bengkel_IBSE/wish/1777022060