Briefly holds sensory input (0.5-2 sec).

Example: Catching a glimpse of a word.

Short-Term Memory

Holds Info temporarily (15-30 sec).

Used for: Directions, holding a phone number.

Long-Term Memory

Stores info for extended periods through repetition & meaning.

Includes declarative (facts) and procedural (skills).

In the Brain: Learning creates new neural pathways. Repetition and emotion strengthen them into long-term memory.

Transfer: Applying knowledge to new tasks or settings.

Example: Learning fractions in class > using them to split a pizza.

Learning sticks best when it's relevant, active, and connected to prior knowledge.

"Amygdala becomes hyperactive > constant alertness"

"Hippocampus may shrink > weaker memory storage"

For students: May have trouble focusing, inconsistent recall, or emotional reactions.

Safe, structured environments support learning and memory in trauma-affected learners.

Connect content to real-life scenarios.

• "Why it helps: Activates long-term memory pathways."

  
  

Use Sensory Experiences

Visuals, music, movement > multiple brain regions engaged.

Create Safe Routines

Predictability lowers anxiety and helps brain focus.

Sousa, D. A. (2016). How the Brain Learns.

Carello & Butler (2015). Trauma-informed educational practice.