https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq ERQ en-us 2020-09-10 15:01:56 UTC 2020-09-14 15:27:36 UTC hello@padlet.com 33noracolu1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735512709 The biological approach states that altruism is genetic and is ultimately about the survival of the species through Kin Selection Theory and Inclusive Fitness that describe the idea of shared genetics and that being the reason why we help each other]]> 2020-09-10 15:27:32 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735512709 49mahasidi1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735513098 Field studies:  Levine et al (2001)
In 23 large cities a series of field experiments took place. People were given the opportunity to help a pedestrian that dropped pen, a man  on crutches who dropped magazines, and a blind person cross the street. The rate of helping was stable across all scenarios, however culture played a large part in who helped. There was also a tie to a country’s economic productivity. In Brazil there was  a 93% helping rate, but in a more economically developed place like Malaysia, its rate was 40%.]]> 2020-09-10 15:27:36 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735513098 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735515199 Should probably talk about Beaman et al (1978)]]> 2020-09-10 15:27:58 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735515199 79samumaha1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735515892 Contrasting kin selection theory and social exchange theory. Kin selection theory is the degree of altruism depends on the genetic similarity of people in a group. Inclusive fitness can be used to back up this argument. Inclusive fitness is the drive to help others with similar genetics in order for them to pass on their genes. For the social exchange theory the empathy-altruism model can back up this argument]]> 2020-09-10 15:28:05 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735515892 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735516601 kids were primed with more empathy building activities to see effect in playing in playground. Those who underwent training showed less aggressive behavior and more likely to intervene in bullying situations
-Alexis]]> 2020-09-10 15:28:13 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735516601 09jacocast1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735519966 Toi and Batsons values and limitations vs Warneken's values and limitations]]> 2020-09-10 15:28:51 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735519966 92lindfoss1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735521574 2020-09-10 15:29:08 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735521574 81marymoor2 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735521876 2020-09-10 15:29:11 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735521876 38halllane1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735523854 When exploring pro social behavior you can look at it through many different lenses. Biologicaly many would argue that we are more prone to helping people related to us, The Kin Selection Theory. However you can also look at it through the Sociocultural lense and say that people will help someone if they think that someday that person will be able to do a favor for them, The Social Exchange Theory. ]]> 2020-09-10 15:29:34 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735523854 38theobroc1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735527054 2020-09-10 15:30:08 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735527054 29drewtrib1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735529270 2020-09-10 15:30:32 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735529270 51vivifora1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735529868 talk about inclusive fitness and mirror neurons]]> 2020-09-10 15:30:38 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735529868 53jacqhold1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735530260 Arousal-cost-reward model  argues that arousal is the motivational factor because when something is unpleasant, the bystander is motivated to reduce it, but before helping, the individual will assess possible costs and rewards associated with helping or not.Kin selection theory takes on a biological approach whereas the arousal cost reward model takes on a more sociocultural approach]]> 2020-09-10 15:30:42 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735530260 89zurihigh1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735530445 Psychological Explanations: The empathy-altruism model-people can experience two types of emotions when they notice someone suffering. One is person distress (anxiety and fear) which leads to egotistic helping and the other is empathic concern (compassion and empathy) which leads to altruistic behavior
Biological Explanations: Kin selection Theory: predicts that the degree of altruism depends on the genetic similarity of individuals in a group. The closer to the genetic relationship between the helper and those needing help, the greater the chance for altruistic behaviour]]> 2020-09-10 15:30:44 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735530445 57kylireyn2 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735530959 Lab studies: Latané (1969)- confounding variables can be better controlled, but less ecological validity. This study involved interviewing participants over an intercom system. The independent variable was the number of other students they were told they were being interviewed with. During the interview, the other participant voice (they were either told there was one, two, or four other people) acted as though they were having a seizure, and the dependent variable was how fast or if the participant reacted to help at all.]]> 2020-09-10 15:30:50 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735530959 69sullclem1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735533453 Definitely discuss studies pertaining to the 3 approaches mentioned above. Overall there are also S+W of studying prosocial behavior that can be explored.]]> 2020-09-10 15:31:17 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735533453 29sophjame1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735535629 Social exchange theory- human relationships are based on a subjective cost-reward analysis. Arousal-cost reward model- emotional arousal is motivational factor for helping in order to reduce unpleasantness ]]> 2020-09-10 15:31:40 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735535629 29drewtrib1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735536870 2020-09-10 15:31:53 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735536870 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735538389 manipulated participants' level of empathy to see influence on liklihood of helping. used different words when asking participants to examine an interview (listen vs imagine how the person felt)
-Alexis]]> 2020-09-10 15:32:09 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735538389 51vivifora1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735539499 inclusive gene theory: people help people with similar genes to increase their gene pool]]> 2020-09-10 15:32:20 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735539499 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735542247 Surveys: Banyard et al (2005) surveys provide exact quantitative data to make clear distinctions, however the ecological validity of survey data is questionable. Surveys do not measure actual behavior, but instead propose hypothetical situations meaning the do not accurately predict how the participant will behave in a real-life situation of Social Responsibility.]]> 2020-09-10 15:32:46 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735542247 43jameharr1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735546343 The biological approach to prosocial theory states that people engage in prosocial and altruistic behavior due to genetic/biological factors. ]]> 2020-09-10 15:33:27 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735546343 33noracolu1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735549522 1. Marsh and the kidney donations and MRI's
2. w/ the rats and how they help each other (but in dif. conditions)

]]> 2020-09-10 15:33:59 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735549522 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735552156 used a field study to examine sociocultural factors in helping on the New York Subway. Ecological validity was high due the field experiment used, many people involved and therefore good for examining social responsibility
- Alexis]]> 2020-09-10 15:34:26 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735552156 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735557210 Contrasting between the biological approach and the cognitive approach by comparing the kin-selection theory, which argues that altruistic behavior is dependent on genetic similarity between individuals and the social exchange theory which argues that altruistic behavior is based on a cost-reward analysis. ]]> 2020-09-10 15:35:19 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735557210 47ninasila1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735561144 Pluralistic ignorance, the combination of informational and normative social influences causing a person not to act when given an opportunity to help to remain in a non-helping group, is another factor that can contribute to bystanderism.]]> 2020-09-10 15:35:58 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735561144 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735564758 On the biological approach, Marsch examined whether extrordinary altruists, those who donated a kidney, were more likely to exhibit a larger size of their right amygdala and faster responses to fearful expressions. He used an fMRI and MRI for this.
- Alexis ]]> 2020-09-10 15:36:38 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735564758 42connbeas1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735573745 Could be used to evaluate the extent to which findings can be generalized to other cultures]]> 2020-09-10 15:38:14 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735573745 33noracolu1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735576906 Potentially smth about Dawkins Selfish Gene Theory and how that discusses the safety of the group-- is it even altruism? or a subconscious genetic response]]> 2020-09-10 15:38:49 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735576906 67yildderi1 https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735591566 2020-09-10 15:41:31 UTC https://padlet.com/daltizer4/sguvpvcm2vzl9rbq/wish/735591566