All about taxation by Zoë Mulligan https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt Rachel and Zoe en-us 2016-10-19 09:36:11 UTC 2016-11-29 16:43:44 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Balance.png zoemulligan119 https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/131724466 2016-10-19 09:40:11 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/131724466 Economic Arguments in favour for students to pay third level fees rachelf14_rf https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/131724719 *Reduced cost for taxpayers.
*Opportunity costs.
*Effect on third level institutions.
*Equitable. 

]]> 2016-10-19 09:41:54 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/131724719 How a government budget could be used to reduce income inequalities zoemulligan119 https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/131725071 ~Welfare benefits could be increased
~Tax changes
~Wealth tax
~Target universal entitlements
~Increase the minimum wage rate]]> 2016-10-19 09:43:48 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/131725071 Economic Arguments against students paying their college tuition. rachelf14_rf https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/131725598 -discourages people from attending.
-reduce skills of population.
-reduced incentive to invest.
-inequitable.
-increased debt levels]]> 2016-10-19 09:46:35 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/131725598 Advantages of household charge to exchequer. rachelf14_rf https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/131894500 -government revenue.
-stable tax
-less need to raise direct taxes/not act as disincentive to work.
-economic.
-ease introduction of property tax.
-easy government planning.]]> 2016-10-19 18:40:02 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/131894500 Economic arguments of lowering Irish income taxation rates. rachelf14_rf https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/131895407 -maintain standards of living.
-Increase participation in the workforce/incentivise the workforce.
-encourage continuation in social partnership.
-maintain/improve competitiveness.
-enable Ireland to attract foreign industry / encourage investment.
-stimulate economic activity.
-discourages the black economy.]]> 2016-10-19 18:42:30 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/131895407 Advantages of the Carbon Tax rachelf14_rf https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/131897341 -Government revenues
-investment in R&D/Encourage innovation
-More efficient use of resources/change consumer behaviour.
-help pay towards our carbon footprint/ environmental protection ]]> 2016-10-19 18:48:18 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/131897341 Disadvantages of the Carbon Tax rachelf14_rf https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/131898522 -Inflationary pressures.
-Loss of competitiveness/ increase costs of production.
-Decrease in the standard of living.
-Regressive form of taxation.]]> 2016-10-19 18:51:39 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/131898522 Considering raising tax revenue through indirect taxation. Advantages and Disadvantages of such a policy. rachelf14_rf https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/131899203 Advantages:
-evasion is more difficult.
-no disincentive to work.
-convenient for taxpayer.
-Used be government to change consumption patterns.
-Acts as a built in stabiliser.
Disadvantages:
-Will increase inflation.
-Regressive/inequitable.
-Revenue collected is not as certain.
- Burden of collection passed to retailers.]]> 2016-10-19 18:53:27 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/131899203 Reasons for increasing tax on cigarettes and alcohol zoemulligan119 https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132020332 ~To discourage smoking/alcohol consumption 
~To reduce health care costs
~To reduce absenteeism from work
~To increase revenue from these taxes
~To specifically target the consumption by young people
~To discourage/limit tax evasion]]> 2016-10-20 11:06:00 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132020332 Impacts on the economy of an increase in motor tax zoemulligan119 https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132020831 ~Increased tax revenue for the local authority
~Reduced disposable income for consumers 
~No incentive for purchasing 'eco-friendly' cars
~Increased costs for businesses
~Possible closure for car dealerships
~Better for the environment]]> 2016-10-20 11:10:03 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132020831 Economic arguments in favour of a reduction in capital expenditure in the Budget zoemulligan119 https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132021297 ~Reduce state borrowing and reduce the national debt
~New infrastructure already in place/fewer bottlenecks
~Private sector is providing necessary infrastructure 
~Spending in line with other European countries]]> 2016-10-20 11:13:33 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132021297 Adam Smiths 4 canons of taxation zoemulligan119 https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132021710 ~EQUITY = tax levied should take into account a persons ability to pay
~ECONOMIC = the costs of collection should be as low as possible
~CERTAINTY =the amount to be paid should be certain and clear 
~CONVENIENCE = the tax should be collected in a way that is convenient for the taxpayer

]]> 2016-10-20 11:16:38 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132021710 Principles which could be considered in a modern tax system zoemulligan119 https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132022298 ~Adam Smith's 4 canons of taxation
~Limited disincentive on work/saving/investing
~Stabilising impact on the economy thus developing into automatic stabilisers
~Tax rates should be consistent with national economic objectives 
~Tax evasion should not be possible]]> 2016-10-20 11:21:27 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132022298 The 'Black Economy' and examples zoemulligan119 https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132023048 ~Definition = all economic activity that goes unrecorded and is not included in the National Income Accounts
eg. •Trading in goods/services in a black market
•People engaged in 'nixers'
•Under-declaration of income]]> 2016-10-20 11:26:38 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132023048 Imposition or Impact of Taxation rachelf14_rf https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132181872 Refers to the person, firm, good/service on which the tax is levied]]> 2016-10-20 18:16:17 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132181872 Incidence of Taxation rachelf14_rf https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132182503 Refers to the individual which actually pays the tax]]> 2016-10-20 18:17:53 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132182503 Tax Wedge rachelf14_rf https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132182986 Is the difference between cost to employer of its employees and the take home pay of the employee as a result of taxation.]]> 2016-10-20 18:19:06 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132182986 Reasons for the growth of the black economy zoemulligan119 https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132197238 ~Reduced disposable incomes
~Higher VAT rates
~Unemployment
~Disillusionment with government policies]]> 2016-10-20 18:55:05 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132197238 Effects of the black economy for the Exchequer zoemulligan119 https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132198506 ~loss of tax revenue
~Increased government expenditure
~Unemployment bill is higher
~Decline in legitimate business
~Pressure on government finances/provision of seervice]]> 2016-10-20 18:58:47 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132198506 What are direct taxes? zoemulligan119 https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132206940 They are taxes on income/wealth/profit 
E.g. Income tax, CPT, DIRT]]> 2016-10-20 19:25:14 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132206940 What are indirect taxes? zoemulligan119 https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132207252 They are taxes on goods/services/spending
E.g. VAT, Excise duties]]> 2016-10-20 19:26:30 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132207252 Advantages of the government increasing VAT (indirect) rates instead of income tax rates zoemulligan119 https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132207619 ~Economic
~Impossible to evade
~Convenient
~No disincentive to work
~Used by government to change consumption patterns
~Acts as a built in stabiliser]]> 2016-10-20 19:27:51 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132207619 Disadvantages of the government increasing VAT (indirect) rates instead of income tax rates zoemulligan119 https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132208704 ~Inflation
~Inequitable/regressive
~May lead to black economy
~Burden of collection passed to retailers/traders
~Revenue uncertain]]> 2016-10-20 19:32:04 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132208704 How a sugar tax imposition could benefit the economy zoemulligan119 https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132209200 ~Revenue for state
~Help fund health initiatives
~Reduce consumption of sugary foods
~Help reduce future health costs/healthier population]]> 2016-10-20 19:34:11 UTC https://padlet.com/zoemulligan119/sl8wq634bklt/wish/132209200