The entire plant helps control phlegm and gall bladder function, reduces fever, and stimulates appetite. It is particularly beneficial for children. (DeFilipps & Krupnick, 2018)

The liquid obtained from boiling the plant can aid in relieving headaches, indigestion, loose bowels, and shooting pains caused by gas. (DeFilipps & Krupnick, 2018)

Additionally, the leaves of the plant can lower fever, neutralise poisons, and be used in preparing other forms of traditional medicine. (DeFilipps & Krupnick, 2018)

DeFilipps, R. A., & Krupnick, G. A. (2018). The medicinal plants of Myanmar. PhytoKeys, 102, 1–341. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380

Due to the health budget in Burma and the health acute illness in hospitals can be overwhelming H.pylori is overlooked. (UNSW Kirby Institute, 2024)

Helicobacter pylori is a type of bacteria that affects the tissue in the stomach and duodenum. It can cause pain and inflammation and is a leading cause of ulcers. (Johns Hopkins Medicine, n.d.)

It is typically treated with a combination of two antibiotics. The dual antibiotics help prevent the bacteria from developing resistance. Testing should be conducted within four weeks of completing treatment. (Mayo Clinic, 2023)

Mayo Clinic. (2023, June 1). H. pylori diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/h-pylori/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356177

Johns Hopkins Medicine. (n.d.). Helicobacter pylori. Johns Hopkins Medicine. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/helicobacter-pylori#:~:text=H.%20pylori%20is%20a%20type,in%20your%20upper%20digestive%20tract.

UNSW Kirby Institute. (2024, March 18). Researchers identify simpler, cheaper prevention for stomach cancer. UNSW Kirby Institute. Retrieved August 25, 2024, from https://www.kirby.unsw.edu.au/news/march-researchers-identify-simpler-cheaper-prevention-stomach-cancer

Chaves, N. J., Gibney, K. B., Leder, K., O'Brien, D. P., Marshall, C., & Biggs, B.-A. (2009). Screening practices for infectious diseases among Burmese refugees in Australia. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 15(11). https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1511.090777

One major challenge that refugees, such as those from Burma, face is the language barrier when navigating the Australian healthcare system. (Refugee Council of Australia, n.d.)

Language barriers can severely impact refugees' ability to communicate their health needs and understand medical information. Miscommunication can lead to inadequate care and treatment, potentially making refugees feel isolated and underserved. (Bridge Refugee Youth & Children’s Services, n.d.)

Addressing this issue by providing professional interpreters can enhance refugees' ability to effectively engage with the healthcare system. Interpreters help bridge communication gaps, empower refugees, and support their autonomy in managing their health. (Refugee Council of Australia, n.d.)

World Health Organization. (n.d.). Social determinants of health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1

Refugee Council of Australia. (n.d.). Disability and refugees: Understanding the challenges and solutions [Report]. Refugee Council of Australia. https://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/disability-report/13/

Bridge Refugee Youth & Children’s Services. (n.d.). Language and integration barriers: Perspectives from refugee youth. BRYCS. https://brycs.org/migration-resettlement-awareness/language-integration-barriers-perspectives-from-refugee-youth/

I have learned that to provide the best care for refugee or migrant patients; I must respect their need to include family in decision-making. Reflecting on this standard has highlighted the impact of family and community involvement on consent and treatment follow-up. I will strive to be sensitive to cultural and community backgrounds to ensure effective care. (Migrant & Refugee Women’s Health Partnership, 2019)

Migrant & Refugee Women’s Health Partnership. (2019). Culturally responsive clinical practice: Working with people from migrant and refugee backgrounds. https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

The traditional dress features a longyi, an ankle-length wrap-around skirt worn by both genders. Colours differ by gender: men typically wear darker shades, while women opt for more colourful patterns. The longyi is paired with a traditional Burmese shirt called a taipoan for men and an eingyi for women, which comes in various collar styles. (Phoenix Voyages, n.d.)

Burmese people wear their traditional dress daily for comfort and because it suits the country’s humid weather. (Phoenix Voyages, n.d.)

Phoenix Voyages. (n.d.). Myanmar national costume: Traditional dress & clothes. Phoenix Voyages. https://www.phoenixvoyages.com/news/myanmar-national-costume-traditional-dress-clothes/

The form of Buddhism practised in Burma is Theravada, which is the oldest and most conservative branch. This branch follows Buddhism without modifications or adaptations. Buddhists in Burma believe in reincarnation and karma. (Shanti Travel, n.d.)

Buddhists live according to the teachings known as the Four Noble Truths given by the Buddha. Buddha’s life is described as ascetic and disciplined. He attained enlightenment and great wisdom by learning that suffering is caused by negative actions and choices. (Shanti Travel, n.d.)

Shanti Travel. (n.d.). Religion in Myanmar. Shanti Travel. https://www.shantitravel.com/en/myanmar-travel-guide/religion-in-myanmar#:~:text=Buddhism,the%20Buddha's%20teachings%2C%20without%20modification

The flag features horizontal yellow, green, and red stripes, with a five-pointed star overlapping the colours. According to Edarabia, each colour holds a symbolic meaning related to the country’s internal conflicts. Yellow symbolises national unity, which is also represented by the five-pointed star. Green signifies peace and tranquillity, while red stands for courage and determination.(Edarabia, n.d.)

Edarabia. (n.d.). Flag of Myanmar: Colors, Meaning, History. Edarabia. https://www.edarabia.com/myanmar/flag/#2