Study guide by

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Communicative Competence- Knowledge of the linguistic and social rules of communication.

Communicative performance- the ability to apply those rules during any communicative act.

Cultural and Social Context

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Language use in classroom conversations is influenced by cultural and social factors. Students may bring diverse linguistic backgrounds, communication styles, and cultural norms into the classroom, enriching discussions and promoting cultural understanding

Language and Language Acquisition

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You live a new life for every language you speak

-Czech Proverb

Background knowledge

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Students grow in the ability to grapple with more complex subject matter.

Academic language differs from day to day conversation in terms of qualities, functions, and linguistic features at the word, phase and discourage levels.

Reading, writing, speaking, and listening all these strategies fall under the umbrella of a sheltered instruction

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Expanding circle includes countries in which English is taught as a second language for international communication purposes but has no role in domestic institutions Japan, China,Russia, and many European and Latin America countries.

Inner circle portrays countries in which English is the primary language , Australia, Canada, The United Kingdom , United States.

Outer circle depicts countries in which English often coexisting with indigenous languages, used in major institutions such as education, civil service and government.

First language

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Our first language is often referred to as the mother tongue

Teachers can assist students by recognizing and honoring their home languages, dialects and ways of speaking.

We all socialize through language and in the process we acquire it.

Three basic theories of first language acquisition

behaviorist- Major learning theory stimulus, response and reinforcement as a basic learning.

Innatist- (Children construct grammar through a process of hypothesis testing).

Interactionist -Caregivers play a critical role in adjusting language ( study the language mothers and caregivers use when caring for infants).

Five Hypothesis

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Acquisition/Learning Krashen identifies as a natural process

Monitor Hypothesis Formal study of language leads to the development of an internal grammar editor or monitor

Natural order Language learners acquire rather than learn the rules language in predictable sequence.

Input second language acquisition is the direct result of learners understanding the target in natural communication.

1 understandable
2 contain grammatical structure
part of the naturally flowing

Affective Filter- Affective or social emotional variables related to second language acquisition.

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Fossilization - some learners may reach a final plateau in second language development without achieving native like fluency.

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Inter language-that exhibit their own evolving rules and patterns.