• Examples:

  • Bowline knot → makes a fixed loop.

  • Clove hitch → used to tie around a post.

  • Reef knot → joins two ropes together.

Examples:

• 🇦 (Alpha): I have a diver down; keep well clear.

• 🇧 (Bravo): I am carrying dangerous goods.

• 🇩 (Delta): Keep clear of me; I am maneuvering with difficulty.

Main types:

• Lateral marks: show channel sides (red and green).

• Cardinal marks: show where safe water lies (north, south, east, west).

• Isolated danger marks: indicate a small danger.

• Safe water marks: show there is safe water all around.

Examples:

• Red light → Port (left) side

• Green light → Starboard (right) side

• White light → Stern or masthead

• Flashing patterns:

  • Fixed (steady)

  • Flashing (short bursts)

  • Occulting (light mostly on, sometimes off)