https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw Chapters Four en-us 2021-09-21 17:01:46 UTC 2023-07-03 03:13:02 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/547160692/85fd88a5edb2907b3deb31a168ba209c/IMG_1854.jpeg enzorust https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876093 First, remake this timeline for your own use. As you read chapters 4 in An Indigenous Peoples' History, add textual evidence and information about the dates mentioned in the chapters. Don't worry about overly general dates-for example-"from the early 1600s to the late 1700s. . . "  Include specific information about the event/people mentioned in the date and include the impact the event/person had on Indigenous peoples. Be specific with nation names when possible.
See my example for 1620. You may also leave personal thoughts, wonderings, or questions with your entries.  Also feel free to include pictures or original drawings (if you're so inspired) to enhance the visual component of the timeline.

]]> 2021-09-21 17:01:46 UTC https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876093 enzorust https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876095 “The Powhatan Confederacy was an alliance... of Algonquian-speaking tribes... They were among the first Indigenous peoples... to experience... an invasion of European colonizers... Jamestown in 1607 was located on Powhatan territory... The colonizers apparently were not successful at growing crops or hunting... Powhatans often harassed them... Their survival depended on ongoing diplomatic conversations... Diplomacy failed when the harvest was poor... Smith threatened to harm Powhatan communities... if the Powhatans did not provide the colony with food. Fighting began in 1609... On August 9, 1610... burned an Indigenous town, killing many... in 1622, the Powhatan Confederacy... killed nearly 350 people—about a third of the settler population.”(68-70)

In 1607, Jamestown was built on Powhatan territory. Relations were uneasy, and were only held up by diplomacy and trade. When harvest was bad though, the Jamestown leader threatened innocent Powhatan villages. In 1609, they fought, and on 8/9/1610, a mercenary launched an attack, burning down a Powhatan town. Though the Powhatans held strong, and in 1622, they retaliated, killing nearly 350 people.]]> 2021-09-21 17:01:46 UTC https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876095 enzorust https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876099 "The Europeans who came ashore on Cape Cod in November of 1620 carried a view of the world that was based on the teachings of Christian religious reformer John Calvin." pg. 50

Calvinists believed that they were destined and justified by their god to take over lands belonging to Indigenous peoples. ]]> 2021-09-21 17:01:46 UTC https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876099 enzorust https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876100 “During the Pequot war... colonial officials began offering bounties for the heads of murdered Indigenous people.”(P. 66-67)
“In 1636, the Pequots were blamed for killing an Englishman... A forward of soldiers under John Endecott were sent to avenge his death... he had his men burn the villages and food supplies. Shortly after, the Pequots... attacked Fort Saybrook... The colonial government retaliated... In the other were primarily women, children, and elders. Mason targeted the latter. Slaughter ensued.”(P. 72-73)

During the Pequot war, the Pequots were antagonized and subsequently terrorized by colonizers. Bounty’s were put on Pequot heads, and Pequot villages were destroyed.
The Pequots got blamed for a death, so in retaliation many settlements and villages were destroyed and Pequot civilians killed, starting the war. In anger, the Pequots retaliated by attacking Fort Saybrook. In retaliation to the retaliation, the government sent a militia to destroy a Pequot fort containing mostly women, children, and the elderly. The loss was devastating for the Pequot.]]> 2021-09-21 17:01:46 UTC https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876100 enzorust https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876101 “Unable to eliminate the Indigenous population through open warfare, the British eventually launched a campaign of systematic destruction of the Powhatan agricultural resources.”(P. 71)

The Tidewater was a series of attacks by the British on Powhatan crops  and food supplies in an effort to starve the Powhatans in a form of biological warfare.]]> 2021-09-21 17:01:46 UTC https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876101 enzorust https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876102 “In 1732, it’s commander, General James Oglethorpe, commissioned a Scots Highlander, Hugh Mackay Jr., to organize & train his small regular army to become a Highland Ranger force... essential to Britain’s invasion of Florida in 1739... ranger & their Indigenous allies attacked Spanish & Indigenous towns & villages, looting & burning them, taking scalps, and hunting for people who had escaped slavery.” (P. 74-75)

The leader of the Georgia colony in 1736 paid a highlander to wipe out the Natives. Highlanders were known brutal warriors, and he trained an army that, in 1739, massacred Indigenous and Spanish villages in Florida.]]> 2021-09-21 17:01:46 UTC https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876102 enzorust https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876104 “In the French and Indian War... the British found that the Cherokee Nation was an extremely powerful ally to the French... The British command was well aware that their military could not defeat the Cherokees... So they added 300 rangers, 40 local militia members, and 50 Native allies to their troop count... their first target was a Cherokee  town of about... 2000 people... the British then moved on, razing 15 more towns and burning 1400 acres of corn.” (P. 75-76)

During the French & Indian War, the British tried to destroy one of France’s vital allies, the Cherokee through overwhelm in force & cruelty. They targeted women & children, strategically targeting fleeing civilians & burning people alive who tried to hide. They destroyed 16 villages & 1400 acres of corn, which was a vital food source to the Cherokee.]]> 2021-09-21 17:01:46 UTC https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876104 enzorust https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876105 “For example, Major General Jeffery Amherst... in the Seven Years War(1756-1763) is best known for his support of using germ warfare against Indigenous people...”To send Small Pox among those Disaffected Tribes of Indians?" (P. 68)

During the Seven Years War, a British General thought to use Small Pox against Indigenous peoples who had a weak immune system. He turned what was originally an accidental massacre into targeted biological warfare.]]> 2021-09-21 17:01:46 UTC https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876105 enzorust https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876106 “In 1763 king George III of England declared that no British subjects should settle on Indigenous lands... west of a “proclamation line.”... Despite the Proclamation of 1763, squatters moved into the Ohio country... In 1774 the  Shawnee responded... by raiding squatter settlements and expelling land surveyors. The settlers... retaliated... to destroy Shawnee towns... to wipe them from the face of the earth... the Continental Congress was able to focus an offensive to annihilate the Shawnee... They sent a force of 500 fighters... Rampaging against innocent men, women, and children,” (P. 79-82)

In 1763, the British King declared no British citizen could settle past a certain line. Some people did anyway, and they were pushed back by the Shawnee. The fighting continued for 30 years before the Shawnee allied with the British. When the British were losing, the Continental Congress (newly formed American government) sent an offensive of 500 soldiers to massacre Native towns—not distinguishing between Nations and killing all. This led to more aggressive expansion by the new government.]]> 2021-09-21 17:01:46 UTC https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876106 enzorust https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876107 2021-09-21 17:01:46 UTC https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876107 enzorust https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876110 “When the war between the British & separatists began, both sides vied to win the Haudenosaunee as allies... but in the end, all six of the Iroquois nations were seen as a threat to the separatists. By 1779 General George Washington ordered preemptive action against the Haudenosaunee... His orders were to lay waste to all the settlements around... that the country may not be overrun but destroyed... burn and loot all Indigenous  villages and destroy their food supplies,” (P. 84-86)

During the Revolutionary War, the Haudenosaunee were seen as vital allies for either side. When the Haudenosaunee sided with the British, Washington knew he had to wipe them out before they could strike, so he had his men burn down villages and slaughter innocent civilians so that no one would survive to fight back.]]> 2021-09-21 17:01:46 UTC https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876110 enzorust https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876112 2021-09-21 17:01:46 UTC https://padlet.com/enzorust/su47n1bdob7gmvcw/wish/1757876112