In 1586 the ship NS Del Rosario, set sail to Portuguese Guine and Bissau (nowdays where Guine-Bissau is located), where they would bring African slaves to Americas.The captain of this ship was Juan Martínez de Recalde; he was born in Bilbao C. 1540, and he was a Spanish sailor from the Spanish Armada. And while on the Spanish Armada Wrecks on the Irish coast, he was one of the commanders with prior  experience on the Irish coast. So he was a very experienced spanish sailor.  Among the staff the ship had a capacity of 359 mens 119 sailors and 240 soldiers. But when the ship came to America, instead of sailors slaves were being brought to America. 

Nowdays Spain's GDP per capita is currently at 36,221 USD, which is much greater when compared to Guine-Bissau's GDP 795 USD (2021). Demonstrating the impact that these colonies suffered due to Europeans. 

The Kingdom of Loango was a very significant area of Africa especially during colonial times.  It was dominated by Villi, Congo people that came to the coastal region during the 1300s. But during the 18th century with the Atlantic slave trade Loango changed. The power exerted by someone became based on the number of slaves owned. Slaves were separated, exported one's from domestic ones. 

It is stated to the University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg ``More than one million slaves were traded during the 18th Century on the Loango coastline.” (WITS University). 

Political leaders at the time weren’t involved in the slave trade, instead they would nomiate a person to do the trade on their behalf. The Mafouk, the regulated person, would do the bidding, negotiations and sellings of those slaves; he would be the most powerful man in the kingdom. And so it has been noted that 114 slaves embarked the ship from the Royal African Company during 1702. 

So to compare to today's world we are going to be analysing Congo's GDP per capita which stands at 3,434 USD. That is very low 

The town is located at the narrowest point by the river, causing people to call it “the Peninsula”. It had been very prominent in political and economic history of the Peninsula. The port of Yorktown, where the final battle of the American Revolution for 1781 took place. 

Yorktown served as a major port for other towns like Williamsburg. But during the 18th century it started to decline, and being less and less used leading to the city's collapse.

 It has been recorded that during the years 1727-69, 644 voyages arriving in Virginia with African slaves. This specific voyage, from the Royal African Company, were recorded that from the 114 embarked slaves only 92 disembarked in the York River.

Moreover, American colonies during this time period, would be looking for the opportunity of starting a rebellion. Wheat had displaced tobacco in Virginia. While enslaved that was a shift for new opportunities. Since now they need to work with wheat, which was considered much harder to work with. Leading slaves to have a greater sense of economy and urbanity. 

The enslaved population most of the time lived in small farms in areas that had more contact with white people. 

In the United States, slavery was abolished on December 6, 1815, with the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery in the country. 

Nowdays the United States have their GDP per capita at 70,248 USD, the highest one on this map. This happens because it was the place with the best political stability, resulting in the countries economic growth.

This period was also marked by the beginning of the Industrial Revolution (1760 - 1840) with advancing technology. 

Great Britain also built a strong royal navy helping to protect worldwide trading. 
London was where the voyage of the Royal African Company  , began. Thomas Arnold  was the captain of the ship he was a British Royal Navy Officer, born in 1679 and died in 1737. Also known as the master navigator and made himself known during the battle of Cape Passaro.

England's GDP per capita is currently at 36,100 USD which is the second highest GDP per capita inside this map. That is really impressive, especially in comparison Congo (where the ship stopped on the way to America). This shows the impact that the Transatlatic slave trade had on Africa.

During this time period the Spanish and Portuguese gave up the island and took part in West Central Africa. Leaving the St. Helena area to British and Dutch. Of which had been fighting for the land over the past few years. 
People were mostly brought from East Africa or Madagascar to be enslaved. Africans were being taken out from battlefields, farms and villages, to be eventually sold to European buyers in coastal areas. They were chained so they couldn’t free themselves. In the ship NS del Castillo was recorded 419 Africans embarked in St. Helena's port in direction to Cartagena, Colombia.  For traders in St. Helena, European captains  were required to have a trade license, which would be obtained by paying taxes. 

St. Helena's GDP per capita is today at 8,021 USD, where it is a very good amount when compared with other countries on Africa. Meaning that St. Helena most likely didn't  suffered as much consequence, due to European colonization, as other African countries. But still considerably lower than colonizers (Europeans) current GDP'S per capita. 

During the 19th century, the United States was a new nation. The population increased, and turned into the world’s biggest agricultural and industrial economy. 

America’s president was Thomas Jefferson, in his second term. He also strongly supported ending the slave importation and the separation of church and state. 

The Louisiana purchase had recently happened (1803).

The captain of this ship was Collins and  the passage took about 120 days. Bellona was the ship’s vessel, known as three decker merchantman. 

The city was also developing a lot during the 19th century where new buildings were going up.  

The slave port of Charleston was the biggest one in the United States and so most enslaved Africans passed through the city when they arrived. From this one specifc voyage in 1806 arriving from San Tomé, 201 slaves desembarked the ship.

African slaves were sold in the port and sent to: a house in the city or a plantation (in South Carolina or somewhere else in the U.S.). Plantations in Charleston relied upon slave labor, some plantations had up to 235 enslaved Africans working. Therefore many plantations collapsed after the end of slavery.

South Carolina plant rice  

During 1822 rumors went around about a slave rebellion led by Denmark Vesey, a free person of color, which eventually reached the white elite. Resulting in 35 people being hanged. After this, the city was known by editors and writers as the “capital of Southern Civilization”.

 In Cuba slavery started by the 16th century and lasted until October 7, 1886 when it was abolished by the Spanish royal. 


Cuba's current GDP per capita is at 9,500 USD, which is considered to be avearge when compared to other American countries colonized by Europeans, but it's also almost 9,000 dollar more than where the slaves in this voyage came from (Guine-Bissau) 

Many would die from inhuman conditions, without ventilation, insufficient water, and starvation. In addition to physical violence they would suffer, others would jump off decks throwing themselves off the ship. A survivor from a voyage, Ottobah Cugoano, said “the brutish, base, but fashionable way of traffic" (Gates and Anderson 1998: 369). 

African people have suffered a long way, that needs to be remembered so history won’t repeat itself. So this is a memory of all those who lost their lives and identity  in on of the darkest times in Modern World History.