Unit 4: Grammar by Laura Polk

Adjective clauses describe a noun or a pronoun.

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1. Actors who perform in stage plays must be able to memorize all their lines.

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adj. clause: who perform in stage plays

2. African elephants, which have larger ears, are bigger than Asian elephants.

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clause: which have larger ears

3. Movie theaters that offer reserved seats and full menus are becoming increasingly popular.

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clause: that offer reserved seats and full menus

4. Ladders, which can be used to paint a house, can be surprisingly dangerous.

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clause: which can be used to paint a house

5. Saltwater aquariums, which can hold sharks, require a lot of maintenance.

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clause: which can hold sharks

1. Emma Watson, who has appeared in all eight Harry Potter movies, knew she wanted to act at the age of six.

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clause: who has appeared in all eight Harry Potter movies

2. Movies that feature superheroes often make a lot of money.

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clause: that feature superheroes

3. George W. Bush, who was the 43rd president of the United States, has taken up painting.

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clause: who was the 43rd president of the United States

4. Teachers can reschedule exams for students who have a good excuse.

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clause: who have a good excuse

5. Nowadays, many people use phone apps that provide directions and traffic information.

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clause: that provide directions and traffic information

6. Shakespeare wrote many plays that were either tragic, humorous, or historical.

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clause: that were either tragic, humorous, or historical

Use THAT or WHICH for things. (THAT is considered more informal)

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Example: The jacket that I bought on sale yesterday already has a tear in it.

Use WHO or THAT for people.

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Example: My friend who missed the lecture borrowed Sam’s notes to review.

Example: The man that I met on the bus today works at the World Bank.

No commas if the information is necessary to clarify WHO or WHAT.

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Example: The company that I worked for in 2018 is shutting down.

Use commas to separate clauses when the info is not necessary to clarify WHO or WHAT.

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Example: My neighbor, who is a realtor, is throwing a party.

WHO, WHOSE, WHOM, THAT, WHICH are all relative pronouns

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Sometimes WHEN and WHERE are used as well.

Adjective clause: online activity

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