https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26 DNA, Replication, & Photo Synthesis en-us 2023-01-24 16:23:54 UTC 2026-02-25 05:32:08 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f9ec.png sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454949592 3 Parts
1. 5 Carbon Sugar
2. 1 Phosphate Group
3. 1 of 4 Nitrogen Bases

]]> 2023-01-24 16:28:42 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454949592 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454951399 A = Adenine
T = Thymine
G = Guanine
C - Cytosine
- A with T (Double Hydrogen Bond)
"Always Together"
- G with C (Triple Hydrogen Bond)
"Good Couple"


]]> 2023-01-24 16:29:48 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454951399 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454955313 Purine; Adenine and Guanine (Bigger)
2 C.N. Rings
Pyrimidine; Thymine and Cytosine (Smaller)
1 C.N. Ring]]> 2023-01-24 16:32:13 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454955313 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454960370 - "Discovered" the structure of the DNA in 1953.
- They won a Nobel Prize for their "work" in 1962.
- Named the model they "found" the Double-Helix (twisted ladder).

]]> 2023-01-24 16:34:55 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454960370 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454965915 - Did the work to find the structure of DNA.
- Was exposed to a lot of radiation while finding Photo 51 (revealing the structure of DNA) which was stolen by Wilkins and shown to Watson and Crick.
- Was never honored or credited since she died early of cancer.]]> 2023-01-24 16:37:43 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454965915 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454978280 Base Pairing Rules
- Adenine + Thymine amounts are the same.
- Guanine + Cytosine amounts are the same.
- Purine Amount = Pyrimidine Amount

]]> 2023-01-24 16:44:42 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454978280 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454979882 2023-01-24 16:45:38 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454979882 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454984658 DNA - Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid 
*In all organisms
*Each individual has unique DNA (not clones or identical twins, though).]]> 2023-01-24 16:48:17 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454984658 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454990631 - "Outsides of the ladder" alternates sugar and phosphate.
- Covalent bonds connect sugar and phosphate.
- Sugars attach to the bases with covalent bonds
- 2 bases (1 big, 1 small) make up the "rungs of the ladder".

]]> 2023-01-24 16:51:37 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454990631 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454994017 - A permanent change in DNA caused by mutagens.
- Mutagens can be viruses, high body temperatures, chemical exposure, or radiation exposure.]]> 2023-01-24 16:53:35 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454994017 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454995339 - No effect
- Beneficial
- Genetic disorder
- Cancer
*Silent Mutations - No effect due to no amino acid change.]]> 2023-01-24 16:54:25 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454995339 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454997900 - Cystic Fibrosis; Single base pair change causes sticky and thick mucus build-up in the lungs.
- Sickle Cell Anemia; Single base pair change causes red blood cells to be sharp and misshapen, making blood-flow a painful experience.]]> 2023-01-24 16:55:56 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454997900 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454999241 2023-01-24 16:56:44 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2454999241 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2455001372 2023-01-24 16:58:01 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2455001372 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2455003218 2023-01-24 16:59:02 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2455003218 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456372467 - DNA making an exact copy of itself.
- Mutation = A mistake in DNA replication.
*Not all mutations are bad.
- DNA always forms in the 5' to 3' direction.
- Carbons are numbered 1' to 5'.
- Strands are opposite/anti-parallel.]]> 2023-01-25 16:00:05 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456372467 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456376054 - Humans have 46 chromosomes in their bodies.
- Chromatin = Long, thin, and uncoiled DNA.
- Chromosomes = DNA wrapped around a protein.]]> 2023-01-25 16:02:22 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456376054 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456378001 1. When your cells divide.
2. When you grow.
3. Replace cells old or worn out.
4. To fix broken bones.
5. When you get a concussion or bruises.
6. To fix cuts, blisters, or wounds.]]> 2023-01-25 16:03:37 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456378001 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456380027 - Helicase; unwinds + zips DNA.
- Primase; tells the DNA polymerase where to start.
- DNA Polymerase; matchmaker, proofreader, and gets ride of primer.
- Ligase; acts like glue.]]> 2023-01-25 16:04:57 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456380027 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456383652 Continuous
1. DNA unwinds and unzips.
2. Primase makes a tiny RNA primer for direction.
3. DNA polymerase pairs up new nucleotides with the old strand.

]]> 2023-01-25 16:06:58 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456383652 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456386103 Discontinous
1. Helicase unwinds and unzips.
2. Primase makkes a tiny RNA primer.
3. DNA polymerase lays down new nucleotides.
4. Okazaki strands are formed.
5. Polymerase gets rid of primers.
6. Ligase acts like glue and connects the primase.]]> 2023-01-25 16:08:26 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456386103 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456387307 - 2 identical DNA strands.
- Each strand is 1/2 old and 1/2 new.
- Semi-conservative.]]> 2023-01-25 16:09:11 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456387307 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456392821 In the lagging strand since the DNA polymerase lays down new nucleotides away from the replication fork, a bunch of little fragments are made. The DNA polymerase needs to keep going back, making multiple strand instead of 1 single strand.]]> 2023-01-25 16:12:21 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456392821 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456398698 2023-01-25 16:15:51 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456398698 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456401339 2023-01-25 16:17:28 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456401339 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456402566 2023-01-25 16:18:12 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456402566 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456404706 - Protein Synthesis is making new proteins.
- This process includes 2 parts; transcription and translation.

]]> 2023-01-25 16:19:38 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456404706 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456405810 - To "write across".
- Happens 1st in the nucleus.
- Includes splitting the DNA, making mRNA, and leaving the nucleus to go to the ribosome.]]> 2023-01-25 16:20:17 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456405810 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456406919 - To "change the language".
- Happens 2nd in the ribosome.
- Includes the reading of the mRNA, matching up the codons and anti-codons, and assembling the amino acid chain.

]]> 2023-01-25 16:20:58 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456406919 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456412517 - There are 64 possible combinations of codons.
- There are only 20 possible amino acids.
- Multiple codons can code for 1 amino acid.

]]> 2023-01-25 16:24:16 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456412517 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456414831 - tRNA are specific.
- It carries the anti-codon and only 1 amino acid.]]> 2023-01-25 16:25:22 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456414831 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456416322 1. 3 Bases in DNA = Triplet
2. 3 Bases in mRNA = Codon
3. 3 Bases in tRNA = Anti-codon]]> 2023-01-25 16:26:17 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456416322 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456418016 When these codons are read, the process starts/stops.
AUG = Start
UAA = Stop
UAG = Stop
UGA = Stop]]> 2023-01-25 16:27:10 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456418016 sabrinamiguel26 https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456420253 The amino acid chain makes up a completed polypeptide chain. The completed polypeptide chain is what makes up a protein.]]> 2023-01-25 16:28:30 UTC https://padlet.com/sabrinamiguel26/sgsfc904xr2s4u26/wish/2456420253