[TOPIC] The Nestlé Baby Formula Scandal (1970s - 1980s) by NATHAN JOHN QUIAOIT

“The Baby Killer.”

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 15:48:59 UTC

Muller, Mike. “The Baby Killer.” War on Want. War on Want, March 1974. Accessed February 27, 2025. https://waronwant.org/sites/default/files/THE%20BABY%20KILLER%201974.pdf.

Highlights and explains the infant formula scandal from the 1970s to 1980s.

Infant Formula Science

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 15:49:04 UTC

Ahern, Grace J., A.A. Hennessy, C. Anthony Ryan, R. Paul Ross, and Catherine Stanton. “Advances in Infant Formula Science.” Annual Review of Food Science and Technology 10, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 75–102. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-081318-104308.

Talks about infant formula, its uses, and how it works.

[TOPIC] The Nestlé Baby Formula Scandal (1970s - 1980s)

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 15:49:09 UTC

Nestlé's Marketing and Mortality

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 15:49:14 UTC

Anttila-Hughes, Jesse, Lia Fernald, Paul Gertler, Patrick Krause, Eleanor Tsai, and Bruce Wydick. “MORTALITY FROM NESTLE’S MARKETING OF INFANT FORMULA IN LOW AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES.” NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES, No. 24452 (March 2018). https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w24452/w24452.pdf.

Discusses the infant formula scandal and the mortality effects.

Intersectionality

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 15:49:20 UTC

Collins, Patricia Hill. Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory, 2019. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11hpkdj.

Discusses intersectionality and how it could apply to historical analysis and a framework for historical understanding.

History of Infant Formula

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 15:49:33 UTC

Anderson, Sa, Hi Chinn, and Kd Fisher. “History and Current Status of Infant Formulas.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 35, no. 2 (February 1, 1982): 381–97. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/35.2.381.

Discusses the history of infant formula.

Ethical Challenges for Infant Feeding

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 15:49:38 UTC

Binns, Colin, Mi Lee, and Masaharu Kagawa. “Ethical Challenges in Infant Feeding Research.” Nutrients 9, no. 1 (January 11, 2017): 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9010059.

Discussess the challenges for infant feeding. Involving infant formula.

Necropolitics

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 15:49:43 UTC

Mbembe, Achille. “Necropolitics.” Translated by Libby Meintjes. Public Culture 15, no. 1 (2003): 11–40.

Discusses Necropolitics, basing from Foucault's Biopower.

Corporate Social Responsibility

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 15:49:50 UTC

Baker, James C. “The International Infant Formula Controversy: A Dilemma in Corporate Social Responsibility.” Journal of Business Ethics 4, no. 3 (June 1, 1985): 181–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00705617.

Discusses corporate responsbility for infant formula.

Infant Formula Scandal and the Involvement of Nestlé

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 15:50:31 UTC

Boyd, Colin. “The Nestlé Infant Formula Controversy and a Strange Web of Subsequent Business Scandals.” Journal of Business Ethics 106, no. 3 (August 19, 2011): 283–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0995-6.

Discusses the infant formula scandal and other controversies that involved the corporation, highlighting proper corporate social responsibility

Ethical Issues for Infant Feeding

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 15:50:39 UTC

Binns, Colin W., Mi Kyung Lee, Li Tang, Chuan Yu, Tomiko Hokama, and Andy Lee. “Ethical Issues in Infant Feeding After Disasters.” Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 24, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): 672–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539512453253.

Discusses the issues for infant formula distribution and marketing from governments and corporations.

Ethics Involving Research on Infant Formula Supplementation in Low-Income African Countries

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 15:50:49 UTC

Doherty, Tanya et al., “Questioning the Ethics of International Research on Formula Milk Supplementation in Low-income African Countries,” BMJ Global Health 7, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): e009181, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009181.

Discusses the ethics that involves infant formula supplementation and research in low-income African countries.

Guidlines for Infant Formula

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 15:51:15 UTC

Guo, M., and S. Ahmad. “Formulation Guidelines for Infant Formula.” In Elsevier eBooks, 141–71, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857099150.2.141.

Lists guidelines for infant formula and its requirements.

Delivery Systems of Functional Ingredients in Infant Formulae

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 16:00:51 UTC

Wang, Yanping, Aiqian Ye, Yingying Hou, Yangyi Jin, Xiankang Xu, Jianzhong Han, and Weilin Liu. “Microcapsule Delivery Systems of Functional Ingredients in Infant Formulae: Research Progress, Technology, and Feasible Application of Liposomes.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 119 (November 17, 2021): 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.11.016.

Discusses the operation of infant formula and how it differs from regular breastfeeding and other infant sustenance.

Use of Infant Formula in China

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 16:01:03 UTC

Tang, Li, Andy H. Lee, Colin W. Binns, Yuxiong Yang, Yan Wu, Yanxia Li, and Liqian Qiu. “Widespread Usage of Infant Formula in China: A Major Public Health Problem.” Birth 41, no. 4 (September 17, 2014): 339–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/birt.12132.

Discusses the use of infant formula in China and its downsides.

Infant Formula's Potential Harmfulness

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 16:01:22 UTC

Munblit, Daniel, Helen Crawley, Richard Hyde, and Robert Boyle. “Health and Nutrition Claims for Infant Formula Are Poorly Substantiated and Potentially Harmful.” ResearchGate. BMJ 2020, May 6, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m875.

Discusses infant formula and its potential harmfulness, discusses the details of infant formula.

Illiteracy and Development

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 16:01:26 UTC

Saldanha, Denzil. “Residual Illiteracy and Uneven Development: II: Literacy and Development Characteristics.” Economic and Political Weekly 34, no. 28 (1999): 1907–21. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4408184.

Discusses illiteracy and its direct correlation to development.

Discourses in Breastfeeding

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 16:01:31 UTC

Simon, Jenni. “Formula for Success: Dueling Discourses in the Breastfeeding Battle - ProQuest,” n.d. https://www.proquest.com/openview/4e91ff8d48de41c030e14d015a1cf515/1?cbl=4451209&pq-origsite=gscholar.

Explains different discourses in breastfeeding, and information on the different feeding practices for infants.

Features of Breast Milk and Infant Formula

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 16:01:36 UTC

Martin, Camilia, Pei-Ra Ling, and George Blackburn. “Review of Infant Feeding: Key Features of Breast Milk and Infant Formula.” Nutrients 8, no. 5 (May 11, 2016): 279. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8050279.

Discusses the different features of breast milk and infant formula, different methods and effects.

Cost of Literacy

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 16:01:42 UTC

Lal, B. Suresh. “The Economic and Social Cost of Illiteracy: An Overview.” International Journal of Advanced Research and Innovative Ideas in Education 1, no. 5 (2015): 663–70. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/B-Suresh-Lal/publication/311562787_The_Economic_and_Social_Cost_of_Illiteracy_An_Overview/links/584d1f2e08ae4bc8992c4657/The-Economic-and-Social-Cost-of-Illiteracy-An-Overview.pdf.

Explains the cost of literacy and its effects.

Illiteracy: An Overview

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 16:01:50 UTC

Harman, David. “Illiteracy: An Overview.” Harvard Educational Review 40, no. 2 (July 1, 1970): 226–43. https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.40.2.h62717587734l753.

Provides an overview to illiteracy and how it affects the understanding of infant formula, and how it affects infant mothers.

Monitoring and Regulating the Impacts of the Global Infant Formula

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 16:01:55 UTC

Kent, George. “Global Infant Formula: Monitoring and Regulating the Impacts to Protect Human Health.” International Breastfeeding Journal 10, no. 1 (February 19, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-014-0020-7.

Provides insight into the regulation and monitoring of infant formula globally.

Effects of Illiteracy

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 16:02:03 UTC

Thengal, Niranjan. “SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF ILLITERACY,” June 30, 2013. https://ijobsms.org/index.php/ijobsms/article/view/143.

Discusses the social and economic consequences of illiteracy, how this affect a population.

Infant Formula Handling

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 16:02:08 UTC

Judith Labiner-Wolfe, Sara B. Fein, and Katherine R. Shealy, “Infant Formula–Handling Education and Safety,” PEDIATRICS 122, no. Supplement_2 (October 1, 2008): S85–90, https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-1315k.

Discusses the proper handling and safety of infant formula.

Illiteracy in Postcolonial West Africa

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 16:02:12 UTC

Quist, Hubert Oswald. “Illiteracy, Education and National Development in Postcolonial West Africa: A Re-Appraisal.” Africa Development / Afrique et Développement 19, no. 4 (1994): 127–45. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24486872.

Discusses illiteracy in postcolonial West Africa, provides insight into how illiteracy affected society and the comprehension of health requirements.

Illiteracy on Infant Mortality in Underdeveloped Countries

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 16:02:25 UTC

Flegg, A. T. “Inequality of Income, Illiteracy and Medical Care as Determinants of Infant Mortality in Underdeveloped Countries.” Population Studies 36, no. 3 (November 1, 1982): 441–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.1982.10405597.

Discusses how illiteracy affects and correlates with infant mortality within underdeveloped countries.

Illiteracy and How It Became a Problem

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 16:02:29 UTC

Donald, James. “HOW ILLITERACY BECAME A PROBLEM (AND LITERACY STOPPED BEING ONE).” The Journal of Education 165, no. 1 (1983): 35–52. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42772844.

Discusses illiteracy and how it affects society.

Problems of Illiteracy in Literacy-Developing Society

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 16:02:32 UTC

Gunawardena, Chandra. “Problems of Illiteracy in a Literacy-Developing Society: Sri Lanka.” International Review of Education 43, no. 5/6 (January 1, 1997): 595–609. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1003010726149.

Discusses the problems of illiteracy in developing countries, taking into account Sri Lanka and the effects.

Health Risks Associated with the Consumption of Infant Formula

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 16:02:42 UTC

Boué, Géraldine, Enda Cummins, Sandrine Guillou, Jean-Philippe Antignac, Bruno Le Bizec, and Jeanne-Marie Membré. “Public Health Risks and Benefits Associated With Breast Milk and Infant Formula Consumption.” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 58, no. 1 (February 6, 2016): 126–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1138101.

Discusses the health risks associated with the consumption of infant formula and how it affects infants.

Child Rights Involving Health

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 16:02:52 UTC

“Convention on the Rights of the Child.” UNICEF, November 20, 1989. Accessed May 23, 2025. https://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/pdf/crc.pdf.

Highlights the rights that must be exercised for child health.

Infant Formula Marketing

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 16:02:55 UTC

“Controversy Over the Regulations of Infant Milk Formula Marketing From 1970s to 2000s: An Analysis on the Use of Evidence in Health Policymaking - LSE Research Online,” n.d. https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/120038/.

Discusses infant formula marketing form the 1970s to the 2000s.

Infant Formula:

nathanquiaoit — 2025-05-24 16:23:47 UTC

Use
Purpose
Guidelines