2,Admittedly,businesses will not invest in the countries where employees have more incidents to be affected by malaria which was widespread and caused side effect all areas of economic development.

3,Even after patient recovered from the malaria,he can’t afford the hard physical working for a long time because the symptoms will still linger you.
Exercise 10

Due to the barrier caused by different languages,people dreamed the international language which is simple and obvious and has 2 advantages.
Exercise11

Now,due to the hard competitions between different organizations,they are  searching for new ways.They will not only concentrate on lower price,instead,they improve the service quality.Now,we still wait for the response from the market.

1. Summary is much shorter than the original and contains only the key information which you want to use from the text rather than every detail.

2. Paraphrasing is vital because it allows students to show that they have understood the ideas which they have read.

E3

a.Some words have been changed, but the structure and grammatical style are almost exactly the same as the original. 

All the words are changed. What’s more, the structure and the grammatical style are both changed. 

Most of the words and the grammatical style are same.

E5

1.Due to the use of nets in affected areas rose from 3 percent to 50 percent from 2001 to 2011, the number of fatal malaria cases dropped by 25 percent.”

2. With the spread of malaria which depresses all areas of economic development , businesses don’t like to invest in countries where employees are likely to become ill.

3. Furthermore, the symptoms of malaria often linger for years .It is difficult to make physical labour before the patient has recovered.

E10

There will be a barrier that people can’t understand different languages. So setting up an international language which is simple can tie the cultural and economic closer.

E11

Today, even huge hyperstores no longer have the advantage of large price differentials. Stores have begun to concentrate on other mechanisms for achieving points of difference such as service quality. Increasing concentration on customer satisfaction is a rout which can be the most profitable.

1. Abstracts should generally describe the purpose of the study, the experimental method, the results and the final conclusions. While focusing on results and conclusions.

2. This is a key skill in academic writing as it allows you to integrate information from other sources into your work in order  to support and strengthen your arguments. And it allows students to show that they have understood the ideas which they have read.

 

Exercise 3

Choose B

A. The sentence structure is as same as the original.

C.The main meaning has been changed.

 

Exercise 4

1. 

A. Altering information order in paragraphs and sentences. / Transforming sentence structure. / Using synonyms and antonyms.

B. Using synonyms and antonyms.

C. Altering information order in paragraphs and sentences. / Rearranging word order in sentences. / Transforming sentence structure. / Using synonyms and antonyms.

 

2.

D. Restructuring noun phrases. / Using synonyms and antonyms.

E. Switching between the active and passive voice. /  Using synonyms and antonyms.

 

3. 

F. Using synonyms and antonyms. / Rearranging word order in sentences.

G. Modifying word forms. / Rearranging word order in sentences.

H. Rearranging word order in sentences. / Transforming sentence structure. / Using synonyms and antonyms. / Switching between the active and passive voice.

 

Exercise 5
1. Some places which are influenced by Internet up to 50 percent in 2011 though decade, while the cases of fatal malaria rapid decline to about 25 percent.

2. Because of the lack of investment from businesses, the economic was obstructed by widespread malaria, 
3. Besides, physical workers need a long time to recover themselves, due to the persistent symptoms of malaria.

 
Exercise 10

The establishment of universal language can narrow the distance of cultural and economic relations between various countries, so as to promote the development of globalization.

 

Exercise 11

Many academics and practitioners think that the competition in today's market is mainly in improving service quality and customer satisfaction, rather than pricing advantages.

There is a significant asent regarding to nets using from 3 percent to 50 percent  from 2001 to 2011. At the same ,is has helped to reduce the death toll affected by malaria by 25 percent.

 

As a result,malaria which spead everywhere hold the development of local economy. Since the labour force there are susceptible to disease,few businesses are willingly to invest. 

 

What is more, the sequela often exsits for a long time,which would cause physical inconvenience for the people who have already recovered .

 

Languages is a way of commuciation.But too many languages lead to a barrier rather than an aid . So people hope to set up universal language which is simple and obvious to make relations between countries closer.

Nowadays ,organisations are searching for a competitive edge to make them stand out from other competitors .Because of intense competiton ,they lost the pricing advantage.So they turn to other stragetic routes ,such as consumer satisfaction measured by service quality.And The result was positive correlation between the two.

 

2.Eventually, all areas of economic development were affected by widespread malaria .To some extent ,enterprises may not choose to invest in those areas where workers are likely to become ill.

3.What’s more, it costs a long time for the symptoms of malaria to exist, which makes some patients  who take physical labor feel difficult to work even after they has recovered.

E3
Prevention is A cheaper and easier method than treatment.

E5

1.From 2001 to 2011, the usage rate of net has increased by 43 percent. At the same time , the the usage rate of fatal malaria falled by 25 percent.”

2. At the end, widespread malaria has hampered economic development. Companies are 

unwilling to invest in countries where employees are ill.

3. In addition, malaria will have sequela and  manual labor is not as good as before 

E10

The different languages hindered the exchange of different
countries. For many years, people want to have the common language of the world to promote cultural exchange and integration.

 E11
The organization is looking for a unique competitive advantage. Many scholars believe that it is to improve customer satisfaction and focus on the quality of service. Good service companies make the most money, and poor service has been identified as the primary reason why customers switch to competitors.

1.The information in a summary must be important, they are key information. Without those information, people cannot understand the original article.

2.Paraphrasing is a way that we rewrite the information but in our own words while retaining the same meaning of the original. By this way, our tutors can know whether we really understand the information or not.

 

Exercise 3

B

 

Exercise4

A: altering information order in paragraphs and sentences.

B: using synonyms 

C: rearranging word order in sentence, restructuring noun phrases

D: restructuring noun phrases

E: switching between the active and passive voice

F: using synonyms/altering information order in paragraphs and sentences

G: altering information order in paragraphs and sentences/modifying word forms

H: switching between the active and passive voice/transforming sentence structure/using synonyms

 

Exercise 5

1.In some affected areas, the nets’ usage appeared to increase from 3 percent in 2001 to 50 percent in 2011, while the incidence of fatal malaria decreased by 25 percent during this decade.

2.Ultimately, the development of all regions’ economy is badly discouraged by the spread of malaria. This is because that countries where workers may be affected by the disease may not have chances to get investments.

3.Besides, although the patient has cured, they still suffer the abnormal conditions of malaria for several years, such as cannot doing physical-demanding works.

 

Exercise 6

1. In many countries, people has already gained benefits from health-education programmes, especially in some regions where education and economy is not well-developed.

2. Expensive treatment costs leads to high disease rates in some poor regions, so that providing effective prevention is a more realistic way to reduce incidence rates, such as the supply of clean water and sanitation.

3.Many of diseases can be treated with very simple medication, for example, medical staffs who know oral rehydration therapy(ORT) successfully reduce the death rate which results from diarrhoea. 

4. The main reason why costs in healthcare increasing in developed nations is, due to the increasing number of order people, high-price equipment and high-quality healthcare system are  demanded.

 

Exercise 7

The summary only contains the key information, and they are all transformed or rearranged. Besides,the detail information almost deleted.

 

Exercise 10

Creating a universal language, which everyone can easily use, will not only remove the barriers that hinder people from expressing themselves in different languages, but also will not only promote economic and cultural development.

 

Exercise 11

Recently, many experts deem that customer satisfaction will be regarded as one of the most important factors in business. Besides, many companies find that high quality service is more competitive than pricing advantage.

（1）       The main points and information of the article should be included in the summary, and other unnecessary details can be omitted .

（2）       Because it makes the reader more aware of what you're writing or some complicated sentences .

 

B       

 

(Text 1)

A：Transforming sentences structure .

B：Using synonyms .

C：Altering information order in paragraph ad sentences .

(Text 2)

D：Restructuring noun phrases .

E：Switching between the active and passive voice .

(Text 3)

F：Rearranging word order in sentences .

G：Modifying word forms .

H：Switching between the active and passive voice .

 

1、  The use of nets in affected areas rose from 3 percent in 2001 to 50 percent in 2011 . During that time, the number of fatal malaria cases dropped by 25 percent . The reason of that is the net can block mosquitoes and other bugs, so it can effectively prevent fatal malaria .

2、  Finally, economic development in all regions has been curbed by widespread malaria . Because malaria is so harmful to people, and it can even affect their work , so companies are less likely to invest in countries where employees may be ill .

3、  In addition, the symptoms of malaria usually persist for years , and it will affect patients' life and work , even for a long period of time after recovery .

 

Exercise 7

The summation is pithy , but the source text is verbose .

The summary clearly points out the central point of view , but the source text illustrates a number of examples and explanation .

 

Exercise 10

Language is the main way that people communicate with others . Therefore, if people speak the same language , there will have a good relationship among culture, economy and states . 

 

Nowadays, growing competition between organizations , which makes them have to readjust the sales strategy . In fact, by raising the service quality of the company to improve customer satisfaction is one of the most effective strategy route.

1.       A summary should contain the key point of the text, point out only the main ideas from what had been explained above.

2.       Paraphrasing is important because it shows that we do really understand the idea of the writer.

Exercise 3

B

Exercise 5

1. From 2001 to 2011, cases of fatal malaria decreases by 25 percent, and nets used got effected which rose from 3 percent to 50 percent.
 2. Eventually, the spread of malaria had become lowered in all economic development regions. Enterprises are not willing to spend money on countries that workers would easily become ill.
 3. Moreover, malaria’s illness stayed over a year, which this makes the patient have long-term difficulties on physical actions.
 
 

2. Paraphrasing is vital because it allows students to show that they have understood the ideas which they have read. By paraphrasing using different words and sentence structures, students are able to clearly show that they have understood any items which they have been asked to read.

Exercise 3

a. The sentence structure and grammatical style are almost exactly the same as the original. 

b. In this paraphrase all the words that could be changed have been changed. In addition, the sentence structure and the grammatical style are both very different from those of the original. 

c. Most of the words are still the same and the grammatical style of the two halves of the sentence are still the same.
 
Exercise 4

1.

A：Transforming sentences structure .

B：Using synonyms .

C：Altering information order in paragraph ad sentences .

2.

D：Restructuring noun phrases .

E：Switching between the active and passive voice .

3.

F：Using synonyms .

G：Modifying word forms .

H：Switching between the active and passive voice .

Exercise 5

1. The use of nets in affected areas grew from 3 percent in 2001 to 50 percent in 2011 . During this time, the amount of fatal malaria cases dropped by 25 percent. 

2. In the end, economic development in all regions has been limited by widespread malaria . So companies are less likely to invest in countries where employees may get ill.

3. Besides, the symptoms of malaria usually persist for years , and it will affect patients' life and work , even for a long period of time after recovery .

Exercise 6

1. In many countries, people has obtained benefits from health-education programs, especially in some regions where education and economy is falling behind.

2. Expensive treatment cost leads to high disease rates in some poor regions.

3.In one district of Nigeria,mortality from diarrhoea decreases by 82 percent because the usage of oral rehydration therapy by local doctors rather than complicated instruments or not affordable medicine.

4.In developing countries, healthcare budgets have soared remarkable attributing to increasing population levels and proportional growth in patient amount.

Exercise 7

The summation is pithy , but the source text is verbose .

The summary clearly points out the central point of view , but the source text illustrates a number of examples and explanation .

Exercise 10

Language is the main way that people communicate with others . Therefore, if people speak the same language , there will have a good relationship among culture, economy and states . 

 

Exercise 11

Nowadays, growing competition between organizations , which makes them have to readjust the sales strategy . In fact, by raising the service quality of the company to improve customer satisfaction is one of the most effective strategy route.

2. Paraphrasing is important because it allows students to show that they have understood the ideas which they have read. In addition, it can also prove students are not simply copy the words or sentences of a writer.

Exercise 3
My answer is B.

Paraphrasing is where information from another source is rewritten but in your own words whilst retaining the same meaning of the original. According to this principle, the sentence A is similar to the original sentence generally, although many new words are replaced. As for sentence C, most of the word does not change.Thus it is not a kind of rewritten.

Exercise 4
1. In paraphrase 1, sentence A alters information order in paragraghs and sentences. In addition, some synonyms has been used. In sentence B, some synonyms has been used. Sentence C uses synonyms and antonyms and alters information order in paragraghs and sentences.

2. In paraphrase 2, restructuring noun phrases can be found in sentence D. As for sentence E, switching between the active and passive voice has been used.

3. In paraphrase 3, rearranging word order has been used in sentence F. And modifying word forms can be found in sentence G. In addition, switching between the active and passive voice has been used in sentence H.

2. In the end, the development of local economy suffers from severe depression because malaria spreads to various kinds of industries. In addition,employers do not have any workers that they may be infected by malaria. As a result, investment can’t be found in any businesses managing.

3. Several years would be last for the influence of malaria as well. Only when the patients be healthy again can the labour market operate normally.

Exercise 6 
1.The health-education programmes are popular in informing people about CVD and AIDS risks, even for those who have never get educated or living in poverty.

2.Prevention is more common for the poor people than the simple medication,which is cheaper. Dirty water and bad health condition is often the source of many widespread diseases.

3.When oral rehydration therapy was learned by local health workers in particular region of Nigeria, the number of people who died diarrhoea declined by 82 percent. And the hospital equipment and expensive drugs do not need to be offered in effective treatment.

4. The average longevity in developed countries is much longer and many people are more than eighty years old. As a result, healthcare equipment uses more frequently in order to take care of the elder people. Thus, healthcare costs have increased dramatically.

[A]-transforming sentence structure;

[B]-using synonym ; 

[C]-altering information order in paragraphs and sentences ; 

[D]-restructuring noun phrases ;

[E]-using synonym; 

[F]-using synonym;

[G]- modifying word forms;

[H]-switching between the active and passive voice.

 5.1-There was a decline of 25% in the amount of deadly malaria cases from 2001 to 2011, because nets utilized in infectious region increased from 3% to 50% .

5.2-Ultimately,  deep economic recession because of the prevalence of malaria might be a result of that companies and enterprises tend to fund in nations where workers are unlikely to be affected.

5.3-In addition, until the sick has recovered , the symptoms of malaria will be gone and it will be more easier form them to make physical labor long.

2.    Because paraphrasing can show others that you actually understand what the original text is.

b.     The most important ideas are shown and the sentence structure is also different from the original.

c.     he meaning of the key ideas in the summary are the same as they were in the source text.

2.    Techniques include: alter information order in sentences;transform sentence structure; restructuring noun phrases; switch between the active and passive voice; modify word forms.

3.    Techniques include: alter information order in sentences;transform sentence structure; restructuring noun phrases; switch between the active and passive voice; modify word forms; using synonyms and antonyms.

 

2.Companies are not willing to give their money to countries in which people are easily ill because malaria spread widely. As a result,  this illness impede the economy.

 3.What’s more important, people infected by malaria  would not be cured for years, even if they were cured, it is hard for them to do physical labor.

 

Exercise 3

the grammar, structure and vocabulary in the summary is not too similar to the original.

Exercise 4

      Sentence B: synonym

      Sentence C: order, sentence structure, synonym and antonym

2. Sentence D: noun phrase structure, synonym

    Sentence E: active voice—> passive voice, synonym

3. Sentence F: synonym

    Sentence G: active—> passive

    Sentence H: sentence structure, passive voice—> x

Exercise 5

Exercise 6

Exercise 7

Summary is more shorter than the source text. And summary remove the examples and remain the key point only.

Exercise 10

Language is the main means of communication. Thus, the people speaking the same language would have a better relationship among culture, states and economy.

Exercise 11

More people hold the view that if you want to succeed in today’s competition is mainly through improving the service quality and customer satisfaction.

2.Methods are more realistic because people cannot afford the expense of the treatment in some extremely poor areas. Furthermore, many communicable diseases can be avoided through clean water and sanitation in some areas.

3. one of places in Nigeria, medical people used oral rehydration therapy 

Which resulted the death rate form diarrhea dropping by 82.percent. it is a easy way which does not need more tools or rare drugs.

1.    people are surviving into their eighties and nineties. Since older people tend to require the services of the healthcare system more often than the young, healthcare spending has increased.

Healthcare cost is increasing in developed countries because of people’ longevity. These old people are more likely to use the medical services.

For example, a summary could be used as a short citation in an essay or you could even be required to summarise a long text such as a journal article as part of a university assignment. In this case, the summary could run over a few pages.

2. “At last , widespread malaria affected all areas of economic increase. Businesses are less unlikely to invest in countries whose employees are likely to be sick.”

3. “What is more, the symptoms of malaria often persist for years and it will do bring effects on peoples life and have a work for a long period of time after recovery.

E-5
1.In many countries , it is beneficial for the people from health-education programs.,especially in some regions lacking of economy and education.

E-6
The summary leave out some key information