Chapter 4: Muscular System by Meagan Pitoscia https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib Orofacial Anatomy I en-us 2019-01-22 18:18:37 UTC 2019-01-23 01:55:33 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/File.png Key Terms megpitoscia https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323272436 Action: Movement accomplished by a muscle during contraction.
Insertion: End of muscle is attached to more movable structure.
Origin: End of muscle is attached to least moveable structure.

Fehrenbach, M.J., & Herring, S.W. (2017)]]> 2019-01-23 00:36:59 UTC https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323272436 Overview megpitoscia https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323272732 - Insertion of a muscle moves toward the origin where the muscle arises during contraction.
- Muscles shorten under neutral control, causing soft tissue and bony structures to move. 

Fehrenbach, M.J., & Herring, S.W. (2017)]]> 2019-01-23 00:38:59 UTC https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323272732 Sternocleidomastoid Muscle megpitoscia https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323273001 - Paired; largest and most superficial.
- Primary muscular landmark for neck during EO exam.
- Divides neck into anterior and posterior cervical triangles.
- Insertion: Posterior and inferior to external acoustic meatus of each ear.
- If one muscle contracts, the head and neck bend to the ipsilateral side, while the face and anterior part of the neck rotate to contralateral side.
- If both muscles contract, the head will flex at the neck and extend at the junction between the neck and skull.
- Innervation: 11th cranial nerve (accessory)

Fehrenbach, M.J., & Herring, S.W. (2017)]]> 2019-01-23 00:41:13 UTC https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323273001 Trapezius Muscle megpitoscia https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323274491 - Paired, superficial muscle.
- Insertion: Lateral third of the clavicle, pars of scapula.
- Used as base for palpation of cervical lymph nodes during EO exam.
- Innervation: 11th cranial nerve (accessory), 3rd & 4th cervical nerves. 

Fehrenbach, M.J., & Herring, S.W. (2017)]]> 2019-01-23 00:49:40 UTC https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323274491 Scalp Region megpitoscia https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323275898 Epicranial Muscle - Raises eyebrows and scalp ("surprise")
Fehrenbach, M.J., & Herring, S.W. (2017)]]> 2019-01-23 01:00:39 UTC https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323275898 Orbital Region megpitoscia https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323276155 Orbicularis Oculi Muscle - Closes eyelids.
Fehrenbach, M.J., & Herring, S.W. (2017)]]> 2019-01-23 01:02:28 UTC https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323276155 Oral Region megpitoscia https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323276492 Orbicularis Oris - Pressing lips together; tightening/thinning lips; rolling lips inward/thrusting outward.
Buccinator - Assists in mastication.
Risorius - Stretch lips laterally; widen the mouth.
Levator Labii Superioris - Elevates lower lip.
Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi - Elevates upper lip ("sneering")
Zygomaticus Major - Elevates labial commissure (smiling)
Zygomaticus Minor - Elevates upper lip (smiling)
Levator Anguli Oris - Elevates labial commissure (smiling)
Depressor Anguli Oris - Depresses labial commissure (frowning)
Mentalis - Raises chin, protrudes lower lip.
Platysma - Raises skin of neck

Fehrenbach, M.J., & Herring, S.W. (2017)]]> 2019-01-23 01:05:05 UTC https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323276492 Masseter Muscle megpitoscia https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323278249 - Strongest and most superficial.
- Broad, thick, flat muscle on either side of the face, anterior to parotid salivary gland.
- 2 heads: superficial and deep.
- Elevates mandible, raising lower jaw.
- Innervation: Mandibular nerve branch of 5th cranial nerve (Trigeminal)

Fehrenbach, M.J., & Herring, S.W. (2017)]]> 2019-01-23 01:18:42 UTC https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323278249 Temporalis Muscle megpitoscia https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323279063 - Broad, fan-shaped muscle on each side of the head at the temples.
- Elevates and raises the mandible.
- Innervation: Mandibular nerve branch of 5th cranial nerve.

Fehrenbach, M.J., & Herring, S.W. (2017) ]]> 2019-01-23 01:24:18 UTC https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323279063 Medial Pterygoid Muscle megpitoscia https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323279855 - Deepest muscle of mastication.
- Elevates mandible, raising lower jaw.
- Innervation: Mandibular nerve branch of 5th cranial nerve. 

Fehrenbach, M.J., & Herring, S.W. (2017)]]> 2019-01-23 01:29:47 UTC https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323279855 Lateral Pterygoid Muscle megpitoscia https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323280031 - Short, thick.
- Depresses mandible, protrusion during opening of the jaw.
- Innervation: Mandibular nerve branch of 5th cranial nerve. 

Fehrenbach, M.J., & Herring, S.W. (2017) ]]> 2019-01-23 01:30:51 UTC https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323280031 Suprahyoid Muscles megpitoscia https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323280411 - Each muscle elevates the hyoid and/or depresses the mandible.
Digastric
Mylohyoid 
Stylohyoid 
Geniohyoid 

Fehrenbach, M.J., & Herring, S.W. (2017)]]> 2019-01-23 01:33:10 UTC https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323280411 Infrahyoid Muscles megpitoscia https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323280909 - Each muscle depresses the hyoid bone.
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid - Depresses only thyroid cartilage.
Thyrohyoid - Raises thyroid cartilage and larynx. 

Fehrenbach, M.J., & Herring, S.W. (2017)]]> 2019-01-23 01:36:26 UTC https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323280909 Intrinsic Tongue Muscles megpitoscia https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323281615 Superior and Inferior Longitudinal - Change shape of the tongue by shortening/thickening.
Transverse and Vertical - Make tongue long and narrow. 
- Innervation: 12th cranial nerve (hypoglossal)

Fehrenbach, M.J., & Herring, S.W. (2017)]]> 2019-01-23 01:40:48 UTC https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323281615 Extrinsic Tongue Muscles megpitoscia https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323282425 Styloglossus - Retracts tongue.
Genioglossus - Protrudes tongue, depresses parts of tongue.
Hyoglossus - Depresses tongue. 
- All innervated by 12th cranial nerve. 

Fehrenbach, M.J., & Herring, S.W. (2017)]]> 2019-01-23 01:46:51 UTC https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323282425 megpitoscia https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323282846 Stylopharyngeus - Elevates and widens pharynx.
Pharyngeal Constrictor - Raises pharynx/larynx, helps guide food down esophagus.  

Fehrenbach, M.J., & Herring, S.W. (2017)]]> 2019-01-23 01:49:39 UTC https://padlet.com/megpitoscia/so1juzlqjcib/wish/323282846