HIV Padlet by

HIV/AIDS

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HIV

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HIV is Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is considered a retrovirus.

AIDS

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AIDS is Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Symptoms

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-Fevers
-Fatigue
-Rapid Weight Loss
-Nausea
-Diarrhea
-Night Sweats
-Swollen Lymph Nodes
-Genital Soars
-Cold Soars
-Anal Soars

Acute Phase HIV

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Acute Phase HIV is the earliest stage of HIV. After you have been infected with HIV, there is a two to four week period that is known as Acute Phase HIV.

Symptoms

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-Rash
-Fever
-Chills
-Headache
-Sore Throat
-Night Sweats
-Fatigue
-Loss of appetite

Symptoms

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-Diarrhea
-Skin Rashes/Bumps
-Fever
-Weight Loss
-Lesions
-Night Sweats

Chronic HIV (Latent)

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During this phase, CD4 cell numbers decrease, and HIV virus levels increase. Chronic HIV occurs between Acute Phase HIV and onset AIDS.

Life Cycle of HIV

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1.

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Someone (human) exchanges body fluids such as blood and semen. This can occur during sex, sharing needles, during birth, and etc. There is free virus floating around in the blood stream of someone newly infected with HIV. The free virus is called a virion.

2.

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The glycoproteins of the virus connect with the CD4 and CCR5 receptors of a Helper T Cell. The viral envelope of the virus is then fused with cell membrane of the host cell. The contents of the virus is now inside of the cell.

3.

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The two capsid coats, made up of capsomeres, are dissolved and the rest of the contents is now freely floating inside of the Helper T Cells.

4.

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The virus uses reverse transcriptase to convert the single stranded RNA into single stranded DNA and then double stranded DNA.

5.

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Integrase is attached the now double stranded HIV DNA. The DNA goes into the nucleus through a nuclear pore.

6.

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Inside the nucleus of the Helper T Cell, the integrase breaks apart some part of the DNA so that the HIV DNA can integrate into the DNA of the cell. This cell is now infected with HIV.

7.

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The enzyme, protease, helps to break down the protein into 4 different forms that will then travel back to where the virus was imported into the cell.

8.

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The virus then breaks off from the now infected cell to go infect a new cell. This process will keep repeating.

HIV Diagram

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ELISA

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The ELISA, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, tests if there are antibodies in the blood stream who might have HIV.

Fusion Inhibitors

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Someone with HIV could take fusion inhibiting drugs to not allow the fusion of the viral envelope of the virus with the cell membrane of the host cell. The fusion inhibitors in a way put a coat or layer over the virus to not allow it to fuse with the host cell. Theoretically, if everyone took fusion inhibitors, HIV would eventually be eradicated because the people with HIV would eventually die for whatever reason whether it be HIV, AIDS, an immunocompromising disease, or just old age. People without HIV would not be able to become infected with it while on the medication. Sadly, this idea is very idealistic and expensive.

Integrase Inhibitors

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Integrase Inhibitors prevent the now Viral ds DNA from joining into the DNA of a cell.

Protease Inhibitors

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Protease Inhibitors prevents the protease from breaking down the protein for them to travel back to the viral envelope and infecting a new cell.

SIV

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SIV is Simian Immunodeficiency Disease. SIV to chimpanzees and apes is like HIV to humans. It was concluded that at one point, SIV was transferred into humans and evolved into HIV.

Why is it still spreading?

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Socioeconomic Status

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Not everyone has the money to be educated about HIV/AIDS. Also not everyone has the ability to have insurance to be able to get medicine to help treat HIV/AIDS such as Fusion Inhibitors, Integrase Inhibitors, and Protease Inhibitors.

Education

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Not everyone has or chooses to have the education about HIV/AIDS to not become infected with it.

Personal Choice

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Someone may just choose to live a life that puts them at risk of becoming infected with HIV/AIDS. This could be having a job where you are close to HIV, being a drug that requires needles user, or anything else that puts them at risk.

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HIV to AIDS

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Opportunistic Infection

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Opportunistic infections are infections that effect people with weakened immune systems more often than they effect people with strong and healthy immune systems. Some examples are Tuberculosis, Pneumonia, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Kidney Disease, and other STDs.

How to be diagnosed with AIDS

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Someone with HIV can eventually be diagnosed with AIDS. This occurs when many different factors are at play. Someone must have <200 mm³ Helper T Cells, be HIV+, and have an opportunistic infection.

How to speed up or slow down the process of HIV to AIDS

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Someone progressing from HIV to AIDS is not always in their control. Things that could speed up the process would be a bad diet, the virus replicating rapidly, loss of Helper T Cells, lack of access to medicine, and lack of education. The thing though is these are a lot of factors a good amount of people can not control on their own. Access to medicine and education depends on where someone lives and their social status. Not everyone can control where they live or what education they get because they do not the money to live somewhere else or get the education needed to stay safe. If someone does not have much money and lives in not the best place, their access to food would be scarce. Then they can not control their diet. HIV can effect anyone, but it usually effects certain groups of people because of factors they can not control.

HIV Worldwide

sierrapetties — 2019-05-06 12:34:50 UTC

HIV by Age

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