*Resource: “Platicas”

        -Gatherings/Trainings that allow educators to discuss topics of interest and current issues, related to Latino students. Platicas often include panel presentations, guest speakers, and networking. 

*Link: https://amaeoxnard.wordpress.com/platicas/

*Reference: Association of Mexican American Educators. (2019, August 23). "Platicas". Retrieved May 02, 2020, from https://amaeoxnard.wordpress.com/platicas/

o   This article follows the court case, Martinez v. the State of New Mexico.

o   Case is considered a comprehensive educational opportunity case. 

o   Claims the school system underfunds programs related to low income, ELL students, and students with disabilities. Therefore, violating students’ rights to fundamental and sufficient education. 

o   Discusses educational hurdles ELL students face, the importance of multicultural education, and funding.

* Link: https://amaejournal.utsa.edu/index.php/AMAE/article/view/237/228

* Reference: Torres-Valasquez, Rodriguez, Hinojoas, & Bono. (2019). Education, Law, and the Courts: Communities in the Struggle for Equality and Equity in Public Education. Retrieved from,  https://amaejournal.utsa.edu/index.php/AMAE/article/view/237/228

o   This article highlights the changes to Every Student Succeeds Act. 

-Schools will have to create uniform classification/ identification requirements.  

-While testing can be exempt for some ELL students, schools are encouraged, due to new incentives 

-Schools are now requires to make ELL part of Title 1 frameworks, which could offer more funding for schools. 

-Schools are now required to report long term ELL students. 

*Reference: Mathewson, T. (2016, October 18). 4 ways ESSA will change how schools serve ELL students. Retrieved from,  https://www.educationdive.com/news/4-ways-essa-will-change-how-schools-serve-ell-students/428266/

*Link: https://www.educationdive.com/news/4-ways-essa-will-change-how-schools-serve-ell-students/428266/

 

*Statutory Law 

*Link: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/20/6812

*The purpose of this act is to insure all English Language Learners have the support they need to learn English and achieve high academic standards. This includes providing support for teachers, administrators, and staff. Also, this act is in place to help promote family and community involvement to offer the student a holistic approach to learning English. 

*Judicial Law

*Link: https://web.stanford.edu/~hakuta/www/LAU/IAPolicy/IA1bCastanedaFullText.htm

*This court case established standards for English Language Learning programs. It states that programs must be based in educational theory or research, the practices must be put into action, and the program must be stopped if the program fails to produce results. These three things are called the Castañeda Test.

 

*Statutory Law 

*Link: https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/ED/htm/ED.29.htm#B

*This education code is establishes that English is the basic language of Texas. Therefore, Texas public schools most offer ample opportunity for students to learn English. This code also provides guideline for establishing the program, expectations, program content, enrollment, facility, evaluation, and staffing requirements. 

*Administrative Law 

*Link: http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/rules/tac/chapter089/ch089bb.html

*This code sets the standards for school districts in Texas. It concludes that school districts must identify English Language Learners based on a set of criteria put out by the state, provide bilingual and ESL programs, seek appropriate certified teachers, and asses that essential knowledge and skills are being met with rigor. 

*Local Administrative Law

*Link: https://www.sierrablancaisd.net/cms/lib6/TX01917311/Centricity/Domain/93/2018-19%20Student%20Handbook.docx
*The SBISD Handbook holds SBISD accountable for providing services to Bilingual and ESL services to students in need. It also let the parents and student know the procedure for obtaining services, the job of the Language Proficiency Assessment Committee (LPAC), and what services can be offered to students. 

*A. 1. Supporting Student Development 

o   h . Provide effective, responsive interventions to address student needs.

*Reference: American School Counselor Association. (2016). ASCA Ethical Standards for School Counselors. Retrieved from https://www.schoolcounselor.org/asca/media/asca/Ethics/EthicalStandards2016.pdf

*Link:https://www.schoolcounselor.org/asca/media/asca/Ethics/EthicalStandards2016.pdf

*This book is a reference guide for best practices to use when creating a holistic approach for teaching ELL students. The book gives lesson plans, educational strategies, how to communicate with parents, and much more. 

*Reference: Ferlazzo, L., & Hull-Sypnieski, K. (2012). The ESL/ELL teacher's survival guide ready-to-use strategies, tools, and activities for teaching English language learners of all levels. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

1.     Identify students based on requirements. 

2.     Create programs that are based in educational theory or best practices. Also, make sure you meet the need of that, individual, student. 

3.     Stay vigilant on monitoring and assessing students. 

4.     Have a transitional goal, strategy, and support.

5.     Build parent, student, and educator relationships.

6.     Stay current on issues, regulations, and requirements for ELL students. 

Adaptations for Special Populations, Texas Administrative Code § 39. http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/rules/tac/chapter089/ch089bb.html

Bilingual Education and ESL Programs, T.E.C § 29.051-29.064. https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/ED/htm/ED.29.htm#B

Castañeda v. Pickard 1981, 648 F. 2d 989. https://web.stanford.edu/~hakuta/www/LAU/IAPolicy/IA1bCastanedaFullText.htm

English Language Learners (All Grade Levels) 2019,  SBISD Handbook § 43. https://www.sierrablancaisd.net/cms/lib6/TX01917311/Centricity/Domain/93/2018-19%20Student%20Handbook.docx

Language Magazine. (2018, November 10). 1 in 4 Students is an English Language Learner: Are We Leaving Them Behind? Retrieved from https://www.languagemagazine.com/2018/10/22/1-in-4-students-is-an-english-language-learner-are-we-leaving-them-behind/

Mathewson, T. (2016, October 18). 4 ways ESSA will change how schools serve ELL students. Retrieved from https://www.educationdive.com/news/4-ways-essa-will-change-how-schools-serve-ell-students/428266/

The Equal Educational Opportunity Act 1974, 20 U.S.C§ 6812. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/20/6812

Torres-Valasquez, Rodriguez, Hinojoas, &, Bono. (2019). Education, Law, and the Courts: Communities in the Struggle for Equality and Equity in Public Education. Retrieved from https://amaejournal.utsa.edu/index.php/AMAE/article/view/237/228