P5 - Land, Contact, and Conflict Text Discussion by Timothy Graham https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew Why is land so important in history? How was land taken? Why? By whom? en-us 2021-11-08 02:01:35 UTC 2023-03-05 20:49:01 UTC hello@padlet.com Land is Life tgraham225 https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773884 2021-11-08 02:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773884 Bacon's Rebellion tgraham225 https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773886 2021-11-08 02:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773886 Northwest Ordinance -1787 tgraham225 https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773888 The Northwest Ordinance, adopted July 13, 1787, by the Confederation Congress, chartered a government for the Northwest Territory, provided a method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory, and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory. The Northwest Ordinance spelled out a plan that was subsequently used as the country expanded to the Pacific.

"Art. 3. Religion, morality, and knowledge, being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged. The utmost good faith shall always be observed towards the Indians; their lands and property shall never be taken from them without their consent; and, in their property, rights, and liberty, they shall never be invaded or disturbed, unless in just and lawful wars authorized by Congress; but laws founded in justice and humanity, shall from time to time be made for preventing wrongs being done to them, and for preserving peace and friendship with them."


]]> 2021-11-08 02:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773888 Indigenous Land - ca. 1800 tgraham225 https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773892 2021-11-08 02:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773892 Thomas Jefferson tgraham225 https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773893 2021-11-08 02:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773893 Tecumseh's speech to the Osages tgraham225 https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773894 2021-11-08 02:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773894 Map of Indian Removal Act & Trail of Tears - 1830 tgraham225 https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773895 2021-11-08 02:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773895 James Polk Declares War w/ Mexico - 1845 tgraham225 https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773897 As the expansionist eleventh President of the United States, James K. Polk was perhaps more responsible than any other single person for setting the boundaries of what came to be the American West. 

Polk advocated the annexation (ie seizure, occupation) of Oregon and Texas, although either measure might well mean a war, and once elected he went on to implement his plans for expansion. Through a combination of military threats and diplomacy, Polk managed to arrive at a compromise with England that set the 49th parallel as the Oregon Territory's northern boundary. Acquiring the rest of the West was a more bloody affair, and the newly admitted state of Texas was at the heart of the matter.
 
Although thousands of Spanish and Mexican documents showed that Texas' western boundary had traditionally been the Nueces River, Polk backed the Texans' claim that their western border was the Rio Grande. Since Texas claimed the river all the way to its source, their position implied that half of present-day New Mexico and Colorado was rightfully theirs. The Mexican government found this unacceptable and refused the United States' offer of about forty million dollars for New Mexico and California. When U.S. General Zachary Taylor led an army across the disputed area to the banks of the Rio Grande in 1846, Mexican troops attacked his units and killed sixteen of his men. Polk seized upon this incident as proof of Mexican treachery, and quickly secured a declaration of war from Congress.
 
Although the United States ultimately defeated Mexico's poorly-armed troops in some of the most destructive warfare ever witnessed to that time, the acquisition of the West was, ironically, little help to Polk. The inescapable issue of slavery soon darkened the nation's expansionist prospects, as Congress took up legislation that would prohibit slavery in all newly-acquired territories. The United States, though larger and richer with the discovery of gold in California, was on the road to civil war. 

]]> 2021-11-08 02:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773897 Manifest Destiny and Texas tgraham225 https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773899 The Texas annexation was the 1845 annexation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America, which was admitted to the Union (the US) as the 28th state on December 29, 1845. 
 
John O’Sullivan on the Annexation of Texas
 It is time now for all opposition to annexation of Texas to stop. . . Texas is now ours. She is no longer to us a mere geographical space. She is no longer to us a mere country on the map.... The time has come for everyone to stop treating Texas as an alien, and to stop thwarting our policy and hampering our power, limiting our greatness and checking the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.

]]> 2021-11-08 02:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773899 Oregon Land Donation Act 1850-1855 tgraham225 https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773900 The Oregon Land Donation Act was passed by Congress in 1850. Under the act, white male citizens were entitled to 320 acres and their wives were eligible for 320 acres: 
“granted to every white settler or occupant of the public lands, American half-breed Indians included, above the age of 18 years, being a citizen of the United States, or having made a declaration according to law of his intention to become a citizen.” 
In effect, the Oregon Donation Land Law benefited incoming whites and dispossessed Indians of their lands.

While the Donation Land Law explicitly excluded African Americans and Hawaiians, the act validated white settler claims in the Willamette Valley and attracted an in-rush of people to the Umpqua and Rogue valleys. In the Willamette Valley, Indian bands in the Rogue Valley were still numerous and resisted the incursions of whites, especially miners, in the 1850s. The consequence was something akin to a race war in 1852 and 1853, with white volunteer forces ruthlessly driving Indians from their traditional hunting and gathering grounds. Regular U.S. Army troops eventually removed most of the surviving bands to the newly established coastal reservation.  By the time the law expired in 1855, approximately 30,000 white immigrants had entered Oregon Territory, with some 7,000 individuals making claims to 2.5 million acres of land. Oregon’s population increased from 11,873 in 1850 to 60,000 by 1860.


]]> 2021-11-08 02:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773900 Washington Territory tgraham225 https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773902 2021-11-08 02:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773902 The Homestead Act - 1862 tgraham225 https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773903 2021-11-08 02:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773903 Portland - Map of Land Claims (from Land Donation Act) tgraham225 https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773904 One important influence on Portland's transportation system was the Donation Land Claim law which allowed people to claim property, up to 320 acres if they were married, by building a house on it and living on it for 5 years. 

























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]]> 2021-11-08 02:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773904 Oregon "Trail of Tears" - 1857 tgraham225 https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773905 "The Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde were formed when the U.S. government forced member Tribes to cede their ancestral lands and created the 60,000-acre Grand Ronde Reservation in Oregon’s Coast Range. Beginning in February 1857, federal troops forced native people to march from a temporary reservation at  Table Rock in southern Oregon 263 miles north across rough terrain to the newly created Grand Ronde Reservation.

Thus began Oregon’s “Trail of Tears.” The Rogue River and Chasta Tribes were the first to be removed from their aboriginal lands. They were joined by members of other Tribes and bands as the march passed other tribal homelands. The journey took 33 days and many died along the way.

Similar forced marches northward befell the natives of the Umpqua and Willamette valleys as well as several bands brought along the coastal trail from Port Orford to Siletz during the summer. ‘It almost makes me shed tears to listen to them as they totter along, observed Lt. E.O.C. Ord who witnessed one of these removals.

“Left behind were the bones of parents, grandparents, and ancestors, ages-old villages and fisheries, and a way of life well-tuned to the rhythms of a beautiful land.”

From Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde 
https://www.grandronde.org/history-culture/history/trail-of-tears/

]]> 2021-11-08 02:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773905 Battle of the Little Bighorn tgraham225 https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773908 2021-11-08 02:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773908 Transfer of Land between Indigenous communities to White European Settlers 1784 - 1895 tgraham225 https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773909 2021-11-08 02:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773909 US Dept of the Interior Advertisement - 1911 tgraham225 https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773910 2021-11-08 02:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773910 Listen to short 3 min interview w/ Mapmaker Aaron Carapella tgraham225 https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773912 2021-11-08 02:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873773912 Settler Colonialism tgraham225 https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873806548 Settler colonialism is a form of colonialism that seeks to replace the original population of the colonized territory with a new society of settlers.[1] As with all forms of colonialism, it is based on domination. Settler colonialism is enacted by a variety of means ranging from violent depopulation of the previous inhabitants to more subtle, legal means such as assimilation or recognition of indigenous identity within a colonial framework.[3] Settler colonialism contrasts with exploitation colonialism, which entails a national economic policy of conquering a country to exploit its population as cheap or free labor and its natural resources as raw material. In this way, settler colonialism lasts indefinitely, except in the rare event of complete evacuation or settler decolonization.
- Wikipedia]]> 2021-11-08 02:17:07 UTC https://padlet.com/tgraham225/sg5vz9wx9imwmgew/wish/1873806548