Sacrifices are motivated by parent's aspirations.

Engagement involves greater risk due to undocumented status - HIGH COST.

Connections to Lopez article - Looks different - celebrating cultural capital. Non-traditional engagement.

Family engagement is crucial for student success during the transition to high school

Family engagement often declines in high school without proactive outreach.

Effective practices include orientation events, clear communication, and family-educator interactions.

Schools benefit from structured, continuous improvement plans to engage families

Key strategies: structured engagement plans, two-way communication, parent resources, and ongoing evaluation.

Teacher stability reflects

the control teachers have over their work environments.

Schools that have inclusive leadership and a strong sense of collaboration.

Achievement for All (AfA) was successful in narrowing the achievement gap between students with and without Special Education Needs & Disabilities.

3 Main Strands in AfA - Assessment Tracking & Interventions; Structured conversations with families (1 hour; 3x/year); Wider Outcomes (Attendance, behavior & relationships).

Structured Conversations most successful strand and considered to be essential.

Parent Teacher Home Visits (PTHV) focuses on implicit bias and midset shifts. We all have implicit bias. It is part of cognition, but can be changed.

As a result of PTHV Families saw educators as approachable partners which led to more convidence in reaching out. Educators moved away from deficit-based assumptions and saw families care and concern for their children, increasing their empathy and understanding.

This resulted in an educator behavior changes - more empathetic discipline approaches and more regularly incorporating student interests and cultural backgrounds in class procedures.