SP22 689 Weekly Wall 14 - the last one!!! by Sara Police

Nutritional Management and Outcomes in Malnourished Medical Inpatients: Anorexia Nervosa -Cassie Craig

2022-04-15 02:56:40 UTC

For our last week, I chose a review on the nutritional treatment and effects of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) on patients. The eating disorder module was my favorite to learn about because my goal is to become a behavioral health physician, so I would encounter eating disorders, such as AN, regularly. This review is important because it explores both the physical and nutritional impacts that this disease yields in patients. This review emphasizes the difficulty of implementing dietary changes in patients with AN, but the overall goal is to help the patient increase their nutrient intake until they return to a healthy weight. They found that patients that with AN are deficient in vitamin and mineral levels, making them high risk for developing refeeding syndrome. This is clearly related to nutritional science because AN yields poor nutritional levels in patients and requires dietary intervention for recovery. In a clinical setting, this review aims to help standardize and improve treatment for AN patients, which will hopefully yield faster, long-lasting recovery.

Cuerda, C., Vasiloglou, M. F., & Arhip, L. (2019). Nutritional Management and Outcomes in Malnourished Medical Inpatients: Anorexia Nervosa. Journal of clinical medicine, 8(7), 1042. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8071042

Healthy Foods Can Make You Happier- Cole Cincinelli

ccci222 — 2022-04-16 18:49:47 UTC

Throughout this course the interaction between several diseases and nutrition have been discussed. Cardiovascular diseases, immune diseases and cancer are only a few of the top diseases around the world that are taking lives. The cure to this issue is improving eating habits and changing lifestyle behaviors and it can not only reduce risk for many diseases but also produce a happier perception of life. Research suggests that “healthy” food choices such as eating fruits and vegetables have not only physical but also mental health benefits and might be a long-term investment in future well-being. A panel survey of over 12,000 adults from Australia, Mujcic and Oswald showed that fruit and vegetable consumption predicted increases in happiness, life satisfaction, and well-being over two years (Wahl et al). This contradicts the idea that high calorie, sugary, comfort foods make us happy but in reality those foods are actually negatively impacting our mental and physical health. This study is one of very few studies that investigated in-the-moment experiences of eating happiness using self-report. Future research could further the evidence of this study by looking at brain areas associated with happiness during eating healthy/unhealthy foods.

Wahl DR, Villinger K, König LM, Ziesemer K, Schupp HT, Renner B. Healthy food choices are happy food choices: Evidence from a real life sample using smartphone based assessments. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):17069. Published 2017 Dec 6. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17262-9

The Effect of Nutrition Intervention with Oral Nutritional Supplements on Pancreatic and Bile Duct Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy

emaleehaynes — 2022-04-20 13:12:33 UTC

Emalee Haynes

The goal of this study was to find helpful ways to provide nutrition supplements to patients with pancreatic and bile duct cancer. It was mentioned how negatively quality of life can be impacted for patients receiving chemotherapy medications, and nutrition takes a large hit in all of this. The study compared a control group to a group of patients who did receive an oral nutritional supplement for 8 weeks. The results found that patients who received the oral nutritional supplements had, “increased daily intakes of energy, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. After 8 weeks, fat mass significantly increased in the ONS group.” This is important to note because this is a potential supplement option for cancer patients to help improve their quality of life through helping to better their nutrition through aiding in weight gain or maintenance of initial weight and improve feelings of fatigue. When a patient is receiving chemotherapy, they can have low energy and weight loss which is why this is clinically significant. Clinical implications of this would be another opportunity for counseling patients and helping to give them a holistic treatment regimen.

Kim, Seong Hyeon et al. “The Effect of Nutrition Intervention with Oral Nutritional Supplements on Pancreatic and Bile Duct Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy.” Nutrients vol. 11,5 1145. 22 May. 2019, doi:10.3390/nu11051145

The Influence of Diet on Fertility and the Implications for Public Health Nutrition in the United States: Jaida Garrett

jaidag99 — 2022-04-20 22:57:01 UTC

Infertility amongst men and women affect 15% of couples in the united states and 25% of cases are male physiological factors. This article provides evidence on how important nutrition and diet is to couples or even individuals who want to reproduce or use assisted reproductive technology to reproduce. Overall it is most important to consume whole foods, whole grains, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated oils, vegetables, and fish. These foods or foods that fall under these categories benefit men and women for improved fertility (Panth, 2018). It is also found that individuals who experience obesity will be at a higher risk for infertility than an individual with normal BMI ranges. Specific nutritional requirements are going to vary per person however it is generally the same in benefits from the recommendations. A key finding is that if one lacks specific nutritional requirements and is able to conceive and get pregnant, the fetus is now at risk for genetic defects. Defects can include neural tube defects or miscarriage. The article talks about the specific Mediterranean diet and also mentions folate supplementation in months before considering conceiving. Higher levels of folate supplementation lowered the risk of spontaneous abortion (Panth, 2018). Clinical implications include the integration of nutritional counseling into fertility treatment. So, again that educational piece between physician to patient is extremely crucial in lowering health risks such as infertility. They also talk about how to maintain a woman’s psychological health and nutrition when dealing with fertility because they can develop anxiety and depression. If nutrition starts to lack the health and quality of the individual will decrease and that certainly does not help with fertility. I really enjoyed this article and I think it is so important for reproductive health.

Panth, N., Gavarkovs, A., Tamez, M., & Mattei, J. (2018). The Influence of Diet on Fertility and the Implications for Public Health Nutrition in the United States. Frontiers in public health, 6, 211. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00211

Red and processed meat intake and cancer risk: Results from the prospective NutriNet-Sante cohort study- Esraa Zamzami

ezamzamiez — 2022-04-22 07:27:47 UTC

The study I found is one of many studies that study the relationship between red and processed meat consumption on cancer risk. The strength of this study is the large number of participants they included. The researchers found that red meat consumption significantly increased breast and overall cancer risk. However, they found no relationship between processed meat and cancer risk.

Interestingly, the main factor that played a significant role in this study is the amount of meat consumed. These researchers found no evidence that meat consumption increased cancer risk in a former study. The difference between the two studies is that in the first one, where there was no significant effect, participants consumed less than 500 grams of red meat per week. Whereas the current study, they found a significant relationship because participants consumed more than 500 grams of red meat per week. Same for processed meats, many other studies found a strong relationship between cancer risk and processed meat consumption, unlike this study. They did not find a significant relationship because participants’ intake of processed meat was very low.

This study emphasizes the importance of balance. Unfortunately, many people enjoy eating red and processed meat and would not listen to recommendations on cutting them out of their diets. However, health care providers can encourage them to consume fewer amounts to avoid adverse health outcomes.

Diallo, A., Deschasaux, M., Latino-Martel, P., Hercberg, S., Galan, P., Fassier, P., Allès, B., Guéraud, F., Pierre, F. H., & Touvier, M. (2018). Red and processed meat intake and cancer risk: Results from the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort study. International journal of cancer, 142(2), 230–237. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31046

Selenium-enriched probiotics improves murine male fertility compromised by high fat diet.-Ashley Wahlman

2022-04-22 16:30:37 UTC

Infertility effects about 1 in 8 couples. This is pretty significant that many men and women will experience infertility and may have to seek fertility treatments. However, I feel that men's infertility is sometimes overlooked so I decided to look at an article that discusses men's fertility. In a study researchers looked at 75 mice and measured the effects of probiotics, inorganic selenium, and selenium-enriched probiotics on male fertility in hyperlipidemic status. One key finding in this study is that sperm count and motility values in the OSePB group were higher than in the PB group. The overall percentages of sperm head and tail abnormalities in the OSePB group were lower than those in the PB group. This relates to nutritional sciences because you can also find foods rich in selenium as well as drinks rich in probiotics once again just emphasizing the accessibility of this treatment. This allows us to offer organic selenium probiotics as a supplement to men to help improve their fertility. This is an easy way to help improve fertility without it being invasive or an expensive option. A lot of the fertility options today cost a lot of money and are not covered by insurance.

References:
Ibrahim, H. A., Zhu, Y., Wu, C., Lu, C., Ezekwe, M. O., Liao, S. F., & Huang, K. (2012). Selenium-enriched probiotics improves murine male fertility compromised by high fat diet. Biological trace element research, 147(1-3), 251–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-011-9308-2

Obesity with Comorbid Eating Disorders- Andrea Ballinger

2022-04-23 00:44:51 UTC

The article I chose for this week discusses the interaction between patients with obesity and eating disorders, in particular bulimia. This was really a perfect article because it discussed the intersectionality of what I believed to be two of the most interesting modules of the semester: obesity and eating disorders. What I found particularly interesting was the discussion regarding treatment for someone with obesity and an eating disorder. Obesity is typically treated with diet changes and increased physical activity. With the addition of an eating disorder, treatment can not simply be diet centered for an obese patient. One study concluded that combination therapy was able to target both concerns. Long term, CBT significantly reduced binge eating while behavioral weight loss therapy produced significantly greater weight loss. Additionally, simply focusing on one or the other treatment type resulted in either disengagement from therapy/neglect of the second concern. This is an important study because it shows how nutrition maintenance is not one size fits all. A team of healthcare professionals must really work together to coordinate a plan for patients comorbid with obesity and an eating disorder because nutrition alone cannot alleviate all symptoms.

da Luz, Felipe Q et al. “Obesity with Comorbid Eating Disorders: Associated Health Risks and Treatment Approaches.” Nutrients vol. 10,7 829. 27 Jun. 2018, doi:10.3390/nu10070829

Ivana Djuricic: Osteoporosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2022-04-23 19:56:10 UTC

Max Reinshagen, Osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease, Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2008, Pages 202–207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crohns.2008.01.005

This is a review article that looks at studies that have investigated osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease. This paper is important because as I read through it, it seems like there isn't a lot of data or longitudinal studies that look at the progression of osteoporosis, solely based off of IBD conditions. It highlights a need for more controlled studies in IBD patients in order to establish evidence-based therapeutic approaches.

One key thing in this study is that, although the cause of osteoporosis is steroid-induced in most inflammatory disease patients, there is evidence that the inflammatory disease state itself can cause bone loss through the osteoprotegerin (OPG) system. OPG is a receptor antagonist for sRANKL (soluble receptor activator of NK-kB ligand). RANKL is expressed on osteoblasts and the binding to RANK receptor on osteoclast precursors leads to osteoclast differentiation, activation and bone loss. The RANK and RANK-ligand interaction is inhibited by OPG. While glucocorticoids do inhibit OPG production, thereby increasing osteoclast activation, OPG production is also inhibited during flare-ups by inflammatory cytokines released in response to chronic IBD. So the induction of bone loss is not exclusive to the use of steroids in these patients but could be induced through a similar pro-inflammatory pathway that causes active IBD.

In the nutritional aspect, it would be important to recommend calcium and vitamin D supplementation for patients with IBD--not only because of the malabsorption issues that IBD causes, but also because of the ramped up differentiation toward osteoclasts and bone loss that these patients might experience. The paper does note that there are genetic differences in the OPG system that can cause variation in bone loss on an individual level for people with inflammatory diseases, so screening bone density for IBD patients as part of their clinical plan would help the dietician better understand how to plan the dietary recommendations. More research should be done on the interplay between chronic inflammatory states in individuals and the incidence of osteoporosis.

rwpr222 — 2022-04-24 03:50:24 UTC

https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/met.2018.0105

Posted by Richard Proudfoot

For this final week, the research paper selected is titled: “Prevalence of Optimal Metabolic Health in American Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2016” This February 2019, article was published in the METABOLIC SYNDROME AND RELATED DISORDERS. 2019 Feb;17(1):46-52. doi: 10.1089/met.2018.0105. Epub 2018 Nov 27.. The authors are Joana Arau´ jo, PhD, Jianwen Cai, PhD, and June Stevens, PhD. Their affiliations are Departments of Nutrition, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

The purpose of this research is to determine the number and proportion of American adults who have optimal levels of each of five traditional cardiometabolic risk factors in the absence of pharmaceutical treatment. The study conducted a focused analysis of five risk factors, grouping variables (e.g., systolic and diastolic blood pressure [SBP and DBP]), and applying cut points using the most recent guidance: (i) WC <102/88 cm in men/women; (ii) SBP <120 mmHg and DBP <80 mmHg2,5; (iii) glucose <100 mg/dL and HbA1c <5.7%6,7; (iv) triglycerides <150 mg/dL4 ; (v) HDL-C ‡40/ 50 mg/dL in men/women. The study also examined the prevalence of not taking medications for blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol.

This study is important because currently there are no estimates of current prevalence of metabolic health among adults in the United States. This study provides a baseline on which changes can be compared.

The key findings from this study are the proportion of metabolically healthy Americans is 12.2% (95% CI: 10.9–13.6). Less than one-third of normal weight adults were metabolically healthy, and the prevalence decreased to 8.0% and 0.5% in overweight and obese individuals, respectively.¹ These findings relate to nutritional sciences because metabolic health is strongly associated with dietary patterns as well as physical activity and not smoking.
Clinical implication of this study is that the medical and nutrition science communities need to take on the responsibility of improving our individual patients and our community populations metabolic health. Most all of our patient encounters need to include discussion of lifestyle improvements. The medical and nutrition science communities need to support efforts to regulate advertising and regulate marketing, and “sin tax” certain goods harmful to metabolic health and costly to individuals and society; for example, sugar-sweetened beverages. Posted by Richard Proudfoot

1. Araújo J, Cai J, Stevens J. Prevalence of Optimal Metabolic Health in American Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2016. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. 2019;17(1):46-52. doi:10.1089/met.2018.0105

https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/met.2018.0105

Katelyn Spain: Good Oral Health and Diet

2022-04-24 21:53:41 UTC

The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between a healthy diet and oral health status. This study discussed how nutritional habits can influence oral diseases. Dental caries are a common dental health issue. The development of caries is caused by the presence of sugars and starches being broken down by bacteria, resulting in the demineralization of tooth enamel. The level of dental caries in a community are decreased in areas that have traditional lifestyles and consume low amounts of sugars. While in areas with an increased quantity of sugars and fermentable carbohydrates are consumed, dental caries increase. Saliva is a neutralizing agent in the mouth. It has a more basic pH and aids in defending acidification by bacteria in the mouth. Peanuts, hard cheeses, and chewing gum have been found to stimulate salivation to aid in decreasing dental caries. Dental erosion is the irreversible loss of dental tissue that is chemically corroded by acids, this does not involve any bacteria in the mouth. Foods that contain citrus, phosphoric, ascorbic, malic and other acids cause dental erosion. Oral cancers are extremely associated with nutritional habits. Smoking, chewing tobacco, and consuming alcohol all increase the risk of the development of oral cancers. The clinical implications of this study is for healthcare providers, such as dentists, to educate their patients on diet and its associations with oral health status.
Scardina, G. A., & Messina, P. (2012). Good oral health and diet. Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology, 2012, 720692. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/720692

Nutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease - The Role of Proteins and Specific Diets

MitchellWatts — 2022-04-25 14:51:03 UTC

Posted by Mitchell Watts

I decided to introduce a new topic that I find nutritionally relevant and also a major concern for our population. According to the CDC, chronic kidney disease affects more than 1 in 7 US adults. For Americans with diabetes or HTN (the two most common causes of kidney disease), the risk for CKD is even greater. Nearly 1 in 3 people with DM and 1 in 5 people with HTN have kidney disease.

The optimal diet for CKD patients remains controversial, depending upon the eGFR, type of kidney disease, and the presence of other comorbidities such as DM, HTN, or heart failure. However, increased intake of red and processed meat is associated with a significant risk of GFR decline while an adherence to a diet characterized by high intake of fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products is associated with a lower risk of CKD.

A low protein diet is a long-standing recommendation for CKD management, and limiting protein intake from animal sources and shifting toward a vegetable protein sources is also associated with favorable effects, in addition to the reduced phosphorus load with better control of metabolic bone disorder.

However, concern exists that protein-restricted diets may increase the risk of protein malnutrition. There is increased catabolism and net muscle protein degradation with worsening of kidney function, metabolic acidosis, and insulin resistance. Therefore, in order to avoid protein energy wasting, it is important that caloric intake should be increased well over normal metabolic needs, regardless of the recommended protein intake.

As we have seen before in this course, healthy dietary patterns, such as the DASH diet and Mediterranean diet, have both a protective effect against disease occurrence as well as disease progression. The most well researched and effective diets promote increased intake of fruits and vegetables, fish, legumes, whole grains, and fiber; and lower intake of red meat, salt, and refined sugars.

Apetrii, M., et al. (2021). Nutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease-The Role of Proteins and Specific Diets. Nutrients, 13(3), 956.

Kidney Disease Statistics for the United States. (2021). NIDDK.

A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-fat diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia: a randomized, controlled trial. -Seonwook Kim

ski224 — 2022-04-25 18:50:35 UTC

For my last weekly wall, I selected the topic for hyperlipidemia because I am interested in this topic and enjoyed the lecture and articles in this module. Hyperlipidemia indicates the elevation of cholesterol and/or triglyceride (TG) and is closely related to obesity and cardiovascular diseases. This condition is easily acquired by eating habitats. This study investigated low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-fat diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia. The key finding of this study is that a low-carbohydrate diet program, compared with low-fat diet, had better participant retention and greater weight loss. In addition, serum TG levels decreased more, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased more with the low-carbohydrate diet. In clinical implications, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet may be a better option to treat hyperlipidemic obesity patients because healthy hyperlipidemic persons who followed a low-carbohydrate diet lost more body weight and body fat than those who followed a low-fat diet. Also, serum lipid profiles improved at the same level as low-fat diet.

Yancy WS Jr, Olsen MK, Guyton JR, Bakst RP, Westman EC. A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-fat diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004 May 18;140(10):769-77. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-140-10-200405180-00006. PMID: 15148063.

Mediterranean Diet and Depression- Lydia Duncan

lrdu229 — 2022-04-25 19:19:34 UTC

At the beginning of this course, I had mentioned previous research into the developing field of nutritional psychiatry. Quite a few people seemed interested, so I wanted to use this as my topic of research for this week. Nutritional psychiatry can be defined as the practice of treating mental health disorders using food and supplements. This specific article in the field looks into the impact of the Mediterranean diet pattern (MDP) on individuals at risk of a depression diagnosis. Diet has previously been proposed as a risk modifier when evaluating depression. MDP, which we have discussed before, has been perceived to have health benefits ranging across many different health risks. The difference between this study and the ones that came before it is that this is the largest cohort study performed. The initial data was collected between August of 1991 and March of 1992, in women age 29-49 (and residing in Sweden). Out of all the data collected, 42,515 participants qualified to complete the study, and their data was tracked from the initial data collection to December 31st, 2012, date of death, immigration out of Sweden, or a diagnosis of depression (whichever occurred first). The participants food consumption before the study was measured using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). This article is important because it is the first long term cohort study looking into the relationship of diet and mental health.

The largest finding of this study was that adherence to the MDP led to a reduction in the risk of developing depression later in life. With adjustment to things like lifestyle factors, it was determined to be a 5% decrease in risk of developing depression (with medium & high adherences to the MDP). They also found that the "protective effect" of the diet increased with age. These findings relate to nutritional sciences through the relation of MDP adherence to the risks of receiving a diagnosis of Depression.

A clinical implication of this study is that mental health can be affected by diet, just like physical health. Therefore, a more holistic view should be taken into account when considering mental illnesses. As I learned in my previous Health Psychology course, mental and physical health are intertwined. Since we know diet is closely associated as a risk for many physical diseases, it makes sense that it would also play a role in mental illness.

Article Citation:
Yin, W., Löf, M., Chen, R. et al. Mediterranean diet and depression: a population-based cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 18, 153 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01227-3
Additional References:
Selhub, E. (2020, March 26). Nutritional psychiatry: Your brain on food. Harvard Health. Retrieved April 25, 2022, from https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/nutritional-psychiatry-your-brain-on-food-201511168626

Mortality associated with suboptimal diet - Julie Rees

tccjrr — 2022-04-26 17:40:41 UTC

Researchers analyzed the CDC's NHANES and mortality data against 10 different foods/nutrients consumption categories to determine mortality risk. The most significant finding was that nearly half (45%) of deaths by CVD, stroke, or type 2 diabetes were associated with a suboptimal diet. Deaths in all three of these conditions were linked to increased consumption of processed meats, sugary beverages, and red meat. Persons who died from CVD tended to have higher sodium consumption and decreased consumption of nuts, omega-3 fats, and fruits and vegetables.
Of the deaths associated with poor diet, those at greatest risk tended to be male, lack or Hispanic, and of lower education levels. This may indicate that poor nutrition may be associated with lower economic status as well though this was not evaluated.
This study not only reinforces the need for a health diet but also opens our eyes to how many deaths could potentially be saved through dietary changes.

Analysis of gut microbiome, nutrition and immune status in autism spectrumdisorder: a case-control study in Ecuador

Ellen_Reusch — 2022-04-26 21:18:01 UTC

Ellen Reusch

For this final weekly wall post, I decided to look into the relationship between autism and nutrition. We touched a little bit on psychiatry in this course, but didn't cover autism spectrum disorders specifically and this is a topic I am really interested in. This research article evaluated 60 children (25 with ASD, 35 controls) in Ecuador. Interestingly, in the children without ASD, the likelihood of the child being under-weight or over-weight was higher than in the ASD group. The study found, through review of the childrens' diet and feeding habits, that children with ASD were more likely to have abnormal dietary habits and also to more likely to experience intermittent gastrointestinal upset. A review of the childrens' gut microbiota revealed that those with ASD had more overall gut diversity and also more amounts of certain bacterial species. We know through this class and other nutritional pharmacology classes that the gut microbiome can play a huge role in a disease process or in a patient's management of a disease, so this was a very interesting piece of information I found when reading this article. While I'm not sure if this article would help in any certain way to parents trying to manage their childrens' ASD, I think it provides some useful information that can guide further research into the environmental causes or influences in the development of autism. This could potentially lead physicians and researchers closer to discovering a definite cause of autism, or even towards a better understanding of the risk factors and early clinical signs that could be used for earlier diagnosis. Additionally, this article demonstrates the importance of healthy eating habits, as the patients with ASD were likely to have worse eating habits than those without. Although this article doesn't link the eating habits as causative of ASD, those children with ASD had higher frequency of gastrointestinal upset or GI conditions, which could potentially be due to their altered eating habits (this would require further investigation but is an interesting future research topic!).

Maria Fernanda Zurita, et. al., (2020) Analysis of gut microbiome, nutrition and immune status in autism spectrum
disorder: a case-control study in Ecuador, Gut Microbes, 11:3, 453-464, DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1662260.

Rhoda Inimgba: Lifestyle Factors and Metabolic Syndrome among Workers: The Role of Interactions between Smokingand Alcohol to Nutrition and Exercise.

inimgbamiebi2000 — 2022-04-27 00:51:29 UTC

The purpose of this article is to show if there is a relationship between smoking and alcohol and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome and also how nutrition affects metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome include elevated blood pressure, abdominal obesity, impaired fasting blood glucose levels. Also the components of metabolic syndrome which include hypertension and dyslipidemia can lead to cardiovascular diseases which can be severe. A key finding of this study is that alcohol does increase the risk of abdominal obesity and also in females, it decreases the risk of high fast blood glucose. When it comes to smoking, smoking showed higher risks on getting metabolic syndrome and its components. This relates to nutritional sciences as the effect on smoking on abdominal obesity, high blood pressure and metabolic syndrome could decrease with the type of nutrition a person takes in. The clinical implications of this study is physicians making sure they ask thier patients if they smoke or drink to be able to advise them that they should take in more nutrition to prevent nutrient deficiencies.
The purpose of this article is to show if there is a relationship between smoking and alcohol and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome amd also how nutrition affects metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome include eleveated blood pressure, abdominal obesity, impaired fasting blood glucose levels. Also the components of metabolic syndrome which include hypertension and dyslipidemia can lead to cardiovascular diseases which can be severe. A key finding of this study is that alcohol does increase the risk of abdominal obesity and also in females, it decreases the risk of high fast blood glucose. When it comes to smoking, smoking showed higher risks on getting metabolic syndrome and its components. This relates to nutritional sciences as the effect on smoking on abdominal obesity, high blood pressure and metabolic syndrome could decrease with the type of nutrition a person takes in. The clinical implications of this study is physicians making sure they ask thier patients if they smoke or drink to be able to advise them that they should take in more nutrition to prevent nutrient deficiencies.

Huang, Li, R.-H., Huang, S.-L., Sia, H.-K., Chen, Y.-L., & Tang, F.-C. (2015). Lifestyle Factors and Metabolic Syndrome among Workers: The Role of Interactions between Smoking and Alcohol to Nutrition and Exercise. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(12), 15967–15978. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215035.

Kate Mashburn - The effect of a prevention program based on health belief model on osteoporosis

katecmashburn — 2022-04-27 01:01:17 UTC

Because osteoporosis is the most common of the metabolic bone diseases, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the health belief model on women with osteoporosis. This study was conducted on one hundred and twenty women in Iran. A questionnaire was given to the women before intervention, after intervention, and six months later that analyzed their knowledge of how nutrition and moderate exercise could help prevent osteoporosis. Bone mineral density was also analyzed at these intervals. Overall, significant knowledge was gained by these women resulting in a successful study as well as overall bone mass. This just goes to show that giving people more knowledge on the basics of how to prevent diseases can dramatically affect their health for the better. This study gives a good argument for why general public health programs should be set up to inform people on how basic life changes can be made to impact their overall health, not just a specific disease.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25821026/

Joe Devine: Exercise, nutrition and the brain

2022-04-27 01:17:55 UTC

For this last paper I wanted to look at how nutrition affects brain health. This paper looks at the effects of diet and exercise on the brain. It has been widely accepted through research that exercise supports brain health and improves over well being and may improve cognition as well Exercise does this by increasing an essential neurotrophin, brain-derived neurotrophic. This also protects the brain neurodegenerative diseases.

The effect nutrition plays on the brain is through micronutrients that occur in thing like fruits and vegetables known as polyphenols. These help support brain health by potentially protecting against neuronal injury due to neurotoxins that may become present in the brain.

It is widely accepted that nutrition plays a role in brain health because it helps things such a neurotransmitter synthesis, membrane support and fluidity, as well transmission. However, the blood brain barrier that protects the brain from outside sources is a formidable foe and acts a natural deterrent to study, and things act different in vivo compared to in vitro studies as there are more systems in play that can have a more convoluted or complicated pathway system.

Meeusen R. Exercise, nutrition and the brain. Sports Med. 2014 May;44 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S47-56. doi: 10.1007/s40279-014-0150-5. PMID: 24791916; PMCID: PMC4008828.

Sidney Harm: A study of caloric restriction versus standard diet in overweight men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer: A randomized controlled trial

sidneyharm — 2022-04-27 01:30:33 UTC

For this week I decided to bring in two topics from two different classes; cancer which we discussed in this module and caloric restriction which was discussed within another class. This randomized control study looks at a caloric restriction diet versus a standard diet in newly diagnosed cancer patients. These patients are overweight, male, and have prostate cancer. Being overweight or obese is a risk factor for males for developing prostate cancer. Patients were either calorically restricted or just resumed their normal diet for 6 weeks. It was found after the 6 week intervention that there was changes in weight and certain serum proteins that are related to prostate cancer. This study has shown that there is some type of correlation between caloric restriction and prostate cancer, there should be other studies that look into the possibility of caloric resitrictions versus a standardized diet having a correlation to the progression of the cancer. While this is an extremely small study including 19 patients, it does show that there is a possible link between diets and specifically prostate cancer.

References:
Wright, Plymate, S., D’Oria-Cameron, A., Bain, C., Haugk, K., Xiao, L., Lin, D. W., Stanford, J. L., & McTiernan, A. (2013). A study of caloric restriction versus standard diet in overweight men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer: A randomized controlled trial. The Prostate, 73(12), 1345–1351. https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.22682

Diagnosis and management of bone fragility in diabetes: an emerging challenge - Dierra Doaks

2022-04-27 02:11:02 UTC

For this last weekly wall, I decided to look at osteoporosis again. I found an article on bone fragility in diabetes. Fragility fractures have been recognized as a complication for both type I and type 2 diabetes. In addition, fracture risk increases with disease duration and poor control of blood glucose levels. Multiple studies have illustrated that patients with type 1 diabetes have a lower bone mineral density compared to healthy individuals. This relationship is important to note in medications. Some of the anti-diabetic medications should be preferred in diabetics with bone fragility. Medications with a favorable effect on bone metabolism should be favored for anti-diabetic treatment. On the other hand, there is a need for more research on osteoporotic treatments in diabetic patients. The pathophysiology of bone fragility in patients with type I and type 2 diabetes are not completely clear after multiple studies. This article was interesting to read. I appreciate all of the information in it about osteoporosis after learning about it in a previous module.

Ferrari, Abrahamsen, B., Napoli, N., Akesson, K., Chandran, M., Eastell, R., El-Hajj Fuleihan, G., Josse, R., Kendler, D. ., Kraenzlin, M., Suzuki, A., Pierroz, D. ., Schwartz, A. ., & Leslie, W. . (2018). Diagnosis and management of bone fragility in diabetes: an emerging challenge. Osteoporosis International, 29(12), 2585–2596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4650-2

The Interplay Between Nutrition and Stress in Pregnancy: Implications for Fetal Programming of Brain Development

2022-04-27 02:40:04 UTC

Stephen Mayer

One thing that we did not talk a lot about is the critical role of nutrition during a pregnancy. In utero, fetal brains are extremely plastic and subtle changes can have long-term implications. This study found that high fat diets and higher dietary intake of nutrients can mitigate prenatal stress. This is a very important study because the fetus senses and responds to the intrauterine environment and this environment can cause the offspring to have chronic diseases, cognitive impairments, or birth defects. Offering the right nutritional recommendations and the proper resources to obtain those nutrients for pregnant mothers is critical to the health of our future generations. It has been found that deficiencies in vitamin D, B complex, zinc, chromium, iron, and iodine have been associated with stress-related orders (anxiety, neuropsychiatric, and depression). An uptake of fat soluble vitamins is critical due to the mammalian brain being comprised of mostly lipids. Nutrition is critical for long-term survival all the way from conception to death.

Lindsay, K. L., Buss, C., Wadhwa, P. D., & Entringer, S. (2019). The Interplay Between Nutrition and Stress in Pregnancy: Implications for Fetal Programming of Brain Development. Biological psychiatry, 85(2), 135–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.06.021

Nutrition therapy for the management of cancer-related fatigue and quality of life- Tamunoerenomie Inimgba

tonyeinimgba99 — 2022-04-27 02:40:33 UTC

The purpose of this article is to study and review possible nutritional interventions that can be used to reduce the symptoms of cancer related fatigue. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a debilitating syndrome that persists for many cancer survivors for years after treatment. Some symptoms usually include early and persistent fatigue, functional decline, depression, and cognitive difficulties. A key result of the article was implementations of diet plans prior to, during, and after cancer treatment appears to affect fatigue levels. Increased protein intake may help preserve lean mass and body composition. Dietary patterns that reduce inflammation, such as the Mediterranean diet and other plant-based diets, appear tolerable to cancer survivors and may reduce fatigue. Supplementation with ginseng, ginger, or probiotics may improve cancer survivors’ energy levels. Nutritional interventions, alone or in combination with other interventions should be considered as therapy for fatigue in cancer survivors. The clinical implications of the article would be to determine efficient nutrition care plan to help improve cancer related fatigue or the quality of life in cancer patients and survivors as there is currently room for more research in the area.
Baguley, B., Skinner, T., & Wright, O. (2019). Nutrition therapy for the management of cancer-related fatigue and quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Nutrition, 122(5), 527-541. doi:10.1017/S000711451800363X

Mild Suppression of Hyperinsulinemia to Treat Obesity and Insulin Resistance

2022-04-27 04:06:34 UTC

Page, M. M., & Johnson, J. D. (2018). Mild suppression of hyperinsulinemia to treat obesity and insulin resistance. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 29(6), 389-399.

-Clarisa Williams

This week I have decided to look find research addressing Obesity and its relation to insulin levels. In my opinion, there has been more awareness made regarding insulin levels and weight gain. This review article through the Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism addressed the relationship between insulin production and secretion and how those levels impact obesity.

Hyperinsulinemia precedes obesity and further insulin response can lead to additional weight gain. Insulin lowering interventions with diet can result in better insulin response for obese individuals. Those diets should lower postprandial glycemia to help avoid hyperinsulinemia following weight loss. In doing so, those once obese individuals would be less likely to regain the weight. Identifying specific dietary interventions that will not cause a spike in blood sugar will help reduce the risk of regaining the weight.

Insulin lowering treatments might be a reasonable intervention for obese individuals. Lowering glucose levels during a weight loss interventions can also reduce the likelihood of regaining the weight. Dietitians can make appropriate recommendations for patients.

Adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - Cole Zetter

2022-04-27 04:56:40 UTC

After reflecting on the course, this week's weekly wall is reflecting on the hypertension module. I read an article relating dietary approaches to stop hypertension which included the diet and related it to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. I found this article to be important because hypertension is such a prevalent medical condition within the United States, I felt as though it needs to be addressed again. This article brought up the dietary impact of beverages, sodium, fats, meats, grains, beans, dairy, fruits and vegetables. One key finding to this study that I found was that with their group of patients within the study, those that scored higher in a DASH (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) score showed a lower risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. I would say that the clinical implications of this study would be that to effectively lower a patient's risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, it is very important to maintain a well balanced diet of the foods listed previously. This is mainly important for healthy levels of the blood pressure. The article noted that dietary approach to stop hypertension was especially helpful for overweight individuals.