Error Word Drill is a way to build reading vocabulary and fluency.

1.  When a student misreads a word , write down the error word and date in an Error Word Log.  

2. After reading, write all error words onto index cards. If the student has misread more than 20 different words, use the first 20 words from the log. If the student has misread less than 20 words, choose other words from the Error Word Log to practice.

3. Review the index cards. If the student pronounces a word correctly, remove that card and set it aside. Students must read the word within 5 seconds in order to consider it correct. Student can self-correct as long as it is within 5-seconds.

4. If a student misses a word, say the word and have them repeat it. Then ask "what word?" so they repeat the word again. Put the card with the missed word back at the bottom.

5. Continue this process until all words have been read correctly within 5 seconds.  Then, reshuffle all of the cards and go through the deck again.  This continues until time runs out or the student reads all of the words correctly.

 

1.     Gather two copies of a reading passage.  The reading passage should be appropriately leveled for the students reading ability.  You will also need a pencil and a timer.

2.     The student will read the passage for one minute.  Mark any words that are skipped, misread, or that you tell the student after five seconds.  Count and graph the number of words read correctly in one minute.

3.     Repeat this process three to five times throughout the week.

4.     Choose a new reading passage after the students complete the Repeated Reading three to five times and follow the same steps again.  The reading passages should become more difficult, or easier, to reflect the growth, or lack of growth, that the data shows.

2.     Rate – how quickly words are read. *

3.     Prosody – reading with expression, pitch, stress, and appropriate pauses.

*Accuracy and rate combine to create automaticity.    

 

"Fluency has been clearly identified by substantive research as one of the critical building blocks of reading because fluency is directly related to students’ ability to comprehend” (Hasbrouck, 2010, p. 1).

 

“In essence, reading fluency is a necessary, but insufficient condition, for proficient reading and comprehension” (Young, Mohr, and Rasinski, 2015, p. 67)

 

“There has been a flurry of attention to reading fluency in the last few years because of a growing realization of its importance in reading comprehension” (Wolf, 2017, p.1).

 

“The highly influential Report of the National Reading Panel discusses fluency as one of only five critical components of the reading process” (Pikulski & Chard, 2003, p.1).

 

“Oral reading fluency is one of several critical components required for successful reading comprehension” (Rasplica, & Cummings, 2013, p.1).

 

 

·      Corrective Reading – Applies to grades 3 and higher.

·      Earobics – I used this in a previous school district.  The students hated it and it focuses more on listening.

·      Failure Free Reading – This focuses on third-grade and costs money which is not available.

·      Fast ForWord – This program costs money which is not available.

·      Fluency Formula – This program costs money which is not available.

·      Ladders to Literacy – This is for preschool and kindergarten.

·      Language! – Focuses on 9^th and 10^th grades and costs money which is not available.

·      Lexia Reading – Focuses on kindergarten and 1^st grade and costs money which is not available.

·      Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies (PALS) – This combines partner reading, paragraph shrinking, prediction relay, and re-telling.  This program costs money which is not available.

·      Reading Mastery – Focuses on 4^th and 5^th grades and costs money which is not available.

·      Read Naturally – This is already utilized by my school.

·      Reading Recovery – This focuses on first grade.  My school used to use this program but decided it was too expensive.

·      Sound Partners – Focuses on kindergarten and 1^st grade and costs money which is not available.

·      SpellRead – Focuses on 5^th and 6^th grades and costs money which is not available.

·      Start Making a Reader Today (SMART) – This is a volunteer program that is located in Oregon.

·      SuccessMaker – I used this program in a previous school district.  The students loved it but it is expensive.

 

The strong relationship between fluency and comprehension.

 

Reasons why teachers do not focus on fluency within the classroom.

 

Repeated Reading as an excellent intervention for improving fluency.