Historical Overview of Rhetoric by Jonathan Jones https://padlet.com/jtorvik2/st1l9eci4cn2lr2g en-us 2020-08-13 21:09:34 UTC 2020-08-13 21:37:41 UTC hello@padlet.com Cicero (1st century BCE) Cicero, a Roman orator, wrote extensively on rhetoric and oratory.Cicero classified speeches according to the speaker’s intent: to provide information, to bepersuasive, or to provide entertainment. Quintilian concentrated on the idea of trope. Basically,trope encompasses the different ways that a speaker can play with language—by usingmetaphors, vivid images, repetition, etc. jtorvik2 https://padlet.com/jtorvik2/st1l9eci4cn2lr2g/wish/679512861 2020-08-13 21:09:34 UTC https://padlet.com/jtorvik2/st1l9eci4cn2lr2g/wish/679512861 Augustine of Hippo (4th century CE) was a theologian and saint of the Catholic Church. He argued that philosophy and theology required rhetoric as a way of making truth intelligible to people who were not theologians or philosophers. jtorvik2 https://padlet.com/jtorvik2/st1l9eci4cn2lr2g/wish/679512862 2020-08-13 21:09:34 UTC https://padlet.com/jtorvik2/st1l9eci4cn2lr2g/wish/679512862 5th century CE to the 15th century. By the Middle Ages, rhetoric made up one-third of the requiredsubjects in the humanistic arts. During that time, students in any curriculum were required to learngrammar, logic, and rhetoric. jtorvik2 https://padlet.com/jtorvik2/st1l9eci4cn2lr2g/wish/679512863 2020-08-13 21:09:34 UTC https://padlet.com/jtorvik2/st1l9eci4cn2lr2g/wish/679512863 14th century CE to the 17th century. During the Renaissance, humanists turned to the arts of speech andletter writing (eloquence). The expanded the tradition of rhetoric. jtorvik2 https://padlet.com/jtorvik2/st1l9eci4cn2lr2g/wish/679512865 2020-08-13 21:09:34 UTC https://padlet.com/jtorvik2/st1l9eci4cn2lr2g/wish/679512865 jtorvik2 https://padlet.com/jtorvik2/st1l9eci4cn2lr2g/wish/679512866 17th century and 18th centuries. Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Rousseau, Giambattista Vico, and Hugh Blair were interested in the relationship among rhetoric, politics, human knowledge, and human nature.]]> 2020-08-13 21:09:34 UTC https://padlet.com/jtorvik2/st1l9eci4cn2lr2g/wish/679512866 20th century. Stephen Toulmin focuses on validity of evidence. Loyd Bitzer coins the phrase therhetorical situation. Rogerian rhetoric emerges in the 1960s. Michael McGee focuses on all elements in agiven context (symbols, pictures, film, etc). jtorvik2 https://padlet.com/jtorvik2/st1l9eci4cn2lr2g/wish/679512867 2020-08-13 21:09:34 UTC https://padlet.com/jtorvik2/st1l9eci4cn2lr2g/wish/679512867 20th Century Kenneth Burke redefines rhetoric to mean that which is embodied within ordinarycommunication practices. “Rhetoric,” according to Burke, “is rooted in an essential function of languageitself, a function that is wholly realistic and continually born anew: the use of language as a symbolicmeans of inducing cooperation in beings that by nature respond to symbols.” Rhetoric is not just an “addon” to language; it is fundamental to the human experience. jtorvik2 https://padlet.com/jtorvik2/st1l9eci4cn2lr2g/wish/679512868 2020-08-13 21:09:34 UTC https://padlet.com/jtorvik2/st1l9eci4cn2lr2g/wish/679512868 Aristotle (384-322 BCE) Rhetoric can be treated as a coherent area of inquiry. Rhetoric has a logic anda purpose as the “faculty of observing the available means of persuasion in any given situation.” In otherwords by taking into account the specific qualities of an audience, a setting, and an occasion, an oratorcan figure out exactly what would be persuasive in that context. jtorvik2 https://padlet.com/jtorvik2/st1l9eci4cn2lr2g/wish/679536722 2020-08-13 21:36:26 UTC https://padlet.com/jtorvik2/st1l9eci4cn2lr2g/wish/679536722