Surveillance: The pervasive surveillance under which all citizens live, symbolized by the omnipresent gaze of Big Brother and the intrusive capabilities of the telescreens.

Control: Through the practice of "doublethink," the Party enforces its reality, forcing citizens to accept two contradictory beliefs simultaneously.

Totalitarianism: The government has full control over everything like behavior, thoughts, beliefs. Personal freedom is nonexistent and the party suppresses individuality and free will to maintain total power.

Technology: It is used a tool of surveillance, oppression, and to spread propaganda. They use devices like telescreens monitoring citizens' every move and thought.

Independence and Identity: The party elimates individuality and independence, forcing citizens to conform to the Party's ideology and surrender their personal identities for their benefit.

Julia: Winston's lover, who also works at the Ministry of Truth. She is younger than Winston and actively opposes the Party's doctrines, particularly those related to personal freedoms and sexuality.

O'Brien: A member of the Inner Party whom Winston initially believes to be a secret rebel but who later reveals himself as a loyal agent of the Thought Police. He plays a pivotal role in Winston's story, particularly in his ultimate downfall.

Big Brother: The symbolic leader of the Party, representing total power and authority. His image is omnipresent, symbolizing the Party’s control over every aspect of life.

Mr. Charrington: The owner of the second-hand store where Winston buys the diary and the glass paperweight. He is later revealed to be a member of the Thought Police, instrumental in setting the trap for Winston and Julia.

Syme: A co-worker of Winston’s at the Ministry of Truth, who is working on the Eleventh Edition of the Newspeak Dictionary. Winston regards him as too intelligent for his own safety, and Syme eventually disappears—likely vaporized due to his intellectual curiosity.

Parsons: Winston’s neighbor and colleague, a fervent Party supporter. He is ultimately betrayed by his own children and arrested by the Thought Police for thoughtcrime.

Katharine: Winston’s estranged wife, who is completely orthodox in her adherence to Party norms. Their relationship is cold and devoid of affection, highlighting the Party’s destructive influence on personal relationships.

Ampleforth: Another of Winston’s colleagues at the Ministry of Truth. He is arrested for leaving the word "God" in a Kipling poem when producing a Newspeak version.

The Proles: Although not a single character, the proletariat (or Proles) represent the majority of Oceania's population, largely ignored by the Party yet symbolically significant to Winston as a hope for the future.

Emmanuel Goldstein: Another figure who exerts an influence on the novel without ever appearing in it. According to the Party, Goldstein is the legendary leader of the Brotherhood. He seems to have been a Party leader who fell out of favor with the regime. In any case, the Party describes him as the most dangerous and treacherous man in Oceania.

Orwell's message highlights the idea of surveillance and the loss of privacy. In the novel, the Party uses advanced technology to monitor its citizens constantly, creating a climate of fear and distrust. This serves as a warning about the potential for authoritarian regimes to strip away individual freedoms in the name of maintaining control.

Additionally, Orwell elucidates the manipulation of language and information as tools of oppression. The Party in "1984" rewrites history, controls the media, and uses propaganda to shape public opinion and erase dissent.