Latitude – parallel lines around the earth

Longitude – lines that run from the North Pole to the South Pole

domestication – to tame animals and plants for human use

specialization – the development of different kinds of jobs

civilization – complex society with cities, organized government, art, religion, class divisions, and a writing system

irrigation -  method of bringing water to a field from another place to water crops

city-state - independent state made up of a city and the surrounding land and villages

The Code of Hammurabi
wheel

Hieroglyphics – system of writing made up of thousands of picture symbols developed by the ancient Egyptians

Pharaoh – all powerful king in ancient Egypt

Deity – god or goddess

Agriculture - growing crops for human use or farming

Irrigation - method of bringing water to a field from another place to water crops

miles long

by deserts

(Upper & Lower)

(Narmer)

Torah –first 5 chapters of the Old Testament 

Covenant – agreement

Prophet – person who claims to be instructed by God to share God’s word

Sabbath – weekly day of worship and rest for Jews (Saturday)

Subcontinent – large landmass that is part of a continent but distinct from it

Sanskrit – written language developed by the Aryans

Caste – social group a person is born into and cannot change

Hinduism – system of religion that grew out of the religion of the Aryans in ancient India

Brahman – in Hinduism, the universal spirit of which all gods and goddesses are different 

Aristocrat – noble whose wealth came from land ownership

Pictograph – a character that stands for an object

Ideograph – a character that joins two or more pictographs to represent an idea

Bureaucracy – a group of appointed officials who are responsible for different areas of government

Agora- an open area that served as both a market and a meeting place

Direct Democracy-Athens government, government by the people, citizens share in running the government, each citizen has 1 vote

Representative Democracy-USA system of government, where citizens choose a smaller group to make laws and decisions for them

Myth - story describing gods, heroes, or natural events

Epic- long poem that tells about legends or heroes

patrician- wealthy landowner and member of the ruling class in ancient Rome

plebeian- member of the common people of ancient Rome

consul- one of the two top government officials in ancient Rome

veto- to reject

dictator- a person who ruled with complete power

(Or a savior)

Disciple-close follower of Jesus

Resurrection-the act of rising from the dead

Apostle-early Christian leader who helped to set up churches and spread the message of Jesus

Salvation-the act of being saved from sin and allowed to enter heaven

Messiah-in Judaism, a deliverer sent by God

(Or a savior)

Disciple-close follower of Jesus

Resurrection-the act of rising from the dead

Apostle-early Christian leader who helped to set up churches and spread the message of Jesus

Salvation-the act of being saved from sin and allowed to enter heaven

oasis- green area in a desert fed by underground water. 

Quran- holy book of Islam. 

mosque- Muslim house of worship. 

bazaar- marketplace. 

shrine - holy place

samurai - class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land

shogun - military general over a large area of feudal Japan

daimyo - powerful military lord over small territories in feudal Japan