Economic

Henry Clay gives a speech to Congress in 1824, in which he proposed a plan to allow the national economy to grow. The plan consisted of three parts: impose protective tariffs, have a national bank, and internal improvements (infrastructure). The significance of this plan was that it boosted nationalism, and it also showed government effort to boost the economy.

Political

After the Federalists were brutally defeated in the election of 1816, the party started to disappear. In the election of 1820, the party had failed to nominate a candidate, marking the end of the party. The significance of the death of the Federalist party was that it left the Democratic-Republican party to be the only party remaining in the U.S. government. This was a good thing for Democratic-Republicans, due to the President being Democratic-Republican.

Political

Serious internal issues existed in the Democratic-Republican party due to the changing times. Some members held onto traditional Democratic Republican views, while the majority of Democratic-Republicans actually adopted what had once been views of a Federalist. The significance of this event is that it would lead to the birth of two rival parties in the near future.

Political

Spain has a difficult time controlling Florida due to revolts that were occurring in South America. Meanwhile Seminoles, runaway slaves, and white outlaws are conducting raids in U.S. territory, and safely retreating in Florida. In late 1817, President Monroe commissions General Andrew Jackson to stop the raiders and even pursue them into Florida if necessary. Jackson leads a militia into Florida in 1818, destroying the raiders. Spain was already busy with issues in South America, so in 1819 they decided to get the best possible terms for Florida, and so the Adams-Onis Treaty was signed in 1819. The significance of Jackson in Florida and the Adams-Onis Treaty is that America acquired the Spanish Florida territory and eliminated the threat of the Spanish in the East completely. The U.S. gave up its claims to Spanish Texas, while getting Spanish claims of the Oregon territory.

Political

Many land speculators in the west had to sell their properties as a result of the Panic of 1819. Voting rights then opened up to white men who did not own property. The significance of the expansion of voting rights is that it allowed for more citizen representation in the government, and increase in voter participation compared to pre-expansion.

Political

From 1803 to 1819, six states from territories across the U.S. are admitted into the Union. Those six states were Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois, and Alabama. The significance of these new states was that they expanded western land for the U.S. The admission of these states also increased nationalism for the growing country.

Political

Congress attempts to keep a sectional balance between the North and South, which was 11 free states and 11 slave states in the Senate. Missouri had requested for statehood, but there was major controversy because if Missouri was admitted as a slave state, then the political balance would be tipped in the favor of the South. After months of heated debate, it was decided that Missouri would be admitted as a slave state and Maine would be admitted as a free state to maintain the balance. The significance of this compromise was that it kept sectional balance. The balance was generally a good thing, but it left people in the North and South torn by nationalism and sectionalism.

Political

After the fall of Napoleon in 1815, Europe had seen a few restored monarchies. These nations would seek to suppress liberal republics in both Europe and South America. British Foreign Secretary George Canning proposed an Anglo-American plan to the U.S. minister in London, Richard Rush. This plan would warn European powers to not intervene in South America. Monroe inserts the doctrine in his annual message to Congress, which declared that the American continents are free and independent, shall not be considered future colonization subjects by European powers, and do not have power to interfere in the affairs of republics in the Western Hemisphere. Britain was also included in this statement, due to Monroe giving the statement solely from an American standpoint and not Anglo-American. The significance of the doctrine was that it established U.S policy in the Western Hemisphere, and it also prevented Europeans from further colonization in the Western Hemisphere.

Economic

The Erie Canal in New York connected the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean through the Hudson River. The significance of its completion is that it led to the construction of more canals over the U.S. It made food prices lower in the East, and led to an increase in immigrants in the West. In general, the completion of the Erie Canal connected the economies of the east and the west.

Economic

The charter of the First Bank of the U.S. was allowed to expire in 1811 and was rechartered in 1816 at the end of James Madison's presidency by Congress. To have the BUS was one of three parts to Henry Clay's proposal of the American System. The significance of the recharter of the BUS was that it kept a central bank, and a central currency, which is a good thing. However, the BUS also played a major part in the Panic of 1819 by contracting credit and leading to a financial crisis in the U.S.

Economic

The Panic of 1819 is mainly caused by the Second Bank of the United States because it had tightened credit in an effort to control inflation. There was an increase in state banks closing, unemployment, bankruptcies, and debt imprisonment. The significance of this event was that it made many voters in the west changed their political views, call for land reform, and oppose the BUS, which was generally supported by a majority prior to the panic.