and facilitating the learning of the learners.All audio-visual materials have positive contributions to language learning as long as they are used at the right time, in the right place. In the teaching and learning process, learners use their eyes as well as their ears; but their eyes are basic in learning.
Instructional materials are the supplementary materials,
which help the teacher to make his/her presentation
concrete, effective, interesting, meaningful and inspiring. In
any teaching and learning process, instructional materials
play a vital role as they provide sensory experiences to the
learners. The primary aim of teaching materials is to provide
the teachers the layout of the way for teaching in the
classroom.
It is important to understand how to develop instructional
materials. Instructional materials refer to any pre-existing
materials that are being incorporated, as well as to those
that will be specifically developed for the objectives (Haigler,
2014).
There are also several factors to consider in
developing instructional materials:

1. Develop a story board and working outline based on the
subject goals and objectives.
2. Identify existing institutional resources including materials
and teachers’ capability.
3. The teacher may research off the shelf materials that
have been developed by others to determine if their
approach could be useful.
4.Explore the possibility of adapting concepts of other
teachers without infringing on anyone’s copy protected
design.
5. Modify existing materials based on the objectives of the
lesson.
6. If the instructional materials are effective, you can share
them with other teachers.
7. The teacher developer can also sell her/his materials
available.

Example of Non-digital instructional materials