Ends years of civil war known as The Anarchy between his mother, Empress Matilda, and King Stephen.

Once Henry’s friend and chancellor, Becket later becomes his rival over church vs. royal power.

Henry tries to limit the power of the Church courts.

Begins English control over parts of Ireland.

Creates succession conflicts among Henry’s remaining sons.

Introduces assize courts and trial by jury, laying the foundations for English common law.

Dies at Chinon Castle in France.

Succeeded by his son Richard I (“Richard the Lionheart”).

Henry reasserts royal authority over the Welsh princes.

Henry attempts peace with Becket and tries to settle disputes with his sons.

Henry walks barefoot to Canterbury and is flogged by monks to show repentance.

Richard allies with King Philip II of France against his father.

King Stephen recognizes Henry as his heir, ending the civil war known as The Anarchy

Gains vast territories in southwestern France through this marriage

Plays a role in resolving disputes among French nobles, showing his influence across Europe.

Son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Empress Matilda, daughter of King Henry I of England.