2 elements of transactional: [score]

ESTPs are loved by almost everyone they meet. They have their own brand of humor, and others are drawn to their charisma. They love to be the center of attention. They always try to be straight-forward with others — a trait that others often appreciate — and rarely sugar-coat things.

ESTPs are great problem-solvers. They are very resourceful and are able to adapt easily when necessary. They are able to think critically and logically when making decisions, rarely letting their emotions cloud their judgment. When confronted with a problem, ESTPs try to use the information available to make the best decision, hoping for the best. They place a great deal of trust their own judgement, which is based solely off of unbiased logic and reasoning. They have little tolerance for intuitive judgments. Rather, they prefer to evaluate the information available to them and make a decision quickly.

ESTPs have initiative, and others often describe them as “doers”. They are very competitive, and are always pushing themselves to be the best. This helps them become very successful in life, particularly in their careers.

Weaknesses

Because ESTPs are very detail-oriented, and may have a difficult time thinking about big concepts or theories. They would much rather focus on realistic possibilities that are practical, rather than big ideas with limited practical importance. At times, it may be hard for ESTPs to see the “big picture”, or see too far into the future, and they may get caught up in details of the present moment instead.

ESTPs are not afraid to take risks. In some cases, this can be a positive trait. However, these risk-taking tendencies often make ESTPs prone to making poorly thought-out decisions. They may make irresponsible financial choices—gambling or making impulsive purchases. At times like these, ESTPs often forget about their responsibilities and how their actions may affect others. Aside from this, ESTPs’ impulsiveness may make them prone to difficulties in other areas of their lives. They are constantly seeking new and exciting things, making it hard for an ESTP to focus in school. It is critical that ESTPs continually practice keeping their impulses in check. If ESTPs are able to keep their impulsiveness in check, however, their enthusiasm and charisma will help them become very successful in life.

-engage and pay attention non-verbally
-notice the speaker's non-verbal cues
   2. Active listening involves verbal communication
-ask good questions, and let them fully answer it
-show the other person that you're following them by "that makes sense.", "yeah", "hmm"
   3. Active listening involves responding to what somebody just said
-give an informed response
-follow-up question
   4. Keep the focus on them and let them talk
-it's all about the other person, not you

Spirits of MI:

Core skills of MI:

Processes of MI:

to student, supervisor, placement context and the assessment of competency, but this study did not aim to include these in modelling.

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